Modern Situation Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF A MISCELLANEOUS EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A STUDENT AS A LEADER-PROFESSIONAL

The article considers the specificity of the organization of foreign language educational environment of the University and its influence on the formation of student's personality, development of his qualities: independence, mobility, leader in a professional sphere. The work shows the factors that characterize the modern situation of foreign language education as multiparadigm, inter-paradigmal. The article substantiates the understanding of foreign language education as an integrated multifunctional concept, including the entire social system aimed at training and education of the young generation which and is one of the factors of economic development of the country and instrument of its geopolitics. The article states that the foreign environment requires a cognitive, value-orientation communication environment, which is essential in the formation of new processes and properties of the person; some of the conditions for obtaining knowledge about socio-cultural specificity of the country of the studied language, development and education, the impact on emerging and developing personality, knowledge and communication environment that enables to develop a strategy of negotiated learning, the concept of which is associated with the concept of "learning throughout life. The work concludes that foreign-language educational environment of the University is a prerequisite for the identity formation of undergraduate student as a leader in a professional sphere of field of foreign language teaching.

«SPIRIT OF INFORMATSIONALIZM» - THE RESPONSEOF THE UNIVERSITY CORPORATE CULTURE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE MODERNITY

The article belongs to a conceptual type. It uses theoretical hypotheses and suggestions to clarify the development of functional aim and content of modern university corporate culture. The aim is to answer the question about the causes of tension between academic culture and corporate culture once we review dual cultural basis of the modern university combining traditional academic and corporate cultures. Do their different vectors and disagreements threaten to turn university into economic corporation? The main research method is comparison which suggests the need to see the content of corporate cultures of classical and modern universities in comparative analysis. The aim of modern university corporate culture is to improve its competitiveness because it needs to answer pragmatic requirements of modern situation. From the point of view of discourse it is found in corporate lexics, which frequently uses such words as «commerce», «product - price relations», «educational service», «academic capitalism», etc. This brings imbalance to classical cultural basis of the university which has traditionally been oriented towards spiritual service to high ideals preferring theoretic fundamental knowledge. Fragility of academic culture shows itself in appearing (under the influence of corporate culture) danger of shifting university development towards its transformation into economic corporation. At the same time corporate culture potential is not limited to its commercial and economic characteristics and present day reality challenges university not only with pragmatic issues. In its attempt to survive and remain humane network world with its tendency towards impersonal nature, disconnection and alienation has claimed professional and personal identity with such characteristics as interaction, trust and cooperation. That is what modern philosophers, sociologists and psychologist mean when giving discourse description of such culture in «patchwork» construction (M. Castels). Because of its: «patchwork» nature the culture requires “lubricant”, “super - glue”, trust (F. Foukoyama) and «mutual understanding» (K. Gergen) and, as M. Castels says «informationalism spirit». All this is intrinsic to corporate culture the managerial function of which is to organize university life according to relevant challenges. The reason why such a great attention is paid to university corporate culture nowadays in its market discourse understanding is that modern society which dynamically spreads pragmatic and mercantile approach to all spheres of life has transferred education (including university education) to the same language. The novelty of the article is in identifying humanitarian content of the modern university corporate culture and its justification as a potential for complementary connection of university modernization processes of economic type and traditional classic component. Conclusion can be interesting for university education managerial structure. The answer of the modern university to the question presented in the article title is initiated by creation of its new cultural basis which has dual nature. On the one hand traditionally high academic culture supports classical «university idea» [1] of selfless service and remains a characteristic feature of university education, bringing in “an invisible element” of spiritual life [2] - unique humanitarian spirit. On the other hand modern sociocultural challenges dictate the need for the second component of university cultural basis: corporate culture orienting it towards economic, material and pragmatic interests. Contradictions between cultural basis components creates tension which underpins transformations typical of modern university and leads to questions concerning its future. Will university remain as it is or turn into economic corporation producing specialists necessary for different spheres of social reality created because of public labor division? This question is widely discussed nowadays and the answers usually sound like «this or that». Yet we would like to shift our discussion to the level of actual content of this notion which gave rise to this discrepancy and brought tension to university cultural foundations. Otherwise we will have to ask the question about what corporate culture is and if it really is so opposed to traditional classic that there is a threat of university transformation. Are the elements of university cultural basis really so opposing and divergent?

