Modern Public Space Research Articles

Noblessner District in Tallinn: Recycling the Pasts to Discover the Futures

This article analyses strategies for revitalisation of Tallinn’s industrial heritage and reflects on the reuses of history from the late Russian Empire to the Soviet period, referring to the case of the Noblessner district, one of the country's most vibrant and rapidly developing seafront quarters. Contemporary Noblessner advertising promises a European dream city with hipster cafes, galleries, and loft-style art studios located in former shipyards; a promenade along the Baltic Sea coast, trendy business spaces, and residential blocks offered for those who appreciate nature, art, and style (Noblessner.ee, 2024).The Noblessner quarter gives an example of successful transformation of a neglected industrial site into a modern public space with high potential for further development. By referring exclusively to the most attractive moments of its history and by recycling them into attractions, Noblessner creates new narratives of its own urban biography that can be safely projected into the future, and which leave no room for ambiguous interpretations. Therefore, the revitalisation project of the Noblessner district avoids citing controversial episodes from its history, developing a space, in which the past is presented selectively. Noblessner's biography is not introduced as a continuous historical narrative, it is fragmentated and recycled into an appealing wrapping that can attract investors, visitors, and residents. In recent years, Noblessner has become the site of numerous contacts: commercial, artistic, public, and private, which create a space that is representative of the whole Estonia. However, Noblessner's history is still unknown to most of its visitors and residents. It was muted during the Soviet regime, and has not yet been visibly integrated into the revived space.

The Ipiranga Society of Rio de Janeiro: tensions and limits of the emergence of gradual abolitionist associativism in Imperial Brazil (1855-1863)

The article deals with the Ipiranga Society (SI) of Rio de Janeiro, dedicated to the celebration of national independence through the granting of manumissions and its relationship with slavery. It seeks to understand whether there was abolitionism in the practices of the IS and how to characterize it. In broader terms, the relationship between slavery and the constitution of modern public space in mid-nineteenth-century Brazil is discussed, assessing its potentialities and limitations. The ambiguities of the IS’s practices of gradual abolitionism, their unfolding at the national and transnational levels, as well as the internal tensions within the association that led to the end of such practices, reinforced by state intervention, through the application of the “law of obstacles” of 1860, are indicated.

The Ipiranga Society of Rio de Janeiro: tensions and limits of the emergence of gradual abolitionist associativism in Imperial Brazil (1855-1863)

The article deals with the Ipiranga Society (SI) of Rio de Janeiro, dedicated to the celebration of national independence through the granting of manumissions and its relationship with slavery. It seeks to understand whether there was abolitionism in the practices of the IS and how to characterize it. In broader terms, the relationship between slavery and the constitution of modern public space in mid-nineteenth-century Brazil is discussed, assessing its potentialities and limitations. The ambiguities of the IS’s practices of gradual abolitionism, their unfolding at the national and transnational levels, as well as the internal tensions within the association that led to the end of such practices, reinforced by state intervention, through the application of the “law of obstacles” of 1860, are indicated.

Design Methods of Monumental and Decorative Art in Modern Public Spaces of the Chinese Underground System

Monumental and decorative artworks within the underground system constitute an integral component of its public domain. They serve not only as means of embellishing the underground space but also as signifi cant channels for the inheritance of urban culture and the demonstration of the city’s image. The development of Chinese monumental and decorative artworks within the underground surged at the outset of this century. However, the price of such rapid advancement was the sacrifi ce of artistry and uniqueness, precipitating a crisis of characteristic features in underground stations. Therefore, this article synthesises the design methodologies of Chinese monumental and decorative artworks within the underground based on an analysis of successful exemplars.

