Modern Public Space Research Articles

Направления и приоритеты политико-коммуникативного взаимодействия органов власти и Русской православной церкви в публичном пространстве современной России

Introduction. The aim of the work was to analyze the leading directions of interaction between the state and religious authorities in the modern public space. It is shown that the result of this interaction was the politicization of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter ROC). It is proved that in recent decades the Church continues to exert direct and indirect influence on the state, which, in turn, uses its spiritual potential to stabilize the socio-political system. Methods and materials. Institutional and modernization approaches were used as the research methodology. Within the framework of the institutional approach, an analysis of the interaction of government structures and the ROC in the context of adaptation, cooperation and competition in the course of democratic transformations in the country was carried out. Within the framework of the modernization approach J. Haber formulates the fundamental thesis on the increasing role of religion in a secular (modernizing) society and its strengthening in the national state. Analysis. It is noted that in the 1990s the leading direction of interaction between the state and the ROC was exclusively the political sphere, which was associated with the democratization of public life, the involvement of the clergy in political modernization. At the beginning of the 21st century the state proclaimed a course towards depoliticizing the institution of religion. The activities of political religious parties were prohibited. Subsequently, the ruling United Russia party began to focus on mutually beneficial partnership with the ROC, priority was given to the patriotic education of young people. The result of joint activities of the Main Military-Political Directorate of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the ROC was the formation of a new type of soldier, a bearer of spiritual and moral values, a statesman, defender of the Fatherland. The ROC, as the dominant religious figure in the public space, actively participates in the domestic and foreign policy of the country, challenging other confessional structures. The highest officials of the state and the church share the common values of conservatism, but at the same time, each of them defends its own interests, which initiates the limitation of their mutual support. Results. The state power, together with the ROC, solves internal political problems, including the formation of spiritual, moral, patriotic constants in modern Russian society. In the context of the sanctions policy, the activity of the ROC as a conductor of the “soft power” of the state contributes to the improvement of the countrys image. The result of the interaction of state and religious structures is the formation of a new ideological paradigm based on the principles of religious ethics, conservative values, as well as national identity, patriotism.

СЕЛФИ-АРХИТЕКТУРА ТЮМЕНИ

Architecture is an integral part human life. It influences the psyche and health of people, causing certain associations. Architectural objects are often captured through the lens of cameras. Selfie culture has become a powerful tool for promoting new meanings and designing modern public spaces. The need for selfie backgrounds is increasing. This encourages artists and architects to create interesting solutions for urban space. There are examples of urban street art in many cities around the world and in Russia. In Tyumen, there are memorable objects for visitors and its residents, which in turn are urban landmarks and are responsible for the strategic and economic development of the city. They are recognizable, stand out against the background of a monotonous environment and help to navigate the urban landscape. As a result of conducted research, the nformation is obtained on the most popular places for photos in the city of Tyumen. Territories can be divided into the following categories: environment, object and background. An architectural structure that meets all the criteria and is a key symbol of the city is selected from the objects considered. The selfie architecture of Tyumen is an integral part of the culture of today. However, at the moment in Tyumen there are no popular truly utilitarian spaces intended only for photos as it happens in other cities.

Reflection of feminism in the arts of modern Kazakhstani painters

The article touches on the topic of self-expression of contemporary artists through their work concerning feminism. The theme of the woman, her inner world, and the attitude towards her in different historical epochs have always occupied a special place in the visual arts. There is hardly an artist who does not understand this mystery, but everyone has discovered it in their way. The progress of civilization gradually awakened the consciousness of women. People are beginning to realize that women occupy an important place in the humanities, the arts, and other fields. The emergence of feminism has led to profound social changes in the world. The emergence of feminist works in art history is an objection to the once-dominant artistic paradigm and enriches the traditional art genre. The concept of modern art feminism emerged due to the formation and development of modern civil society and public space. It is a form of contemporary art expression in a public space and an artistic medium for communication between people and the environment. The definition of feminism is the simplest one. It's the idea that a work of art could portray women's power, independence, quality, dignity, and identity. Keywords: art, feminism, artist, the modern art of Kazakhstan

