Modern Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Legal paradigm in the theory of law

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal paradigm and its cognitive possibilities in modern legal theory. The problem of paradigms, which became relevant thanks to the concept of Thomas Kuhn, does not stop bothering the scientific community. Of particular interest to study is the legal paradigm, the relevance of the study of which in our time can be seen in the fact that this legal construction allows solving the issue of applied significance.
 State-legal transformations in our country caused changes in the methodology of scientific knowledge, prevailing legal ideals and values, the emergence of new theories of understanding law in the legal paradigm, which, in turn, determine the vector of development of legal science. The study of paradigmatic problems in the theory of law is also connected with the epistemological needs of legal science itself. The current state of domestic jurisprudence is characterized by multi- paradigmism, the presence of many competing theories, teachings, and schools.
 The article examines the impact of general theoretical foundations of legal paradigms on law-making activity. The terms «paradigm», «legal paradigm», «paradigm of legal thinking» are clarified. The paradigmatic legal issues in the theory of the state and law have been studied. The study showed that the legal paradigm affects legal practice and determines the direction of legislation development. In turn, the possibilities of law enforcement practice for the legal paradigm consist in the use of law enforcement resources and experience. The evolution of the paradigm in the context of modern legal changes has indisputable theoretical and practical significance. The article reveals the place and role of the paradigm in modern scientific legal knowledge, traces the evolution of the «legal paradigm» category, reveals its relationship with other legal categories. Views on the relationship between the legal categories «law» and «law» in the context of the paradigmatic legal theory are outlined. Problematic issues that require thorough study in modern legal science are outlined.

EXPLORING THE PRAXES OF INDIGENOUS AND EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEASANT FARMERS IN GHANA

The global concern that Africa’s strong economic dependency on climate-related activities makes it vulnerable is troubling as the continent is lagging in embracing scientific techniques for adapting to the changing global environment. However, challenges exist where the application of ‘modern scientific’ knowledge to addressing climate change appears to disregard resilient ‘indigenous knowledge systems.’ This study situates the praxes and experiences of peasant farmers in Ghana to explore the indigenous knowledge systems they use to navigate climate change’s impact on their livelihoods. The study adopts the theoretical framework of Bruchac’s ‘indigenous knowledge theory’ in unpacking the socio-cultural ways peasant farmers in Ghana create unique ways of ‘knowing’ and understanding climate change. Utilising Focus Group Discussion and interviews, the views of peasant farmers on climate change and its impact on their livelihood were explored. The study found that the transferability of indigenous knowledge passed down to participants by their ancestors has shaped their ontological reality of changing climate patterns and its impact on their livelihoods. However, challenges exist in contemporary times in applying this knowledge to their farming practices. The study pushes for synthesising indigenous knowledge systems with modern scientific knowledge systems for institutional and behavioural change regarding climate change in Ghana.

The problem of loss of integrity of modern philosophical and scientific knowledge

The article deals with the actual problem of social development, the development of sciences and, in general, the development of human civilization – a gradual departure from reliance on a system of established generally accepted ideas and, as a result, the loss of the integrity of philosophical and scientific knowledge. The ability of various models to reliably describe areas of cognition that are outside the area on the basis of knowledge about which these models are formed is considered. The general theory of systems is considered, the central idea of which is the existence of isomorphism of forms and laws in various subject areas and at various levels of the universe, through which the integrity of the world is manifested. The necessity of relying on a system of generally accepted ideas about nature, society, ethics and aesthetics is justified, even if these ideas are not indisputable and final. The necessity of returning philosophy to the leading role in cognition is stated, since only philosophy is able to ensure the integrity of the knowledge system. It is stated that such a property is possessed by models that are able to fit into a holistic picture of the world. The idea is put forward that the General theory of systems can become the basis for building a holistic picture of the world. To do this, it should be expanded by defining the methodology of formation and describing particular manifestations of isomorphism, as well as supplemented with an ontological part containing an explanation of the genesis of isomorphism.

