Modern Political Processes Research Articles

Interethnic communications in the formation and implementation of state information policy

The article examines the problems of interethnic communications in the context of changing state information policy and from the point of view of the increasing impact of mass media on social processes in the world. The author introduces the concept of pseudo-communication used by subjects of the global information space, in particular, within the framework of information confrontation. Analyzing the space of political communication, the author draws attention to its saturation with information noise, verbal aggression, which creates problems and barriers in the process of communication between states. These problems are no less characteristic of interethnic communications, that is, for the processes of interaction with certain ethnic groups or between them. Noting the growth of the ethnic factor in modern political processes, the author calls for taking into account the range of problems inherent in interethnic communications at the present stage of their development, in the formation and practical implementation of the state information policy, which should respond to the needs and interests of society, taking into account the cultural and ethnic diversity of its representatives.

INTERDEPENDENCE OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGES: RISCOGENIC POTENTIAL

The article considers the risk-generating potential of changes occurring in the subsystems of modern social systems in their interaction with the natural and spiritual environment. The systemic representation of the structure of social systems developed by T. Parsons is used. The risks associated with global processes that conflict with the established approaches to the organization of material production and reproduction of cultural samples are shown. An analysis of the risks associated with the discrepancy between the interests of the groups of the social subsystem formed in the process of functioning of the economic subsystem and the cultural subsystem is given. The functions of the political subsystem to reduce the severity of these risks are revealed, as well as the risks arising in connection with the ineffective performance of these functions by the political system. Conclusions are formulated based on the analysis of modern political processes in Russia and the West. It is shown that there are objective and subjective factors reducing the effectiveness of the performance of the main functions by the subsystems of society, giving rise to significant risks of its destabilization.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES IN THE RETROSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT

The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations of public administration, which determined its evolution from the idea of management as a hierarchically organised system to the concept of a network structure of interaction between public, private and non-governmental organisations. Approaches to understanding the subject of public administration science, its content and place among other social sciences are analysed. It is proved that the network approach is currently the most effective methodology for analysing the modern political process. The author emphasises that under the influence of the information technologies, the very nature of the State as the most important political and legal institution is changing, and its functions are being redistributed at the supranational and subnational levels.

The relationship of legal science, education, and practice: finding a balance between fundamental legal education and practical skills

The article examines the concept of legal science, education and practice in the context of their interaction. It is noted that the main task of the domestic system of higher legal education is to find a balance between fundamental theoretical training and practical skills. Some types of legal practice require thorough knowledge in the field of both national and international law. Many universities focus on studying the legislation of other countries and foreign languages. In addition, modern political processes require revision of work programs of disciplines, for example, related to the activities of international organizations. For the future professional, we consider it important not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge and mechanical skills, but also to form legal thinking (develop analysis, argumentation, decision-making, responsibility). It is emphasized that the changes in the field of legal education are enshrined in the Report of the European Commission on Ukraine’s progress towards joining the EU, which was published in November 2023. Among other things, there are requirements: to clearly distinguish between legal education and personnel training for law enforcement agencies; strengthen law school admission requirements and law school licensing requirements; introduce a transparent distribution of state orders; review educational programs with an emphasis on ethics, practical training, EU law and international exchanges; implement EDKI. When modernizing legal education, it is also important to pay attention to the learning process, in particular, it is necessary to diversify the activities of students. In addition to traditional lectures, seminars and the previously mentioned practices, the experience of writing coursework and final qualification papers, participation in model processes is important for future lawyers, as this allows for the formation of a general and legal culture of writing and speech, a legal position in a case and the skills of conducting a discussion. It is concluded that new legal mechanisms are being formed in modern Ukraine, which is manifested, in particular, in active law-making, qualitative changes are taking place in legal awareness, including professional awareness. Under such conditions, professional legal education, which involves the formation of students’ practical skills, becomes invaluable. While preserving the training of professionals for a narrow field of legal activity, university education on the basis of domestic and European legal science should be developed at the same time. A university student will be able to become a good specialist only if he studies legal concepts, categories, constructions and ways of their expression in various legal realities. Such knowledge will not become obsolete in a few years, even if the current legislation changes.