Adaptation of Parks for People with Disabilities in Hill Terrain of Vladivostok

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to create a sustainable, comfortable, safe, and accessible environment for people with disabilities (PWDs) in modern public open spaces (POS). Green parks are key elements of landscapes of POS and urban sustainability, improving the quality of the environment and life of society. Design, reconstruction of the landscape organization of green POS and, in particular, green parks, based on principles of Universal Design (UD), allow all city dwellers, including PWDs, have equal conditions in receiving positive emotions from communication with nature, comfortable rest, play sports to maintain self-confidence. Objects of study are green urban green parks in the hilly terrain of Vladivostok, requiring landscape adaptation for PWDs. The goal of the study is the development of an experimental project proposal for a green park in hill terrain based on UD design guidelines. To achieve this goal the study summarizes the theoretical sources for the use of principles of UD when forming green POS; analysis the availability of elements of an accessible environment in green parks in hill terrain of Vladivostok; performed the experimental projects for landscape adaptation of green parks for PWDs in hill terrain of Vladivostok, based on principles of UD.

Modern technologies in representation and preservation of the Kola Sami ethnic culture

The paper is based on the latest comprehensive study of representations of the Sami people in Murmansk Region. The aim of the article is to describe and analyse the representations, which are considered as a product of the sociocultural practices which use specific technologies. The latter are regarded as methods and tools of practices aimed at preservation of ethnic culture, including its construction. The subject of this study is textual, visual, objective and animated forms of representations of the Sami culture, as well as interactive and other tech-nologies for imaging and branding of Murmansk Region, preservation of cultural heritage of the Sami, and market-ing of regional and ethnic products. For the first time, regional sociocultural practices of actualization and conser-vation of the tangible and intangible heritage have been analyzed using materials of the Kola Sami culture. The study involved ethnographic field research methods, content analysis of regional printed and network media, de-scription of expositions of the regional ethnographic museums, Sami private collections and archives. The analy-sis was based on the framework of constructivism methodology of ethnic studies, actor-network theory, sociology of things and memory studies. It has been determined that museums and mass media appear as collective au-thors of representations. The main commissioner of the technologies of representation and preservation of ethnic and cultural heritage of the Kola Sami of Murmansk Region is the regional government, which uses public and media practices as a managerial tool for the economic and social development of the Region. In the context of development of the ethnocultural tourism, the Sami historical and cultural heritage acts as a very attractive touris-tic resource which requires new sociocultural technologies, such as various forms of visualization and objectifica-tion of ethnic cultural elements, museumification and commercialization of material objects, symbolization and branding of the Sami culture. Sami self-presentations dominate in modern public space and discourse since 2010. At the same time, heteroethnic presentations demonstrate sustainable linguistic modes to describe and to portray Kola Sami people. Construction of cultural models results in reformatting of the Sami ethnic culture, changes of functionality of its elements, and appearance of new ethnocultural forms.

Засоби вираження комунікативно-прагматичної інтенції образи в сучасних медіатекстах

Recently, in modern public space, in particular socio-political discourse, contemptuous statements have become more frequent with the intention of insulting the opponents, humiliating their status, honor and dignity, and making them feel bitterness and annoyance. Once in the media, they not only give a negative evaluation of specific individuals, but also vulgarize speech and in different ways affect the consciousness of recipients. The intensification at the turn of the century of scientific studies devoted to the speech and psychological influence of the addressant on the addressee, determined the need in a thorough analysis of the communicative intention of the insult in modern media.

Lima en la década de 1870, una ciudad para el cincuentenario de la Independencia

The first great attempt of urban transformation of Lima in its republican history was performed in the 1870s, a situation that coincided with the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the independence of Peru. This essay testifies to these changes, such as the destruction of the viceroyalty wall and the provision of lands for wide avenues, squares, new residential neighborhoods and modern public spaces, including the Parque de la Exposicion and the Palacio de la Exposicion. It also analyzes the main celebratory activity of the symbolic event, as was the Great Exhibition of 1872. The study ends with the conversion of the Palacio de la Exposicion into the new headquarters of the National Museum, the collection of which was to serve as a vehicle for the construction of a national identity.