NEP 2020 in the light of Swami Vivekananda’s Educational Philosophy: An Analysis

Swami Vivekananda envisaged that a New India will arise: ‘She is awakening! This motherland of ours, from her deep long sleep. None can resist her anymore; never is she going to sleep anymore; no outward powers can hold her back anymore’ (CW, 3.146). Swami Vivekananda was a revolutionary thinker and out-of-the-box educationist who dared to discard the education system of his times and proposed to replace it with an encompassing student-centric harmonious model towards a unifying society which is just and equitable to all. He dreamt of a scheme of education which caters to the needs of the learners at every level-be it intellectual, moral or spiritual. The program that he propounded was a fusion of age-old traditional values extracted from our timeless scriptures and the modern scientific knowledge that could lead India to become a modernized nation, in unison with the developed powers of the world. There exist many grounds for commonality between Vivekananda’s vision and NEP which reflects how we’re trying to walk down the path laid down by his vision. His scheme of education is comprehensive and complete as it intends to develop all the must-haves in the young learners to help them sail through their lives with élan and to be an asset to the nation. His phenomenal educational philosophy reverberates in the guidelines laid by National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.Thus the present paper highlights the vision /ideals of Swami Vivekananda in the light of NEP 2020

Museum educational activities in the context of disseminating modern scientific knowledge

The purpose of the study is to analyse the content and focus of the educational activities of museums on the dissemination of modern scientific knowledge and ideas of scientific education. Scientific education is increasingly acquiring interdisciplinary and integrative content as a synthesis of natural, technical, and humanitarian knowledge in formal, non-formal, and informal education, or in conditions of their complementary integration. The authors conducted an online survey of 42 respondents (teachers of Ukrainian secondary schools, teachers of universities, and museum workers) who answered 10 questions of the questionnaire about the organization, drafting, and implementation of museum educational (museum pedagogical) programmes to communicate with pupils and students in the museum environment with the opportunity to express their own attitude to the suggested problems. The survey results proved that teachers of secondary schools and teachers of higher education institutions have a significant interest in the introduction of educational (museum pedagogical) programmes into the environment of national museums with minor visiting reservations, associated with quarantine restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyses the peculiarities of functioning of museum institutions in the system of organizing various types of educational activities with visitors in accordance with the dominant paradigm of education and upbringing. The role and significance of the most important educational paradigms in the system of museum pedagogical activity are outlined. The role of modern museums in promoting and disseminating ideas of scientific knowledge in various forms and methods of work with young people is emphasized.

Concepts of Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos in the Context of the Economic Paradigm

Relevance. In connection with the decline of neoconservative ideology, methodological disputes have escalated regarding both the methods used by economists and the scientific paradigm underlying economic science itself. If in the XIX century economic analysis corresponded to a critical scientific approach, then in the second half of the XX century economists had to revise the requirements for the quality of research from the standpoint of falsificationism. The article deals with the problems of applying the concepts of K. Popper, I. Lakatosh, etc. Kuhn's approach to the theoretical postulates of the modern economic mainstream, Marxism and institutionalism.The purpose is to consider the problem of critical application of the concepts of K. Popper, I. Lakatosh and T. Kuhn to modern scientific knowledge and the tasks of current economic research.Objectives. The following tasks are considered: concretization of the principle of verificationism in relation to economic analysis; concretization of the principle of falsificationism in relation to economic research; determination of the directions of progressive research economic programs.Methodology. The article is prepared within the framework of the positivist paradigm and an adductive approach combining deductive-inductive logicResults. Economics is a science from the point of view of the paradigm of Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn, but it is not a sphere of pure scientific knowledge from the standpoint of Karl Popper's falsificationism.Conclusions. The principle of verificationism dominates modern scientific economic research. Most economic paradigms are degrading. In economic research, it is necessary not only to strive to statistically confirm the hypothesis put forward, but also to compare it with competing scientific explanations.