Current state of the political culture of Afghanistan

The article is devoted to one of the important issues of the development of the political space, political system, political life, and ideological and cultural structure of modern Afghan society. The article attempts to analyze and discuss various aspects of the current state of the political culture of Afghanistan. The main attention is paid to the attitude of citizens to politics and the political regime of the Taliban (organization banned in Russia). Afghanistan’s current political culture is based on the models and values of the Taliban government. They rely on traditionalist political models. The implementation of modern political processes, such as elections, is not far from being able to question the power of representatives. It can be argued that political culture is the link between people and political power. The main task of political culture is to include people in the political system of society and political activities. Political culture is a system of political knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values, as well as political activities of political subjects. For example, political culture manifests itself differently in different social groups and communities, political movements, and individuals. The study of the current state of the political culture of Afghanistan allows us to conclude that today the level of conflict is quite high, the mood of the Afghan society is at a disorganized level. A controversial political culture prevails in Afghan society. This conflict can be seen in social differences, institutional weakness, society’s distrust of functioning authority, and cultural differences.

Rethinking the concept of “Public” in colonial South Malabar, Kerala, India

This article looks at the structure of “public” and its meanings in colonial South Malabar. What factors influence various social groups to engage with colonial public and unfold as key political players? How did upper caste-dominated colonial publics affect local political contexts? Why were certain social groups silenced as other groups were overwhelmingly favored in colonial publics? By analyzing the case of Kalpathy struggles in Palakkad, this paper brings the nuances of how claims for public were articulated, the responses of the state and nationalist movement, regional politics, and contestations. This essay demonstrates how the modern political process facilitates the formation of groups into political subjectivities, as well as how they influence exclusionary community power structures.

Трансформация политической идентичности в информационном обществе: пределы и противоречия

The article deals with the transformation of political identity and elite consciousness in the modern world. The dynamics of political identification processes in the conditions of development of information exchange of network type is problematized. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the political identification process under the influence of the newest forms and practices of digital communication. Its achievement is connected with the solution of two main tasks: 1) exposition of the modern political process and its key components (identity of the political ruling “class”, its elite self-consciousness) in the context of the development of information society, multiply increased intensity of urbanization processes; 2) study of the transformation of the process of political self-determination in the conditions of involvement of political subjects and structure in the information interaction of network type, dominating at the current stage of civilizational development. The change in the practice of political thinking and political legitimization of elites is considered in the context of urbanization processes and the development of the corresponding type of network urban “chronotope”.

Problems of state policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of professional orientation

Relevance. The professional orientation of Kazakh youth (students and schoolchildren) and the influence of state educational and personnel policy on the formation of future qualified workers is a pertinent issue. This relevance is underscored by modern political and social processes aimed at the democratization of Kazakh society, the formation of a new education system based on global teaching quality standards, and the utilization of information technology advancements. These factors significantly impact the population's career choices and overall employment. Purpose. The research aims to conduct a deep and comprehensive analysis of vocational guidance issues among students. It examines this element as a means to mitigate the shortage of qualified personnel in Kazakhstan, considering the current educational and social policies. The study also explores the use of software technologies and new teaching methods to enhance vocational guidance for students and schoolchildren. Methodology. The results were obtained from surveys of university students and experts, and a content analysis of state documents, regulations, publications, and statistical data. Results. The research identified unresolved problems in the vocational guidance system for children and youth, affecting career choices and personnel policy effectiveness. Addressing these issues requires educational reforms, enhanced educator competencies, and additional resources for pedagogical, educational, and scientific activities. The article presents recommendations to elevate Kazakhstan's education system, aiming to improve employment, form new qualified personnel, and develop scientific and teaching activities in remote regions. Conclusions. The study concludes that there is a critical need for targeted reforms and investments in vocational guidance and education. Improving the education system will help address the shortage of qualified workers, support the development of new teaching methodologies, and promote scientific activities, thereby contributing to the overall socio-economic growth of Kazakhstan. Keywords: professional self-determination; employment of the population; higher education; distance learning

Conceptualization of information warfare in the context of the development of modern social networks

In this paper, the author examines the main theoretical directions in the study of information wars as a phenomenon of the modern political process in the world. Much attention is paid to the analysis of domestic approaches to determining the components of information wars, their goal-setting and mechanisms. Separately, the paper examines the phenomenon of social networks as the most important component of information warfare. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the increasing use of political propaganda in today's informational and increasingly digitalised world. The paper operationalises the concepts of "information warfare" and "political propaganda", studies technologies and methods of political influence, factors and stages of development of political propaganda, and describes the role of social networks as tools of political propaganda. As a result of the conducted research, the close relationship between social networks and information warfare technologies was confirmed. This is facilitated by the following factors: a large number of users, lack of control over the virtual space, imitation of real communication by virtual. The study conceptualised the main concepts in the works of Russian scholars to analyse the use of social networking technologies in political propaganda and information warfare. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the the fact that in the modern information and increasingly digitalizing world. The paper operationalizes the concepts of "information warfare" and "political propaganda", examines technologies and methods of political influence, factors and stages of development of political propaganda, and describes the role of social networks as tools of political propaganda.  