El diminutivo en la Bolivia andina de la primera mitad del siglo XIX: valores y funciones en el "Diario" de J. S. Vargas

El empleo del diminutivo es un fenómeno de primera importancia para la caracterización del español andino dentro de las variedades americanas de esta lengua, no solo por su altísima frecuencia de uso, sino también por los numerosos valores semánticos que presenta y por su aplicación a bases morfológicas que no admiten tales elementos en otras variedades del español. El presente trabajo se propone ofrecer una descripción del uso que hace del diminutivo un hablante del occidente de Bolivia durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, con el propósito de determinar si la situación existente actualmente se daba ya en esta época o es un fenómeno más moderno en la variedad lingüística mencionada.

Changes in the population of forest and dendrophilous birds of the clay semidesert in the Volga–Ural interfluve over sixty years

The modern situation of the vertebrate population in the clay semidesert of the interfluve of the Volga and Ural rivers differs significantly from that observed 50–60 years ago. This is due to the fact that reduction of ravine forests and steppe shrubs (which began in the 18th century) has extremely affected the forest and dendrophilous animals. The artificial afforestation, especially intense since the middle of the 20th century, provided surrogate “forest” sites in the region by the end of the 1970s. This helped to restore the missing species and raise the abundance and dispersal of forest and dendrophilous animals. By the beginning of the 21st century, afforestation had stopped in the region and the plantation areas had begun to shrink. Some trends in the populations of mammals and birds can be already noticed.

Школьное насилие и организация безопасности детства в образовательном пространстве

The article is devoted to the problem of school violence and the organization of safety in educational environment. The author provides some form of violence, gives their analysis in our country and abroad in the historical context and modern situation of development. The article defines the concepts of victimization, and bulling, cyberbullying and their correlation with individual characteristics of children, and provides methods of prevention and safe development of children in educational space of school.

Foreign trade and grain prices in the Russian Empire. For or against the neoclassical theorems of trade?

This paper deals with the problem of the influence of grain export from the Russian Empire on the domestic price on bread. The counterfactual model of Russian grain market development is proposed, in case if grain export is ceased. The authors refer to a wider range of issues, including not only grain export of Russia in the beginning of the last century, but also to the neo-classical theories of foreign trade. The authors provide analyzes of export's effects on the balance of payments of the Russian Empire and investments structure and level. In this regard, it is proved that the growth of bread exports negatively affected investments in the manufacturing sector, and in another way in case of falling export of grain. The authors conclude that the export of labour-intensive goods from the country can provoke the outflow of capital in the country specializing in the production of capital-intensive goods, since the export of labour-intensive products reduces the demand for capital. The export of capital from the Russian Empire before the First World War was so significant that the government was forced to turn to foreign loans. In this regard, the authors have questioned that the positive balance of payments has always positive effect on the national economy. In Russia, grain export had negative consequences in the long term, slowing modernization, however making a positive trend for the country's agriculture, especially its Southwestern regions. However, the authors believe that increase in grain export had been predetermined by the nature of food consumption in the Russian Empire. In this context, the authors try to draw parallels with the modern situation in the Russian economy in the context of «resource curse».

Permian oolitic carbonates from the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China, and their paleoclimatic and paleogeographic significance

Marine carbonate ooids are environment-sensitive and hence valuable for paleoclimatic and paleogeographic reconstructions. This paper describes Permian ooids from the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China, in order to offer a new means to refine the uncertain paleogeographic details of this Gondwana-derived block. Four major types of ooids (micritic ooids, compound ooids, leached ooids and half-moon ooids) are documented from the Hewanjie Formation in the northern and the Shazipo Formation in the southern Baoshan Block. These ooids are dated via biostratigraphic analysis to be Wordian–early Wuchiapingian and signify an ameliorated shallow-marine temperature for the Guadalupian strata of the Baoshan Block. Results of this study, coupled with literature data, reveal diachronous debut of Permian ooids among the Gondwana-derived blocks: mostly Sakmarian in Central Taurides of Turkey, Central Iran, Central Pamir and Karakorum Block versus Wordian–Capitanian in Baoshan Block, Peninsular Thailand and South Qiangtang. In contrast, Asselian–Sakmarian strata of Baoshan Block as well as Peninsular Thailand and South Qiangtang are characterized by glaciomarine diamictites. These observations suggest that the Baoshan Block was probably situated at a considerably higher paleolatitude under distinct influence of Gondwana glaciation during the Asselian–Sakmarian than those blocks yielding Sakmarian ooids. Moreover, marine ooids are virtually absent nearby the equator within the Permian Tethys, similar to the modern situation. The Baoshan Block is accordingly interpreted to drift to warm-water southern mid-latitudes during the Wordian–Capitanian and remain to the south of Central Iran, Karakorum Block and South China, which were equatorially located in the Capitanian.

SOCIOCULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN MODERN SITUATION

This work presents kindergarten teachers’ ideas of the most important sociocultural developmental factors of preschool children in modern situation. Essay as a data-gathering tool was applied. According to the results, the main sociocultural factors are both family and kindergarten. Developmental value of the play, children's community and communication with peers are underestimated by kindergarten teachers. Teachers give preference to cognitive development, while personal development becomes secondary. Early connection of children to information space and technologies is still not comprehended completely, although kindergarten teachers describe some problematic aspects of this phenomenon.

Semiotics in Academic Training of Culturologists

The article puts under the scrutiny the problem of academic training of semiotics as a part of higher education in Russia. An author provides an overview of the origins of semiotic science, its place within humanities and culture studies, paying a special attention to a historical and modern situation in Russia. An important role of semiotic ideas, notions and terminology not only in academic spheres but in different areas of modern culture and society is analyzed and clearly stated. As a logical conclusion of theoretic and historic overview and analyze of modern-day situation follows an assertion of necessity of semiotic knowledge for students, particularly culturologists. As a practical result, an author provides reasoning and anticipated results as well as logical structure and content of currently-running academic course on Semiotics in the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture.

Paleohydraulic reconstruction of a 40 ka‐old terrace sequence implies that water discharge was larger than today

AbstractThe evolution of landscapes crucially depends on the climate history. This is particularly evident in South America where landscape responses to orbital climate shifts have been well documented. However, while most studies have focused on inferring temperature variations from paleoclimate proxy data, estimates of water budget changes have been complicated because of a lack of adequate physical information. Here, we present a methodology and related results, which allowed us to extract water discharge values from the sedimentary record of the 40 Ka‐old fluvial terrace deposits in the Pisco valley, western Peru. In particular, this valley hosts a Quaternary cut‐and‐fill succession that we used, in combination with beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐based sediment flux, gauging records, channel geometries and grain size measurements, to quantitatively assess sediment and water discharge values c. 40 Ka ago in relation to present‐day conditions. We compare these discharge estimates to the discharge regime of the modern Pisco River and find that the water discharge of the paleo‐Pisco River, during the Minchin pluvial period c. 40 Ka ago, was c. 7–8 times greater than the modern Pisco River if considering the mean and the maximum water discharge. In addition, the calculations show that inferred water discharge estimates are mainly dependent on channel gradients and grain size values, and to a lesser extent on channel width measures. Finally, we found that the c. 40 Ka‐old Minchin terrace material was poorer sorted than the modern deposits, which might reflect that sediment transport during the past period was characterized by a larger divergence from equal mobility compared to the modern situation. In summary, the differences in grain size distribution and inferred water discharge estimates between the modern and the paleo‐Pisco River suggests that the 40 Ka‐old Minchin period was characterized by a wetter climate and more powerful flood events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

SERBIA AND RUSSIA ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC MAP OF EUROPE TWO DECADES AFTER THE FALL OF COMMUNISM