Keep Halal Bro: Analyze the Interplay Between Social Networking and Café Cultures Toward Islamic Self-Conception among Muslim Youth in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia

This article discusses the relationship between Muslims, cafes, and social media. Although cafes are constructed as modern public spaces and are considered "non-Islamic," it does not mean they have no connection with Islam. Therefore, this article seeks to answer questions about the nature of the relationship between Islam, cafes, and social media. Additionally, it explores the extent to which young Muslims access cafes and how they construct their identities of piety and youthfulness in cafes and online spaces. To address these questions, the author's teams conducted fieldwork in several cafes in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Subsequently, the authors conducted observations and interviews with cafe owners and several young individuals using a narrative approach. This research indicates that cafes have become comfortable spaces for young Muslims. They negotiate their Islamic identity with the modern identities present in cafes. The formation of youthful identities is also inseparable from the use of social media among young people. These findings deconstruct the long-held view held by some scholars or communities that cafes are considered public spaces disconnected from Islam.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗОНУВАННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ. НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ЛЬВОВА

The article is devoted to the research of problems of the functional and planning structure of existing objects of publicly accessible public spaces within the university campuses of the city of Lviv and identifying the main trends in their design and successful functioning. Based on the analysis of the scientific publications and studies that related to this topic, the main aspects of the formation of public space at the universities were presented. Thousands of students enter the universities of Ukraine every year, and all of them daily use the public spaces next to the university buildings, which are the important places for social interaction and communication of students. It is worth noting that the main criterion for the success of public university spaces is the high intensity of their use, which is determined in foreign experience by the involvement of catering and trade establishments in the functional filling of campuses. There are an important arguments, the everyday access and working mode without days off, a large number of incoming groups and to use educational zones with flexible planning in planning structure. While the domestic public spaces at universities operate sporadically, the first floors are equipped with one entrance group, which reduces the number of pedestrian transit connections with the building, and outdated approaches are used to design even modern university public spaces for students. A field survey and analysis of the territory of the academic campuses of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Gzhitskyi Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Lviv State University of Life Safety of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine was conducted. The main shortcomings of the functioning and operation of these territories were identified and highlighted.

Cultural landscape design on anxiety disorders of students in public space design

BackgroundThe anxiety disorder among students in modern public space design has become a common phenomenon, which can affect their learning efficiency and life health. Therefore, it is necessary to study the theoretical basis of environmental psychology on the relationship between environment and anxiety and explore the impact of humanistic environmental landscape design on modern public space design students’ anxiety disorders from the perspective of psychology.Subjects and MethodsThe study used a questionnaire survey method to collect environmental factors that trigger students’ anxiety and obtained a ranking of the importance of environmental factors through quantitative analysis. The impact of environmental characteristics such as physical environment, visual landscape, and spatial scale of buildings on students’ anxiety disorders was analyzed through on-site research. The effectiveness of humanistic environmental landscape design from the perspective of psychology was tested using the Svell building ventilation software in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Simultaneously using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) to detect students’ anxiety.ResultsFrom the perspective of psychology, the humanistic concept of odor, ventilation, and heat and humidity has been optimized and designed to create a spatial environment conducive to alleviating students’ anxiety. It can effectively reduce anxiety caused by poor ventilation and prevent aggravation of anxiety due to high humidity and odors.ConclusionsThe humanistic concept of environmental landscape design from the perspective of psychology has a positive impact on students’ anxiety disorders in modern public space design.AcknowledgementThe 2021 Fujian Provincial Education and Research Project for Middle and Young Teachers (Technology) (No. JAT210571).

Library Transformation in the Digital Age

Background and objectives: Library has entered a new phase in midst of a society currently in the digital native era. However, instead of being prepared for the transformation, the library is faced with a never-ending dilemma. Therefore, it’s important to know the extent to which the public requires this transformation. This can be seen through the discourses that appear on social media. 
 Methods: The method used is Teun A. van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) which analyzes text, social cognition and social context. Data was collected from the Brand24 website using library as keyword and the final data found comprises 6 texts from social media twitter, 61 texts from news, 7 texts from blogs and 8 texts from websites.
 Results: Discourse on social media has shifted to no longer talk about conventional libraries which are only limited to narrow spaces reserved for bookworms. Discourses that appear on social media about libraries have undergone a transformation which is seen as a public space that has very broad and unlimited functions. 
 Conclusions: Based on the review and analysis of the data, it was concluded that the current public discourse has shifted towards no longer comparing libraries with more modern public spaces, but instead focuses on how libraries can transform to accommodate the needs of society in this era of digital natives.