REPRESENTATION OF THE MEMORY OF FORCED LABORERS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR PERIOD IN THE MODERN PUBLIC SPACE AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE OF UKRAINE

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problem of representation of the memory of forced laborers of the Second World War in the modern public space and scientific discourse of Ukraine. The methodology of the research is based on the general scientific and special historical methods. The work is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and the problem chronological approach. The scientific novelty of the article is an attempt to comprehensively study the features of the historical memory of Ostarbeiters as victims of the Second World War, who suffered from the Nazi and later from the Soviet repressive systems. It has been studied that comprehension and further reproduction the people՚s traumatic experiences is an important condition for the formation of the politics and culture of memory of the Second World War and the postwar period in Ukraine. Conclusions. It was found that the process of (re)creation of the historical memory of forced laborers in the public space and in the scientific discourse of Ukraine takes place from the standpoint of recognizing Ostarbeiters as victims of the Nazi and Soviet totalitarian systems. It has been studied that the problems of forced labor as a separate type of crime of the National Socialist state and the traumatic "acquisition of the homeland" by Ostarbeiter-repatriates are transmitted through individual and collective dimensions of historical memory. It is observed that the process of creating the image of forced labor in Ukrainian society is represented through research projects, memorial space, permanent museum exhibitions, museum-exhibition initiatives, feature and documentary films, thematic scientific conferences, educational events (lectures, workshops, museum lessons, school, student competitions, etc.), etc. Therefore, through research and discussion of this topic from different scientific perspectives and at different levels of society, it is possible to free oneself from the past traumatic experience.

THE MEMORY OF THE REPRESSED ACTIVISTS OF THE UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917–1921 THROUGH THE PRISM OF DECLASSIFIED ARCHIVES OF THE SOVIET SPECIAL SERVICES

Summary. The purpose of the study. The scientific article examines the impact of the process of declassification of the Soviet secret service archives on the restoration of historical memory regarding the participants of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution in 1917–1921 who lived in Volyn Voivodeship as political emigrants during the interwar period and were repressed after the establishment of Bolshevik rule. It has been proven that the declassification of archival and criminal cases against Ukrainian activists contributes to the return of their names to the public and media space. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism and verification. The study uses such methods as biographical, problem-historical, exploratory, as well as methods of microhistory and local history. The scientific novelty of the article is in the analysis of the processes of restoring the historical memory of the Ukrainian revolution activists in 1917–1921, who later became Ukrainian political emigrants in the territory of the Western Volyn, in particular Rivne region. It was found that an important impetus for this was the declassification of secret service archives and the return to public space of the names of repressed public, military and political figures. Conclusions. After the defeat of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917–1921, its military, public and political figures were forced to leave the territory of the Second Polish Republic. Some of them settled in Volyn Voivodeship, forming a group of Ukrainian political emigrants. At the first stage of World War II, they came under pressure from the NKVD, many of whom were arrested and convicted. Bolshevik propaganda called Ukrainian People՚s Republic activists "petliurists", associated them with "enemies of the people", and tried in every way to denigrate and obliterate their names.The opening of the archives of special services and the declassification of archival-criminal materials served as an impetus to restore the memory of the participants of the first national liberation fighters, return the names of repressed figures to the modern public and media space, in particular in Rivne region.

ISLAM, AGAMA TOLERANSI DAN CINTA DAMAI : (TELAAH ATAS NOVEL AYAT-AYAT CINTA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY)

Abstract
 
 Islam, religion of tolerance and love of peace is one of Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s, it is a study indicating the values ​​of love and tolerance of Islam in the modern public space area. This study used the underlying theory of the values ​​of love and tolerance as well as the role of Islam in modern times that has been developing in the public discourse that in the history of human civilization there are several things that must be understood that humans have the sense to differentiate between humans and other creatures. From this reason humans can do something to explore and explain things that are not known by others. The method that is used in data collection technique is documentation technique, because this study is descriptive qualitative. This study examines several things including the values of love and tolerance because accepting differences is a distinct pleasure for each particular societies in other words, not seeing other people as deviants or enemies but as partner to complement each other by having an equal position and equally valid and valuable as a way of managing life and living life both individually and collectively. Acceptance of differences demands changes in the legal rule in people's lives so that the role of religion in the modern public space area becomes a middle way to build diversity and a nature that must both appreciate and respect one another, this diversity is seen in the portrait of everyday life which then creates peace, and harmony in interacting with all elements of society.
 