1. Introduction The analysed and presented cartographic data on total fertility rates, birth rates, life expectancy, the percentage share of over 65 year olds, the infant mortality rates and adolescent-specific fertility rates from 2011 are the image of an aging European population with higher values of life expectancy, the number of which decreases, based on the natural movement. The epithet Old Continent can now rightfully refer to Europe even from the standpoint of the population, i.e. its average age. Unfavourable economic situation, linked to the transition from the state to a market economy, respectively the privatization of state enterprises, after the fall of communism, had a significant influence on the unfavourable demographic situation. The data for Serbia were obtained from the Statistical Office, for Russia from the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics, and for other European countries from the following sites: www.ined.fr,http://data.worldbank.org, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu, http://knoema.com/atlas. The aim of this paper is to point out the differences of demographic trends in former communist countries Serbia and Russia compared with other European countries with different political systems, in 2011. The demographic trends in other former communist countries (all former Yugoslav and Soviet republics) were similar. The fall of communism has affected all spheres of life of the inhabitants of the former communist states, but without doubt that influence, even after two decades, is reflected in the shaping of contemporary demographic trends. The total fertility rate in only three European countries has a value that is higher than 2.1[per thousand], that is, the expanded reproduction of the population is provided only in Turkey, Ireland and Iceland, while the lowest value of 1.21[per thousand] was recorded in Hungary. The same complicated situation we can see in Russia, where this rate is 1.5%. Natural population growth is negative in 16 European countries. Life expectancy has increased in all countries, with significant difference between Western and Eastern Europe. The increasing share of population older than 65 years is present in most countries of Europe. The fertility of the youngest fertile contingent of 15 to 19 years has declined due to change in the age birth model and increase in the average age of women at first birth. Infant mortality rates also decline in most countries, thanks to the improvement and advancement of health protection. While on the one hand, in most countries, an increase is recorded in life expectancy and the share of the elderly, on the other hand, the decrease is recorded in total fertility rates, the decline in natural population growth and fertility of female adolescents and infant mortality rates. These processes have influenced the change in the demographic image of Europe, with significant differences at the country level, according to the economic, ecological, cultural, religious and other influences. Demographic trends in Serbia, as one of the former Yugoslav republics, do not lag behind Europe. Serbia has recently recorded a constant population decline, and comparing the data from the 2011 census with previous census in 2002, a town of 311 139 inhabitants disappeared. The total fertility rate is 1.41, which is insufficient for the expanded reproduction of the population. With the reduction in fertility, an increase in the share of the population older than 65 years is recorded, as well as an increase in life expectancy. In this sense, there is a change in the balance of the old and the number of the active population and the increasing burden on the social fund. The fertility rate of adolescent girls in Serbia has a downward trend, as well as the infant mortality rates. The modern situation in Russia, as one of the former Soviet republics, is connected with two main current trends: stable increase of the level of birth rate and migration of foreign population. …

Linguistic Identity of the Members of the British Lingvoculture in the Aspect of Modern Socio-political Situation

The paper deals with the identity problem of the members of the British lingvocultural society in the course of modern socio-political situation in the UK. The modern historical period is recognized to be one of the most difficult in the modern world of globalization. Current local conflicts in the Middle East make people move to Western Europe to seek for a better life. Therefore, a flow of refugees comes to the UK, bringing not only their language, but also their traditions and culture in general. It initiates blending processes that causes changes in culture, as well as in a language. As the language serves as the means of communication as well as the human experience storage, that helps to save the cultural specialities. These changes can be observed in the language by means of studying the factual material, and we consider the corresponding web-resources and chats that contain linguistic observations of different aspects of the immigration problem. Thus, general conclusions are made on the study of the linguistic material, especially the online resources of the relevant mass media.

Дети с особыми образовательными потребностями в начальной школе

The paper analyses the modern situation of development in elementary school children. As it is shown, children with special educational needs display a delay in social maturation. According to the outcomes of a longitudinal study on behaviour in communicative/activity situations in normally developing children and children with disabilities, at the point of school entry the following features are prominent: incomplete decentration process; low levels of verbal regulation of actions; underdeveloped dialogue functions (communicative, programming, controlling/regulative); decrease in self-regulation, programming and control; lack of position dynamics in partnership etc. The paper also provides a review of the new basic professional education programme in “Correctional and Developmental Work with Children” designed in modules and based on networking. It is argued that students graduating in this programme have mastered all competencies required for working with children with special needs.