Research on the integration and development of student management and ideological and political education in universities based on environmental psychology

Abstract To cultivate college students to become new intellectuals with virtue and talent who master modern scientific and cultural knowledge and are physically healthy. This paper constructs a model of college student management and ideological and political education based on environmental psychology. The CIPP evaluation mechanism is used to analyze the appropriateness of the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, calculate the weight values among the indicators according to the priority relationship among environmental psychology indicators, input the evaluation data into the database information management layer for compression processing through multi-level analysis, and pass into the indicator adjustment layer as well as the data mining layer for a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of ideological and political teaching, which proves that it can promote student management and ideological and political education It is proved that it can promote the integration of student management and ideological and political education. In this paper, three classes of universities were selected for the experiment, and it was proved that the average score of the ideology factor increased from 64.42 to 82.96 under the environmental psychology teaching model, and the classroom head-raising rate of students increased by more than 10%. It shows that the application of the environmental psychology teaching model to students’ Civic Education in colleges and universities can significantly improve students’ ideological and political level, can keep up with the changes in the social environment for effective management of students, and promotes the integration development of student management and Civic Education.

The Study of Life in Doing Theology: Overcoming the forces of death

Theology used to be regarded as the queen of the sciences; now it is alienated from the main body of academic activities, especially the natural sciences. We need theological reflection that serves all the academic disciplines, as an integral part of the study of life. Theology is needed to help overcome the reductionism of the modern sciences and the fragmentation of the full reality of life. Theology should function as an integrative discourse to build a holistic relationship among the disciplines. Two tasks will be presented: (1) The Story of Life as an integrative discourse on life; and (2) Convergence of the Eastern Wisdom of life and the modern sciences of life as a way toward multi-disciplinary methodology. In the 21st century the universal issue is life: the life of all living beings, and how to overcome the powers that destroy life, such as war, poverty, hunger, disease, political oppression, cultural desertification and ecological disruption, in the context of imperial hegemony. The global empire and the global market, organized by modern technocratic power and based on modern scientific knowledge, have created an omnicidal threat on an unprecedented scale.

Epistemologis Tafsir Tematik: Menuju Tafsir Al-Qur’an Yang Holistik

The aim of this research is to discuss the Epistemological Efforts of Thematic Interpretation in Holistic Interpretation of the Qur'an. This research falls under the category of qualitative research, therefore the researcher only conducts a literature review. The first step involves gathering literature sources, both primary and secondary sources. The next step in this research is to provide a description of the literature sources that discuss the history, meaning, principles, and steps of thematic interpretation. The conclusion of this research is obtained through an analysis or epistemological approach to the method of thematic interpretation. The results and discussions of this research reveal that the discourse on the thematic method among scholars and scientists has led to the development of this method through the collaboration of modern scientific knowledge in the field of interpretation. This collaborative interpretation is referred to as integrative thematic interpretation, which enhances the existing classification of thematic interpretation. Ideally, all classifications of thematic interpretation can be interwoven into an integrative formulation of thematic interpretation, thus resulting in a holistic thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. Holistic thematic interpretation of the Qur'an is an epistemological effort to establish the validity of interpretation as a divine truth and as a rational and sensory truth that can be justified apriori, aposteriori, and pragmatically.
 Keywords: qur’an; thematic interpretation; epistemological; holistic.

Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Public Legal Research

The article raises the question of the need to expand interdisciplinary links of legal science and its output beyond the socio-cultural context, in which the state-legal phenomena are most often studied. On the example of the data of evolutionary biology, cognitive and evolutionary psychology, as well as a number of other directions of modern scientific knowledge, the issues that can and should become a subject of reflection for legal scientists are outlined. At the same time, attention is drawn to the relevance of the principle of transdisciplinarity in the knowledge of the world around, including the study of law and state.Some perspective directions of interdisciplinary research of human legal behavior and state-legal regulation are defined. In particular, the influence of the system of intuitive inferences is developed in the course of biological evolution and is not controlled by consciousness on the process of selection and perception of meaningful information (including predisposition to learning morality), on the ability of a person to form various associations and innate mechanisms of recognizing social alliances (coalitions) and control over loyalty to them, on the built-in in the mind patterns of exchange and sense of justice are outlined.