Improving the Environmental Health Benefits of Modern Community Public Spaces: Taking the Renovation of Residential Facades as an Example

The complications and sequelae of COVID-19 have jeopardized the well-being of residents, hindering community sustainability. Experiencing positive emotions can mitigate or counteract the negative effects of some diseases, but modern residential facades cannot effectively stimulate positive emotions among residents. Traditional culture influences people’s emotional responses. However, it is unclear what the result would be if traditional architectural patterns, one of the symbols of traditional culture, were redecorated as modern residential facades. Therefore, this paper used questionnaire research to collect data from residents of the Zhouxinyuan community in Wuxi on different types of traditional architectural patterns in assessing architectural aesthetics (N = 365) and health benefits (N = 154), using the Wilcoxon signed rank test to analyze the data for variance. The results indicate that modern residential facades decorated with traditional architectural patterns were more consistent with residents’ visual preferences and more likely to stimulate positive emotions than existing residential facades. Most importantly, modern residential facades decorated with traditional architectural patterns showed higher health benefits, especially in calming emotions (mean = 5, SD = 1.033). Based on these findings and the theory of positive experience, this paper constructs a conceptual framework for modern community public space renovation that contributes to improving the health benefits of modern communities. The framework can mitigate or counteract the complications or sequelae of the pandemic, contributing to the sustainable development of modern community public space environmental systems.

Legal grounds and limits of judicial discretion in the criminal law of the Russian Federation

The presented material analyzes the theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of "judicial discretion" and considers the problems of the grounds and limits of judicial discretion in the implementation of legal proceedings in the Russian Federation at the present stage. It is shown that informatization and digitalization are two processes in the modern public space, which entailed a significant expansion of the spheres of life of the society that are included in the sphere of legal regulation. As a result, the quantitative component of legislative acts issued by the lawmaker is increasing dramatically. However, it has to be stated that these acts are often discretionary in nature. Consequently, legal conflicts provoke a number of negative factors, in particular, difficulties in law enforcement, including the work of the judiciary. In this regard, it is judicial discretion that becomes the significant factor that contributes to the effective and, not least, timely overcoming of legal gaps.

ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВА В СТРУКТУРЕ МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ МОЛОДЕЖНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ

The article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of designing domestic and foreign public spaces in the structure of multifunctional youth complexes. The relevance of the topic is justified by the fact that modern public spaces are multifunctional objects in which leisure, cultural, educational and other activities of young people can be implemented. The article determines the types of public spaces such as sports grounds, amphitheater, atrium, fab lab, eco-space, assembly hall, Blackbox multifunctional hall in youth complexes, studies the functional composition and planning structure of public spaces, as well as the ways to organize various events and highlights the ways of interaction of public spaces with the structure of the youth complex. The elements of improvement are integrated into the structure of the complex. Public spaces can be the main function of the complex (fab lab, Blackbox hall), recreational and communication (atrium) or secondary (amphitheater, eco-space). Eco-spaces, presented in the form of urban farms, "green" laboratories are of particular interest. The article shows the specificity of foreign public spaces, which is in interactivity, multifunctionality, versatility, innovative solutions, the use of "green technologies", modern materials and design solutions and reveals the problems in architectural and planning solutions of domestic public spaces such as standard solutions, monofunctionality. The development of architectural and planning solutions for public spaces in the structure of multifunctional youth complexes in accordance with the interests of young people will allow developing various scenarios such as training, self-education, communication, entertainment.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ ПРОСТОРІВ СУБУРБІЇ НА ПРИКЛАДІ СЕЛИЩА КОЦЮБИНСЬКЕ