WHO struggle against childhood cancer

This article presents modern situation in childhood cancer treatment in high- and low/middle-income countries and position of WHO on this question. Authors suggest that it is very important to collaborate to reach success. Work of WHO on improvement of care and treatment for children with cancer presented. WHO strategy to control childhood cancer presented and to improve access to essential medicine for all affected children

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ АТТЕСТАЦИИ РАБОТНИКОВ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ

The importance of the research is closely connected with reforms in the system of education and reorganization of the municipal management system in Russia. The paper considers the issue of effective certification processes applied to municipal officers. It reveals regulatory features of certification of municipal officers, defines the concept of “state funded educational institution” and the sources for financing of state funded educational institution. The authors analyze a number of scientific works relative to the issues of administrative law, some aspects of assessment and certification of employees of various enterprises and organizations. The paper describes the results of theoretical analysis of the practice of holding certification of municipal officers, analyzes provisions of laws and regulations that govern the assessment of employees’ activity while switching to professional standards. The authors scrutinize the content of the sample regulation for certification of pedagogical staff and executives of the government and municipal educational institutions and organizations of the Russian Federation. It was found out that the main purpose of certification is to stimulate interest in improvement of skills, performance of teaching and administrative work, as well as development of creative initiatives to ensure social and legal protection of employees. It states the need to change the certification procedure by forming the criteria corresponding to acting laws and regulations, and application of a wider range of assessment techniques. The authors discuss the requirements of the professional standard of a “Teacher”, which characterize the job functions of teachers, especially teachers of preschool and primary education. The paper studies the structure of an effective contract as a tool for improving the qualification of employees of municipal educational institutions, and shows possible directions to improve the effectiveness of certification systems for employees of municipal institutions, in particular, in the field of education, in modern situation of their switch to professional standards.

Русские в современной Украине

Issues of modern situation of Russians in Ukraine analyzed in the article. Lighted up some aspects of migrations of Russian population and their consequence, level of education of Russian population and role of Russian minority in the Ukrainian society. Analyzed the issues and problems linguistic Policy implementation, public resonance and political fight around this issue. Analyzed some results of mobilization on ethnic base and influence of external factors for escalation of a separatist movement supported by Russia in the East part of Ukraine.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE BALANCE OF INFORMATIONAL SOURCES

The multiple correlation of three mass media types by informational channel is described. The principles of conjoint between informational sources in the modern situation are characterized. Traditional and new potential of media types are systematized in aspect of informational balance. The threaten of TV-absolution and non-professional using of informational channels are explained. It’s system evolution is motivated by functional dynamics according with conception of Ya. Zasurskyi. The theoretical and practical implications of balance of informational sources are correlated. The content capacity is determined especially. The peculiarities of radio and TV in different periods are mentioned. Positive media dynamics is conceptually connected with social progress of Russia in XX1 century.

PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICINAL PROVISION OF RUSSIAN AND ARMENIAN POPULATION

The main problems of medicinal provision of Russian and Armenian population and perspectives of its development are examined in the article. The analysis of the modern situation of medicinal provision of Russian and Armenian population was carried out. The main tendencies of pharmaceutical market development are revealed

LANGUAGE PREFERENCES OF NOMINATORS IN THE ERGONYMY OF BAKU (MODERN PERIOD)

This article discusses the modern linguistic situation in the republic, as well as principals of nomination of modern town objects in Baku. At present the following languages are widely spread on the territory of Azerbaijan: Azerbaijanian – the state language, English, Russian and Turkish as foreign languages. It is known that the city ergonyms may reflect the linguistic situation, political situation and the process of interaction of languages in the country. In this connection as the object of research, we took ergonyms as these terms combine economics, linguistics and aesthetics The aim is to establish the relationship between the nominators’ language preferences and linguistic situation. The article provides a comparison of nominators’ language preferences. The author concludes that the current linguistic situation is reflected in the principals of nominations.

NEW RESEARCH OF NEOGRAPHY: TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF THE ARCHIVAL ORIENTAL STUDIES (by the example of modern source study of the regional history of Kalmykia)

The article highlights the present situation in archaeography, new approaches in the study of the problem, describes the archaeography in southern Russia, shows a model of the main directions in the development of source studies in the modern times. The importance of in-depth study of the phenomenon of history of human memory, in addition to its academic value, has obvious practical significance, by virtue of the fact that namely retrospectively colored intentions have the most powerful impact on realization of the determining social memory not only in modern historiography, but also in future. The modern historiographic situation in science is not stochastic; historians begin to call the social project of science of the modern epoch as the next “world theory” or the “next myth”. The modern stage of the development of cognition is characterized by the process of purifying the object or subject of studies from mythologization of event statements of the history of Motherland and rethinking the history of development of national languages of ethnic minorities in Russia.