Modern political processes and mechanisms to ensure geoecological safety and sustainability of the Northern Caspian Region (by the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation)

The article examines a set of issues of geo-ecological safety of the Northern Caspian Sea as the most important ecological zone of the Caspian Sea. This sector is under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, has a common political, socio-economic and environmental problems that determine the unity of vision of the diversity of interrelated components of the environment. The growing activity of the countries of the Caspian region, associated with the development of natural resource and transport and communication potentials, is accompanied by an increase in the violation of the ecological balance. Preservation of the integrity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea is possible through the formation of a single economic space. Modern approaches are outlined on the basis of the use of comparative, structural and functional research methods, as well as the development of political and environmental mechanisms for studying the most important factors and conditions according to the criteria of commonality of homogeneous components of the natural environment and resource base, political and other conditions. The program management of these processes is predicted by the author both on an interstate basis and at the national level. As a result of the analysis, the political mechanism for ensuring the geo-environmental security of the Northern Caspian is considered, which is characterized by a complex of regional features, the main of which is the recognition of the unity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.

Modern political processes in Azerbaijan, a new political configuration

Modern political processes in Azerbaijan, a new political configuration

ФЕМІНІСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ІНСТИТУТІВ: ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РОЛІ ЖІНОК ПОЛІТИЦІ ТА В ІНСТИТУЦІЯХ ВЛАДИ

The article substantiates that the issue of gender equality has always been relevant for the world, it concerns all spheres of human life. But the political sphere acquires special importance — how gender equality develops in it, what it imagines, what tasks and goals it sets before itself, what challenges it faces. According to international standards, men and women have equal rights to full participation in all aspects of the political process. However, in practice, it is much more difficult for women to fully enjoy these rights and the war in Ukraine poses new important challenges related to the implementation of both active and passive suffrage. The purpose of the article is to study the role of women in the modern political process and the functioning of power institutions based on the application of a gender approach to the analysis of political institutions. As a result of the research, it is substantiated that the political discourse about the place of individual identities among institutionalized practices of social and political interaction can transform institutional framework of the political system and to determine the status of the state as a key institution in the political system of the society and an actor in international politics. Ensuring gender equality for the active participation in various political institutions (from NGOs to political parties and state authorities) is one of the typical types of evidence of the political system democratization. The growing number of empirical investigations in Ukraine and the world contributed to the formation of a separate direction of scientific research — feminist institutionalism, which develops within the framework of the worldview and methodological guidelines of the new institutionalism of political science.

Involving Youth in the Development of Civil Society in Ukraine by Applying Mechanisms of Information Communication and Control in Times of War

The author of the study developed a structural-functional model of the development of civil society in Ukraine, taking into account the directions of active participation of young people in the modern political process and public life. This structural-functional model provides for establishing complex relations between youth as an active part of Ukrainian society and state and local self-government bodies in order to ensure an effective state-building process, stimulate volunteerism and participation of civil society organizations in socio-economic development and ensure the national security of Ukraine in conditions of European integration and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The elements of the proposed system - the structural-functional model, are information communication, political, legal, organizational control mechanisms as well as mechanism of managing the development of education and science. The author concludes that the activation of civil society in Ukraine and the strengthening of its role and importance in social and political life in 2014-2015, as well as in 2022 after the full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine is a decisive positive factor in improving the information communication, and control mechanisms of civil society development.

Вызовы Агоры цифрового общества

The article attempts to use the theory of conceptual metaphor to compare distant communicative practices of Ancient Greece and modern times. The author interprets digital communications and social media as Digital Agora, or Agora 2.0. Just as during ancient times the influence of the Agora made the Athenian aristocracy reckon with the demos, the influence of social media has significantly reshaped the modern political process, limiting the former capabilities of the elites. The use of the conceptual metaphor of Agora 2.0 allows the author to clarify similarities in the functioning of open communication systems, within which the mass dissemination of persuasive fake news and/or foreign interference in the electoral process turn out to be essentially insurmountable. Societies have to adapt in order to compensate for the potentially destructive effects of agorocentric structures. According to the author, it is still an open question of whether the Digital Agora will cope with numerous challenges, or whether the trends causing irreparable damage to democratic institutions will prevail. When examining a potential response to the challenges posed by the existence of the Digital Agora, the author makes use of a biological metaphor of an immune response, employing it to analyze most probable scenarios — from a radical ban on the Agora 2.0’s very infrastructure to the introduction of subtle homogenizing institutions that prevent the unchecked growth of populist influence.