Indigenous house construction of the Mao Nagas: A sustainable perspective

There has been a resurgence of interest in recent years for an infusion of scientific and indigenous knowledge. With the perennial rising temperature and global warming, scientific knowledge and development about ecology and its environment has failed to some extent. The call for indigenous beliefs and practices in sustainability and care for the environment has become necessary. Scientific knowledge does not have a long and time-tested history. Indigenous practices, on the other, have stood the test of time to prove that it is sustainable and that the materials used for house construction are eco-friendly. The Mao indigenous community has centuries of practices where houses built could withstand cold conditions on the mountain tops. Even during summer, the house can provide a comfortable stay without fans and air-conditioners. The materials used for these house constructions are forest products, wood, thatch, mud, bamboo, and stones. If modern houses could imbibe certain indigenous aspects of the indigenous communities, the marked difference can be felt in times to come. The methodology of the paper will be through a qualitative prism where the participant observation method and an interdisciplinary literature review will be deployed. The paper attempts to present that if certain aspects of indigenous house construction could be blended with modern scientific knowledge, the world could be reverted to a more environmentally and eco-friendly world.

Assessing Saiph, a task-based DSL for high-performance computational fluid dynamics

Scientific applications face the challenge of efficiently exploiting increasingly complex parallel and distributed systems. Developing hand-tuned codes is a time-consuming, tedious and hardly reusable task. Reaching high performance appears detrimental to productivity and portability and unreasonable to expect from scientists. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are collaborative environments aiming to overcome such difficulties by decoupling the problem description from the algorithmic implementation. However, developing a competitive tool in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is challenging: DSLs for HPC environments have two additional critical requirements, performance and scalability. Moreover, documented and successful cases are few, making it difficult to popularise DSLs as problem-solving environments for scientific HPC code development. In this context, Saiph is a task-based DSL easing the simulation of physical phenomena from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), developed to meet HPC productivity and performance requirements. This work reports the tuning and evaluation of Saiph using the Taylor–Green Vortex (TGV) problem as a case study. We assess Saiph’s productivity, numerical methods, and high-performance strategies to illustrate its use and demonstrate its competitiveness, viability and benefits for CFD software developments in HPC environments. Hence, we contribute to the popularisation of HPC DSLs as suitable problem-solving environments able to unify modern computational and scientific knowledge.

Modern view on the etiology and immunological aspects of pneumonia

Pneumonia is the most common and deadly nosology among all respiratory diseases associated with microorganisms. Despite advances in antibacterial and antiviral therapy, mortality due to pneumonia is not decreasing. It should be noted that the problem of infectious pathology has always been discussed only in narrow circles of specialists, which led to its underestimation, including during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. At present, scientific possibilities have not reached their perfection in the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia. Of no small concern is the lack of sections on immunology in the training program for general practitioners and pulmonologists and, as a result, the lack of knowledge by most medical specialists of the basics of the immune response in various infectious diseases, in particular, the differences in the immune response of a macroorganism in viral and bacterial infections, the stages of the immune response, differences between innate and adaptive immune responses, possibilities of immunocorrective therapy. Being followers of the scientific school of pulmonology of academician N.S. Molchanov, in this review, we evaluated the features of etiological factors and immune characteristics of the body on the course and out-comes of pneumonia, taking into account modern scientific knowledge. The current definition of pneumonia is formulated, the issues of the etiology of pneumonia from the perspective of the lung microbiome, the features of the immune response of the macroorganism in viral and bacterial pneumonia, the inconsistency of immune protection and the impact of comorbidity on this are covered in detail. Understanding the processes that lead to the disruption of the respiratory microbiome, the multiplication of pathobionts, the attachment of multiresistant microorganisms and the reactivity of the macroorganism will contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of pneumonia.

Aşı Tereddüdü ve Reddi: Bir Amasya Örneği

Objective: This study conducted with parents who have vaccination hesitation or refused to be vaccinated in Amasya is aimed to determine the factors that affected their decision. Material and Methods: In this study, the characteristics of families who refused to vaccinate their children in Amasya in 2019–2020 were questioned and compared with a group of families who had their children vaccinated. Results: In the study group, thinking that there are harmful substances in the vaccine, thinking that the vaccine will harm the child, and not giving confidence because all childhood vaccines come from abroad were stated as the three most expressed reasons for not vaccination. The rate of prenatal screening tests, sugar loading and tetanus vaccine was found to be significantly higher in the study group who refused vaccination compared with the control group. Having negative experiences related to vaccination (OR = 6.57) and not taking measures for communicable diseases (OR = 32.64) were positively associated with not having the vaccine. Conclusion: This study is one of the limited number of studies evaluating parents’ sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward vaccination. Due to the provision and financing of vaccines, families have concerns related to confidence in vaccines. The fact that vaccination is necessary not only for individuals but also for social immunity should be explained to all individuals in society considering modern scientific knowledge.