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the modern public spaces of the suburbs of Kyiv on the example of the village of Kotsiubynske, Buchanskyi district, Kyiv region, and to formulate practical recommendations for the development of community centers in the village. Methodology of work. The research involves the presence of theoretical and applied blocks. The first is aimed at defining the essence of the suburb as a modern dominant type of suburban spaces of large cities, researching the theory and methodology of transformations of suburban spaces, the formation of public centers, the evolution of their function, weight, etc. The application block provides a description of modern practices of the suburban lifestyle of residents on the example of the village of Kotsiubynske, an assessment of the results of a sociological survey regarding the prospects for the transformation of public spaces in the village. The research is based on general scientific methods, namely, analysis and synthesis, descriptive, analytical methods. Among the special methods, the method of comparative geographical analysis, cartographic, sociological (survey method) were used. Scientific novelty. The essence and content of the concept of public spaces are highlighted, their structural forms and types are defined, the general requirements for planning decisions of public centers are considered, the public centers of the village of Kotsiubynske, Buchanskyi district, Kyiv region are defined and characterized, and their transformations are revealed on the basis of the conducted monitoring studies of self-organization on the suburb level. Practical meaning. The research has a clearly delineated applied nature, since the results of the work form proposals for the transformation of each public space of the city from the standpoint of its importance for the residents of the village, comfort and accessibility.

Sufism and the Contention of Value in the Public Space

Contention of discourse does dominate the feature of our modern public space. But contention of value, while it is subtle and may not be discernable, is more essential. What appears at the surface is actually the result of what happens within. This paper discusses the problem of value contention in the public space, particularly by giving attention to the way that Sufism’s value may be involved in it. It brings forward multiple premises. On the one hand, it argues against the Western proposition that public space, especially in its rational and critical form, can only emerge in the Western setting. On the other, it problematizes the so-called Islamic public space that, while it is rational and critical, becomes a battlefield like a sphere to which religious values fall victim. In this whole situation -the paper argues- Sufi strategy to stay away from public space while at the same time making an internal consolidation to preserve its ontological security, is the proper way. Sufism itself became a victim of the free public space when it is involved directly in it, especially where secularism and liberalism prevail. Various new forms of Sufism, such as neo-sufism, hybrid-sufism, urban-sufism, and the like, are not expression of its ability to adapt to new situation but a manifestation of its failure to preserve its essence.

Effect of the spatial form of Jiangnan traditional villages on microclimate and human comfort

The spatial form of a village can affect human comfort by changing microclimatic conditions, which in turn can affect the health of residents. The architectural forms of traditional Jiangnan villages have been adapted to local environmental and landscape characteristics, creating optimal thermal comfort conditions. However, these traditional forms are being lost in China's rapid drive toward urbanization and modernization, resulting in built environments that offer far less thermal comfort. To explore the elements of traditional adaptation, we conducted microclimate research in Shecun Village, Nanjing, and examined how the form of the surrounding landscape influenced the spatial layout of village streets and public spaces. Air temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed were measured at locations around the village and were compared to similar data collected from a meteorological station in urban Nanjing. Based on these data, ENVI-met software was used to create a numerical simulation to demonstrate the relationship between the spatial forms of traditional Jiangnan villages and local microclimate factors. We found that the average physiological equivalent temperature (PET) values of all measurement points in the village in the summer were between 42°C and 48°C, and those in the winter were between 17°C and 20°C. In general, the thermal comfort in the winter was better than that in the summer, and the overall middle-level climate environment of the village in the winter and summer was comfortable. The PET values at different points followed the order of building complex space (MP1, 3 and 5) > vegetation space (MP2) > water space (MP4). The PET value was positively correlated with comfort sensation in winter, but this value had the opposite correlation in the summer. The average value of PET at the vegetation space was 3.18°C higher than that at the water space in the winter, which showed that the water body was beneficial for thermal comfort in the summer, but was the opposite in the winter. These results showed that the traditional village site selection in accordance with local conditions, made use of the surrounding landscape environment to provide villages with a more comfortable and pleasant living environment. This information provides a useful reference for the design of modern public spaces.