Inheritance of power in the 21st century: legal mechanisms for the transfer of presidential powers to controlled viceroys and family members in authoritarian regimes

This study investigates the prevalence of presidential clans in authoritarian regimes, particularly in Central Asian countries, and their impact on political processes and power transitions. Different methodological approaches were used to study the role of the president, differentiate between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, and analyze post-Soviet clan communities. The research found that the governmental form influences the president's functions and powers, and that institutional reforms and elections in authoritarian regimes often serve to legitimize elite agreements. The study also examined power transitions in post-Soviet Central Asia, noting the importance of informal agreements and historical traditions in maintaining balance of power. However, it was revealed that the practice of transferring power within presidential clans hinders modern political processes and state development. The experience of power transitions in countries like Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan were considered, each exhibiting unique risks and advantages related to succession or dynastic inheritance. It was found that the elites of the post-Soviet republics operate based on traditions and historically formed the mechanism of power, which has become a key aspect in determining the balance of power. The practical value of the identified results is to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the transit of power, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

Media positioning of political elites in modern political process

The growth of the role and infl uence of political elites on the course of political processes is analyzed. Dependence on electronic media leads to large-scale consequences for the characteristics, organization, and goals of political processes, institutions, and political elites. The power of mass media networks, which act both asa means and as a result of globalization, enables them to overcome any boundaries and obstacles. Therefore, it is important to study the peculiarities of mass media positioning of political elites. It is shown how political globalization promotes the strengthening of interaction between elites, the emergence of a new quality of inter-elite contacts. The specificity of the mass media positioning of political elites in the present political process is manifested in the desire to strengthen the dominant position in society with the help of traditional and virtual mass media, in the transition to a new format of political and technological leadership using the possibilities of fast and high-quality feedback. It is shown that three types of elites are involved in the processes of political transformation: elites of transit, elites of transformation, and elites of consolidation. Inthe modern political space, a new, unique and still understudied phenomenon has appeared – informational network-cratic elites, which are able not only to control the activities of political elites, but also to infl uence intra-elite political rotations, createnew ideological images and guidelines. The importance of information and communication technologies as tools of influence of political elites on the formation of public consciousness and manipulation of public opinion is revealed. Key words: political elites, political process, media, transformation, globalization,information systems, communication.

ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ (ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ) АСПЕКТ ТВОРЧОСТІ

The article proposes a theorization of the phenomenon of creativity in its philosophical, social, aesthetic and psychological dimensions. Creativity as an epistemological and axiological problem is described by a significant number of researchers and scientists in various fields. At the same time, its ontological dimension remains the prerogative of psychological research, neglecting the social dimension and the meaning of creativity for the individual and humanity as a whole. The proposed analysis allows tracing the various essences and manifestations of creativity for a person and society. Questions about the essence of the concept of "creativity" were studied by many scientists in such fields of knowledge as philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, sociology, etc. This concept has a rather weighty historical aspect of consideration – from Plato to the present day, thinkers have been interested in the question of the inner urges and incentives of a person. But regardless of the signs that stood out for centuries and outlined, shaped this phenomenon, the XXI century brings its corrections, synthesizing phenomena and looking for new approaches to their study. Now, when we talk about creativity, we often stray far from its functional and cultural-artistic significance, we try to reflect it in modern political and scientific-technical processes, or in a radically new, free-thinking, freedom-loving and/or performative aspect. That is why the purpose of the research is to theorize the phenomenon of creativity in the context of modernity. When theorizing creativity, researchers use such concepts as novelty, creating something new, objectification of acquired and/or unconscious experience, catharsis, going beyond the ordinary, loneliness, rejection by society, criticism, challenge, dialogicity, performativity, etc. All these analogies allow us to understand the essence of the phenomenon in a collective and individual dimension. Moreover, centuries of rethinking creativity make it possible to understand and predict the benefits of creativity. However, the entire body of research cannot answer the question of the essentiality of the creator, his alienation from society and from his own creation. Moreover, creativity evolves along with Man, and at the time of expanding the capabilities of AI, it is difficult for us to predict this process.