GRNTI 2022 Master Version. (Part 2. Updating and improving links and reference tools of the Rubricator)

The authors introduce the findings of their research on updating and improving the existing (2021) master version of the State Rubricator of Sci-tech Information (GRNTI) and preparing the master version 2022, in particular, updating and improving the Rubricator links and reference tools to these tools of GRNTI Master Version 2021. Four types of references are used to point to logical connections of subject headings supplementing the classification hierarchy fixed in the code structure of the GRNTI General Table, namely “see”, “see also”, “see cross reference”, “equivalent”, and Notes [in Russian]. The general statistics of updates and developments in all three GRNTI levels are presented in the Appendix A. Most changes are made to the “see also” reference, which evidences on the increased share of interdisciplinary scientific research in the thematic structure of the GRNTI 2022 Master Version. This level of generalization with logical grouping and concepts ordering, including polyhierarchichal connections, reflects the general trends in the modern scientific and technological knowledge. The reference tools of the GRNTI 2022 General Tables maintain distinction of aspects reflected in the subject headings with logical-semantic connections. This enables to refer documents to relevant headings when indexing.

Coastal Erosion Identification and Monitoring in the Patras Gulf (Greece) Using Multi-Discipline Approaches

The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate advanced surveying methods and techniques for coastal erosion identification and monitoring in a densely human-populated coastline, the southern coastline of the Gulf of Patras (Greece), which diachronically suffers erosion problems expected to become worse in the forthcoming years due to climate change and human intervention. Its importance lies in the fact that it presents a robust methodology on how all modern scientific knowledge and techniques should be used in coastal erosion problems. The presented methods include the use of satellite and aerial photo imaging, shallow seabed bathymetry and morphology, sediment sampling, geotechnical investigations, as well as hydrodynamic modelling. The results are extensively analyzed in terms of their importance in coastal erosion studies and are cross-validated to define those areas most vulnerable to erosion. Towards this scope, the seabed erosion rate produced by hydrodynamic modelling is compared with the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) calculations performed in the examined area to identify which coastal zones are under a regime of intensive erosion. The results between the CVI and the seabed erosion rate appear to coincide in terms of the erosion potential, especially in zones where the vulnerability regime has been calculated as being high or very high, with the P. oceanica meadows playing an important role in reducing erosion.

Theoretical foundations of hand-to-hand combat in the system of modern scientific knowledge

Hand-to-hand combat based on a set of techniques is a universal mean of the system of professional activity of law enforcement officers and the Armed Forces, and is a separate sport. Techniques of hand-to-hand combat are performed against the opponent with weapons and without. In the conditions of the socio-political situation in Ukraine, the formation of hand-to-hand combat skills among the population requires special attention. The purpose of the study is to analyze the native and foreign experience of scientific research on hand-to-hand combat, with the aim of outlining promising directions for its development among other types of martial arts. Research methods: method of analysis of scientific and methodical literature, systematization, generalization. Research results. The modern scientific field of knowledge on the theoretical foundations of hand-to-hand combat separates several main directions, among which are the system of training employees of security forces to perform their professional duties, the system of training athletes in hand-to- hand combat as a sport, and fragmentary studies on the use of hand-to-hand combat tools in the system of physical education of the children of school age. The current state of theoretical studies of hand-to-hand combat for school-aged children encourages a more detailed study of it.