ПАРАМЕТРИ МОДАЛЬНОСТІ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИХ ТЕКСТІВ

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of the study is to clarify the concept of modality in the theory of social communications and information activities, characterize the modality parameters of official business texts and update the understanding of this category in business public space as a tool for conveying information.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> Methods of analysis and synthesis, </em><em>data systematization and their interpretation were used to study the modality of official business texts. A review of the literature on the study of modality is made, the question of multidisciplinarity of the analyzed phenomenon is raised, as well as approaches to the study of modality in the field of social communications are characterized. The content of official business texts of public space was involved in the analysis.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, the approaches to understanding the category of modality in public official business texts are updated, its types and forms of expression are characterized. Objective and subjective modalities, formal manifestations of its implementation are described. In the public sphere, through official business texts, the objective modality of the real world is expressed, except for documents that include hypothetical/ probable/ future considerations, such as a work plan or development strategy. These documents describe the pseudo-real world, on the one hand, and on the other – capture specific thoughts at a particular time of reality, ie refer to texts that denote the reality with signatures, dates, seals. Modal meanings are used in the texts of official business documents to emphasize the imperative nature of the message, to capture the truth as accurately as possible, to motivate the recipient to take action, or vice versa – to deter violations through instructions, rules, regulations.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The results of the research can be used in the study of courses in «Journalism» and «Information Business» on questions of surveying the properties of public information, understanding its potential and methods of implementation, as well as </em><em>by practitioners of the information sphere to understand the tools of reproduction and assessment of reality in modern public space.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words:</em></strong><em> modality, official business text, subjective modality, objective modality.</em></p>

Is public sphere secular by principle?

The article critically examines the place of religion in modern conceptions of public space and asks whether the modern public space is “secular” in principle and what it means. Questioning the place of religious communities, traditions and claims in a public sphere clearly hinges on the conception of public sphere. The answer given will depend on the perspective we adopt, whether it is a normative perspective, a critical anthropological perspective and a philosophical-historical perspective. The article examines three answers that stand for three different perspectives and that are the following: Yes, No, and a qualified Yes. While each of perspectives defines the place of religion differently, the article retraces the evolution of a dialogue over the last twenty years. The tendency is to recognise the place of religion while adapting the notion of public sphere from secular and exclusive to post-secular and inclusive, while retaining the crucial normative aspect that public space holds for a democratic society.

Defensive landscape architecture in modern public spaces


 
 
 
 By 2030, we should have universal access to safe, inclusive, and accessible green and public places, especially for women and children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, according to the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the increasing privatisation of land and gentrification of the urban landscape is putting a limit on the amount of public space available for people to express themselves and use the city as they desire. This paper investigates and reviews the literature on defensive architecture, as well as its historical foundations, definitions, implementation, and reason for existence. The findings provide a clear reflection on the growing awareness of extreme defensive landscape architecture typologies such as spikes and other aggressive measures. Finally, the paper offers worldwide best-practice examples and recommendations for ensuring inclusion and safety in public spaces. We argue that in order to design sustainable public spaces, a holistic approach that considers both intangible values and social inclusion is required.
 