Leading project methods of interpretation of traditional culture in formation of an artistic image of the environment (on the example of modern public interiors of Crimea)

The subject of this research is the imagery and stylistic solution of modern public interiors located on the territory of Crimea (hotels and restaurants) arranged in ethnic style. In the past decade application of the elements of traditional culture as fundamental in creation of the image of public space gained popularity, which defines the relevance of this topic. First and foremost, it is associated with the revival of interest to folk culture: authentic cuisine, folklore, surrounding environment, which in turn, is a certain response of humanity to the ongoing globalization processes. The goal of this work consists in determination of the leading project methods in creation of ethnic atmosphere of a public space on the example of objects located on the territory of Crimea. The study is based on the analysis hotels and restaurants as most expressive objects from the artistic perspective. The scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive analysis of public objects with explicit stylization of Central Asian art. Determination of artistic techniques ensures a systematic approach to the assessment of artistic value of modern public spaces. The creation of image is viewed from the perspective compositional methods, which in turn, become the basis for further design and décor of the environment. As a result, the author reveals the two leading methods in formation of the image: retrospective and authorial stylization. It is established that both method have positive and negative side with regards to perception by a recipient. Practical significance of the study consists in formation of possible evaluation categories in the analysis of creative approaches of authors towards implementation of ethnic theme in designing environments.

Analysis of the Development Management System of Public Spaces of Penza as a Mechanism of Forming a Comfortable Urban Environment

The development of a modern city is unthinkable without the reconstruction of dilapidated or construction of new buildings, the modernization of existing and the creation of modern territories and public spaces in order to increase the attractiveness of Russian settlements. It has been revealed that modern trends in the development of the urban environment are aimed at overcoming archaic associations, shaping the environment, taking into account the needs of residents. However, despite the implementation of various federal programs and regional subprograms developed on their basis to improve the quality of life of the Russian population, in each individual city in one degree or another there will be a lag behind the ideal model of comfort in the urban environment.The article presents the results of a survey of the Penza city territory. Monitoring the general state of quality of the urban environment and indicators of housing construction made it possible to identify the main problems of non-compliance with modern safety requirements, environmental friendliness, accessibility and aesthetics. Microdistricts of the city with a high, medium and low assessment of the quality of the urban environment were identified In the course of the study. Comparison of the obtained results with a more ideal model of the balance of the territory of the microdistrict has identified specific problems that reduce the overall assessment of the quality of the urban environment of Penza.The identified weaknesses in the management of the development of the city territory require the development of a system of measures aimed at improving the quality and increasing the comfort of the urban environment.

Improvement of the Street as a Factor of Economic Growth of the City (in Case of Taganrog City)

The article is devoted to the formation of a comfortable urban environment, in particular, public spaces, and its impact on the development of the city’s economy. The concept and design solutions developed in the framework of the research in Taganrog are described. An important result of the landscaping project is the establishment of historical heritage as the core of the territory’s identity and a catalyst for economic activity. With the advent of modern public space, formed around heritage sites, residents of the city are aware of their cultural and historical value. At the same time, entrepreneurs will be convinced of the possibility of commercialization of historical heritage, observing its connection with pedestrian flows and turnover of enterprises, and will be involved in the process of developing rules for organizing and using city streets. The preservation and return to the economic turnover of heritage will not be imposed, but an internal goal, shared by economically active, significantly influencing the decision-making, actors of the urban community.

КОНСТИТУТИВНЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ ГОРОДСКИХ ИНСКРИПЦИЙ

The article deals with the actual problem of identifying the constitutive features of urban inscriptions in modern public space. The definition of the concept of urban inscriptions, their basic classification (institutional and personal) and comparative analysis are introduced. Aside from that to classify constitutive signs of inscriptions the author distinguishes two groups of main characteristics: functional and structural.