Selected Bibliographic Resources for the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge on the Websites of Libraries in Russia

The purpose of the article is to show the results of a study of selected bibliographic resources in Russian libraries for the popularization of science, the promotion of scientific knowledge, the formation of a scientific worldview and the development of scientific literacy. Selected bibliographic resources on 87 library sites were considered. 750 selected bibliographic resources were identified, of which 280 (27 %) are aimed at disseminating modern scientific knowledge. Most of these are non-renewable resources. It has been established that in the process of promoting scientific knowledge, libraries most actively use reviews; electronic thematic collections, selections, exhibitions and selected lists; less often – selected bibliographic indexes, guidebooks, digests, card indexes and bibliographic reference books. Such traditional types of advisory aids as memos, bibliographic essays, popular bibliographic encyclopedias, booklets, and almanacs are almost never used. It is concluded that in the activities of libraries for the dissemination of scientific knowledge, selected bibliographic resources do not yet occupy a worthy place despite their decisive role in purposeful and systematically organized self-educational reading, which opens up wide opportunities for the formation of scientific worldview.

Міждисциплінарна інтеграція ₋ головний чинник у розвитку клінічного та професійного мислення у студентів медичних закладів вищої освіти України

The purpose of the study was to reveal the essence of an integrated approach to teaching fundamental disciplines as a key factor in the professional training of medical students. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Integration significantly changes the content and structure of modern scientific knowledge, intellectual and conceptual capabilities of certain sciences. It is the most important means of achieving the unity of knowledge in the content, structural, scientific, organizational, and pedagogical aspects. Integration in the fundamental fields arose on the background of differentiation of sciences and detailing of specialties, the growing amount of knowledge and requirements for it in each individual field. Integration between academic disciplines is aimed at deepening the interconnections between subjects and is a way to improve it. The interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines in higher medical institutions provides for a unified approach of the teaching staff of different disciplines to solving common educational problems based on the generalization of knowledge by students. Histology, cytology, embryology and human anatomy as disciplines that study the structure and morphological variations of the human body are perceived from the viewpoint of modern science as the basis of medicine, physiology and pathology, which has been gradually formed since ancient times and up to the current day. Such a close relation between the micro- and macro-structure of the body is consistent and logical in the study of two fundamental disciplines, it becomes possible to transfer theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities from one discipline to another. Creating interdisciplinary connections contributes to deeper learning and repetition of previously studied material, and properly organized integration plays both an educational and an upbringing role. The interdisciplinary integration of two fundamental disciplines such as Histology, Cytology and Embryology with Human Anatomy is a necessary component of the training of a future doctor. The use of such interdisciplinary technologies for training a doctor allows to raise him/her to a qualitatively new level of clinical thinking, capable of solving the problems of medical practice in a comprehensive manner based on the wide integration of information from various disciplines. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary integration helps to increase the professional motivation of students in the first and second years of studies in higher medical education, deepens their knowledge in specialized disciplines, activates the cognitive activity of students, promotes the formation of their competencies and improves the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities

Digitalization as a new vector for the development of Kazakhstan

The definition of a new vector of socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, actualized a number of problems related to the search for new models of their own self-organization. At the same time, special interest began to be shown in the digitalization of society. For the most part, digitalization takes place without its proper preliminary scientific and theoretical justification and the development of methodological and applied knowledge. Understanding the process of digitalization of society is also taking place within the framework of philosophical discourse, which seeks to integrate approaches that have developed in various fields of scientific knowledge. Today, the development of a digital society is one of the main problems studied by modern philosophers. President K. Tokayev, in his Message to the people Kazakhstan in 2021, emphasized that the basic element of all reforms and the key tool for achieving national competitiveness is digitalization. The elimination of the digital divide marks a new stage in the development of social Kazakhstan on the principles of justice. Digitalization is primarily a socio-political and socio-humanitarian problem. Therefore, new strategic tasks have been set before the scientific community, to determine what can give the country entry into the path of its «digitalization». Thus, Kazakhstan needs a kind of digitalization model, where, along with the spread of digital technologies, the demand for social justice will grow. This indicates that in modern scientific knowledge there is an interest in various aspects of the digital society, its advantages and consequences for people's life. At the same time, the problem of digitalization of society provides a basis for its further research and building social justice. This article analyzes government programs and world rankings in the field of digitalization.