 
 

Walking as a cultural practice of perceiving of the city space through corporeity (based on the work of Michel de Certeau “Walking the City”)

The topicality of the work is determined by the need to expand the theoretical base of the Ukrainian urbanism and the formation of the own problems of cultural studies of urban space.
 The purpose of the article is to comprehend the aspect of corporeity in the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk (based on the work “Walking the City”) as a cultural practice.
 The methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the source base and scientific literature with the help of comparative analysis, semiotic and hermeneutic methods, as well as with the involvement of phenomenological and biographical approaches. Generalization was carried out using the modeling method within the framework of the cultural approach.
 The results. The peculiarities of the concept of Michel de Certeau’s walk as a form of attracting the subject of culture to the urban space are revealed. The walk is investigated as a cultural practice of urban space assimilation, realization of active civil position and formation of individuality. It is shown that corporeity acts as a way of interacting the subject of culture with the space of the city. It is shown that the subject’s corporeity combines spatial and semiotic practices of assimilation of urban space. Actions to form a symbolic dimension of the culture of the city are shown as equivalent to the practices of spatial activities of the subject. It is noted that the cultural practice of Michel de Certeau’s walk becomes consonant to the mechanics of forming the image of the city of Kevin Lynch. It is emphasized that the combination of spatial and semiotic practices in the activity of the subject leads to the formation of the cultural space of the city. The cultural practice of walking in Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” is shown as a form of subject integration into the city space. The isolation of the aspect of corporeity made it possible to see the walk as a holistic form of the subject’s activity, which combines spatial actions with practical assimilation of the city together with practices of constructing the image of the city. The formation of the culture of the city, therefore, is determined by the intensity of the subject’s practices in it.
 The scientific novelty. In this study for the first time we have explored the concept of Michel de Certeau’s “Walking the City” as a cultural practice. Also for the first time the corporeity aspect of the walk as a form of assimilation of the city space by the subject of culture is studied.
 The practical significance. The results of the study can be used in teaching courses on city culture, urban studies, museumification of urban space, corporeity of culture, semiotics of culture. Also scientific achievements can be included into urban projects of modern public spaces of residential areas of Ukrainian cities with the involvement of civil activists and local residents.

GROWTH OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

The subject of the study. In an open economy, achieving a high level of development of an inclusive society, strong institutions and healthy, educated and socially adapted, constituent people, the nation will flourish, which is the basis of social capital, which through the formation and support of social relations aims to create social good and increase welfare, based on mutual social relations and trust, affects the development of the economy, namely, it promotes the creation of new forms of business financing and reduces transaction costs, improves the investment process of the enterprise, and controls the corruption of government and civil servants. Socio-economic relations and interactions not only of economic entities, but also of individual structures, organizations or individuals create the need to address and use social capital, combining concepts such as trust, values, social ties and norms, as well as to study and analyze their role in economic development. Research methodology. The purpose of the work and research in the article is to analyze previous, already formed theories and existing world practices of the modern vision of this direction. The article explores the formation and rapid development of social capital and its integral components (trust, norms, networks and social structures). The article considers the methodological basis for the formation of social capital: different definitions of this category, structural analysis and disclosure of the interaction of all areas of research, the relationship with the socio-economic phenomena of our time, traced the attempt of a comprehensive view of social communication as one of the tools of social capital in the formation of modern public space. Purpose and conclusions of the study. Social capital has been on everyone's lips for a long time, but the new life and the need to study and disseminate its possibilities, with subsequent use, has recently been widely publicized, gradually developing with its research papers and directions. Social capital affects the conditions, efficiency and productivity of economic activity, which contributes to the well-being and prosperity of society, which in turn increases the standard of living of people. which is the main task of today.

Public Space Humanized Transformation of Community Based on Depthmap

With the rapid development of urban modernization in China, residents are paying more and more attention to the quality of outdoor public space. Aiming at insufficient aspects of modern community public space design, this paper investigates mingshihuafu community in Hengyang City by means of questionnaire and field interview and summarizes the relevant factors that affect human activities. From the perspective of spatial fabric, this paper will use the space syntax software Depthmap to analysis the humanization demand of the community public space quantitatively and put forward the humanized transformation design strategy of modern community public space, hopping to enhance the vitality of modern community, improve the living environment, and provide reference of the transformation design for the existing community public space in China.