Nuit électrique : atmosphères lumineuses à Montréal au XIXe siècle

In Montréal, the first public demonstration of electric lighting took place in 1879, on the Champ-de-Mars, and was coordinated with a military exercise in honour of Queen Victoria's birthday. At the end of the nineteenth century, modes of experiencing the urban environment by night changed through a series of public demonstrations. These events were ephemeral spectacles designed to expose city dwellers to the unusual effects of electric light. These early experiences with electric light gave rise to new forms of subjectivity that would later be embodied in the everyday spaces of cities. To better understand the impact of electric lighting on the constitution of modern public spaces in Montréal, this article examines the performative nature of the first demonstration in the city in 1879, the role of the main actors involved, and how it was visually represented and disseminated in the press.

Whose heritage? Determining values of modern public spaces in Canada

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the heritage value of modern public spaces designed by landscape architects in Canada. Design/methodology/approach The two-pronged research first aimed to verify if evaluation criteria currently used by heritage practitioners could apply to those public spaces. The second research area developed deals with social value. Here, the publicness of public spaces was used to broaden the scope of potential heritage values so as to include one that relates to the appreciation communicated by those who use them. Field enquiries were conducted to capture this social value. Findings The results of the enquiries demonstrate that identifying a social value can be a delicate process. Not only is it a lengthy endeavour, but opinions about the reasons why a place is important can differ amongst users. Public spaces provide us with a valuable reminder about the need to strike a balance between the evolution according to the needs and the desire of users and the conservation of traditional heritage values understood through historical associations and aesthetics. Originality/value This exploratory research was the opportunity to deepen the understanding of what is entailed when referring to social value in heritage conservation processes. It also helped to demonstrate the importance for landscape architects to integrate the field of heritage conservation. Landscape architects are natural allies with the field of heritage conservation’s new paradigm discussed in this paper by which human values are increasingly the focus of conservation instead of the fabric.

Swahili Muslim Publics and Postcolonial Experience, Kai Kresse

Reviewed by: Swahili Muslim Publics and Postcolonial Experience by Kai Kresse Nathaniel Mathews BOOK REVIEW of Kresse, Kai. 2018. Swahili Muslim Publics and Postcolonial Experience. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 237 pp. Philosopher Kai Kresse has long established himself as a skillful interpreter of Swahili intellectual discourse on the East African coast. With his latest book, he draws on and expands his earlier work to take us inside the discursive worlds of Swahiliphone Muslim intellectuals in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Kenya. He shows Swahili-speaking Kenyan Muslims wrestling with colonial and postcolonial political dynamics within multiple overlapping frameworks: a localized Swahili discursive tradition of Islamic reform with a genealogy going back to Sheikh Al-Amin Mazrui, a transregional Islamic discourse of enjoining right and forbidding wrong, and the widespread political marginalization of coastal Muslims in postcolonial Kenya. He reads and analyzes a variety of texts, including transcripts of radio broadcasts, to show how their authors tried to carve out a pious, modern public space for Muslims in Kenya, and how their sharing of Islamic knowledge aimed to shape a moral community in a context of political marginalization. This analysis highlights the division between various Muslim groups about the proper boundaries of ritual interpretation. The book is divided into two parts: "Conceptualizations" and "Readings." The latter encompasses the three-chapter heart of the book's close readings and translations and will be the focus of the remainder of this review. On the whole, Kresse is successful at showing discursive continuities in Muslim reformist discourse between the colonial and postcolonial eras. Chapter three is about the intellectual production of Sheikh Al-Amin Mazrui in 1930s Mombasa. Through a close reading of Mazrui's Sahifa newspaper, Kresse argues for understanding Al-Amin as a "colonial thinker," ambivalently placed as kadhi of Mombasa and later the whole Kenya coastal strip (a position appointed by the British) and preoccupied with internal critique of the community. Mazrui's writings in Sahifa and later al-Islah emphasize the decadence, ignorance, and complacency of coastal Muslims, ominously warning of the long-term consequences of neglect of education and the acquisition of knowledge in general. [End Page 149] Chapter four skips ahead to 1972 and examines the decade-long publication run of Sauti ya Haki, a newspaper published and edited by two of Al-Amin's students: Sheikh Muhammad Kasim Mazrui and Sheikh Abdullah Saleh Farsy. The newspaper was an intellectual heir to Al-Amin's reformist and purist ideas. The virtue of Kresse's analysis is that it reveals how the editors of Sauti ya Haki, even though writing from a postcolonial location, were still deeply implicated in the double bind of colonial modernity: on the one hand, they were at pains to show that the Quran was compatible with modern Western science (113); on the other hand, they critiqued a variety of popular healing and worship practices associated with Islam (126). Yet like Al-Amin, the editors of Sauti ya Haki saw such practices, which included amulet making and spirit possession, not as locally rooted expressions of a powerful Islamicate culture that crossed religious lines, but as a mortal threat to the integrity of Islam itself. Earlier chapters deal with print media, but chapter five analyzes Sauti ya Ruhuma, a Muslim radio program that ran from 2005 to 2007, facilitated by two figures who integrated the intellectual legacy of Islamic reform and purism with the new medium of radio: Abubakar and Stambuli openly and frankly discussed topics like terrorism and coastal political history and the marginalization of Muslims in Kenya, yet they were criticized as Salafis or Wahhabis for their reformist intellectual lineage (154). It is clear from Kresse's analysis that Muslim purist reformism continues to have significant effects locally, though it has failed to bring about the desired unity of East African Muslims. It is also clear that in the context of a global war on terror that demonizes Muslims, the intellectual lineage of purist thought is increasingly linked by others to the tacit acceptance, or even encouragement, of violence. Kresse is aware of this, and I applaud his decision to frame Stambuli's discussion of terrorism as taking seriously "the difficulty … of the internal...