THE ROLE OF NORDISM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

The article examines and analyzes the main conceptual foundations of the development of political Nordism and its influence on the formation of the political culture of the Scandinavian countries. The categorical-conceptual apparatus of the study of the problems of the formation of political Nordism is concretized, in particular, the dialectic of development in the modern political process is clarified and the existing approaches of foreign and domestic researchers to the assessment of this phenomenon and its influence on modern political processes in the Scandinavian countries are summarized. Paying comprehensive attention to the analysis of the phenomenon that preceded Nordism, namely the term Scandinavism, which refers to the implementation of regional cooperation projects at the civil, administrative, and cultural levels in the countries of Northern Europe. Analyzing this aspect of the history of regional relations between these countries, we identify the special factors that distinguish the phenomenon of "Scandinavism" and "Nordism" from other forms of regional cooperation in Europe in the second half of the 20th century. All this is traced in the firmly formed and functioning practice of "Nordic cooperation" in the political life of the population of the Northern of Europe. Along with this, the disclosure of the theme of "Nordism" contributes to the refutation of the idea that northern cooperation did not exist or was extremely insignificant before the appearance of the Northern Council. One of the main factors in the formation and effective development of political Nordicism is the absence of certain essential factors that strongly oppose the formation of this phenomenon, which makes it interesting in the global context. Our analysis leads us to believe that all these features are the result that distinguish the Nordic model of cooperation from the global trend of the relationship between political culture and national identity. The model of cooperation envisaged by Nordism went far beyond the scope of simple Scandinavism, in fact it was a modernization and revision of all previously formed postulates of cooperation, which in turn brought considerable progress and gains in the development of the political culture of the Scandinavian region. Let's look at this assumption in more detail and give it great validity.

The Evolution of the State and the Failure of Society: Theoretical Notes

The article presents a theoretical and historical analysis of the state transformation processes, starting from the household patriarchal form of paternalism up to its later transfer to the state, creating the basis for “paternalistic state”, which differs from the patriarchal model by the collective nature of generating public interests and democratization possibilities of the public choice process itself. In this context the problems of democratization of non-market decisions, with their inherent risks of distortion of public choice, are considered, and the fundamental contradiction of the modern political process is formulated. As one of its consequences, the article draws a fundamental conclusion about the exhaustion of the “welfare state” model and the onset of the next stage of evolution, the feature of which is the transformation of the welfare state into a paternalistic state. This conclusion is combined with other results of this study, which highlighted the main stages of state evolution, including the initial phase of the “patriarchal state” and the stage of the “decline of the paternalistic state”, associated with the “failure of society”. The matter here is such a state, when the society's broken protective mechanisms no longer prevent the choice of paternalistic state goals that do not correspond to the interests of society, and the erroneous strategies of their implementation. The article formulates an assumption about the possibility of restoring society's “immune system”. Having reached the stage of a developed paternalistic state, society faces zevolutionary cross-roads. In one case, the process of paternalistic state degradation starts, accompanied by a reduction of the field of social choice and a transition to autocracy, and then to the liquidation of the mechanisms of social choice. In another case, there are prerequisites for recovery of society's immune system connected with the development of social networks, creating an essentially new channel of communication between politicians and society that contributes to the formation of informal institutions, providing expansion of the public choice field.

НОВЫЙ «СЕТЕВОЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК» В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ РОССИИ: ВЫЗОВЫ, РИСКИ ИЛИ ПРОДУКТИВНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ?

The purpose of the article is analysis of the influence of socio-political transformations of society on a modern person from the perspective of the formation of a new “network person”. Procedure and methods. In the article, based on the application of the network approach methodology, the anthropological method, as well as content analysis and analytical approach, an attempt is made to substantiate the formation of a new “network person” in the conditions of the new social reality of the network society. Results. It is shown that the network society changes the space of human existence, transforms the external environment and has a significant impact on human consciousness and behavior. Social and political practices of people are acquiring a new format under the influence of digitalization and networking. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the new “network person” is becoming a determining factor in social development in the context of profound transformations of the modern world. Theoretical and/or practical significance. The assumption is substantiated that modern political processes have a significant impact on the worldview of the new “network person”, their communications, practices, social connections and relationships. The demand for knowledge about a person and the world around them is increasing, as well as the importance of social and humanitarian knowledge in general. The author proposes the draft of the analysis of the new “network person”, who in the conditions of the new social reality becomes network human capital.