KEDAI KOPI DAN KOMUNITAS SENI SEBAGAI WUJUD RUANG PUBLIK MODERN

This paper is based on research on coffee shops as a modern public space in the information age. This study tries to examine the existence of modern public space in the form of social communities along with more coffee shop emerges as new business trends in Jakarta. One of many coffee shop business is Kedai Suguh Kopi in the West Jakarta Region. In contrast to the concept of a cafe, or a coffee shop which mostly serves only coffee and stunning interior design that might lurks customer for their so-called “instagramable”, one interesting thing about this shop is that coffee is not served to release the sleepy feeling but it witness and become a reason of the birth of an art community that contains freedom of expression without pressure.

Internet as a Public Space for Freedom of Expression: Myth or Reality?

This article examines the stature of internet as a modern public space for demonstration of one’s freedom of expression. It opines that the numerous benefits internet provides as a public space for individuals’ nourishment of freedom of expression are curtailed by its private ownership. So much so, that internet is no more the open field for free expression that many predicted it would be. It further explores the approaches taken by the US and European Union in encouraging private regulators to restrict free speech rights in the online world according to their own whims. Courts’ role in this regard is explored briefly which in effect is also a mere disappointment. This article then seeks to rebut the defensive grounds taken by states and courts in failing to provide sufficient protection to fundamental freedoms in the internet arena. While arguing the importance of cyberspace as a genuine forum for public discourse of present century, it would be asserted that internet should also be regulated by free speech principles and protected by human rights regimes. It has all the elements of a ‘public sphere’ so it should be given the same level of protection as provided in the offline world.

Rethinking young children’s digital game play outside of the home as a means of coping with modern life

ABSTRACTThis study explores young children’s digital game play outside of the home as a means of surviving and thriving in modern spaces that limit young children’s participation by looking at four digital game-playing three-year-old children. In this ethnographic study, critical theory is used to examine how modern public spaces (e.g., a grocery market, a beauty salon, a kid’s club in a gym) function to control young children’s participation. This study sheds light on the way we view young children’s digital game-playing spaces and argues that young children’s digital game play in public spaces serves as a useful tactic for them to negotiate with public regulations, constraints, and their daily schedules.