Modern Perspective Research Articles

Computational molecular-level prediction of heterocyclic compound–metal surface interfacial behavior

It is difficult to comprehensively understand the interfacial mechanism (IM) of the adsorption of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) on metal surfaces solely through experiments and electronic structure parameters of isolated molecules. To better understand the molecular-level IM of CIs, a combination of atomistic simulations and first-principles calculations was used to obtain reliable information on the adsorption nature and intermolecular interactions during the actual interfacial behavior. The IM and property changes of two synthesized heterocyclic sustainable-green CIs, namely 4-{[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene]amino}-5-propyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (NFPT and 4-{[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene]amino}-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (NFT), were investigated on the Fe(110) surface using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The NFPT was preferentially adsorbed through a parallel configuration with a high interaction energy (–706.12 kJ·mol−1) compared to NFT, owing to stronger chemical bonds via S, N, and O atoms with the Fe surface. Additionally, the adsorbed NFPT film effectively inhibited Fe surface corrosion owing to the small diffusion coefficient of corrosive particles in the presence of NFPT. Subsequently, the anti-corrosion performance of both CIs was validated through electrochemical methods, surface analysis, and adsorption isotherm models. The observations suggest that the combination of modern computational perspectives could efficiently design and select the best CIs before their laboratory synthesis.

Cyanate Ester Monomers and Oligomers. Overview of the Modern Research State and Perspectives

Cyanate Ester Monomers and Oligomers. Overview of the Modern Research State and Perspectives

Bell Numbers in Matsunaga's and Arima's Genjikō Combinatorics: Modern Perspectives and Local Limit Theorems

We examine and clarify in detail the contributions of Yoshisuke Matsunaga (1694?-1744) to the computation of Bell numbers in the eighteenth century (in the Edo period), providing modern perspectives to some unknown materials that are by far the earliest in the history of Bell numbers. Later clarification and developments by Yoriyuki Arima (1714-1783), and several new results such as the asymptotic distributions (notably the corresponding local limit theorems) of a few closely related sequences are also given.

Compact stars in the Einstein dark energy model

We investigate the properties of high density compact objects in a vector type theory, inspired by Einstein's 1919 theory of elementary particles, in which Einstein assumed that elementary particles are held together by gravitational as well as electromagnetic type forces. From a modern perspective, Einstein's theory can be interpreted as a vector type model, with the gravitational action constructed as a linear combination of the Ricci scalar, of the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor, and of a massive self-interacting vector type field. To obtain the properties of stellar models we consider the field equations for a static, spherically symmetric system, and we investigate numerically their solutions for different equations of state of quark and neutron matter, by assuming that the self-interaction potential of the vector field either vanishes or is quadratic in the vector field potential. We consider quark stars described by the MIT bag model equation of state and in the Color Flavor Locked phase, as well as compact stars consisting of a Bose-Einstein Condensate of neutron matter, with neutrons forming Cooper pairs. Constant density stars, representing a generalization of the Interior Schwarzschild solution of general relativity, are also analyzed. Also, we consider the Douchin-Haensel (SLy) equation of state. The numerical solutions are explicitly obtained in both standard general relativity, and the Einstein dark energy model and an in depth comparison between the astrophysical predictions of these two theories are performed. As a general conclusion of our study, we find that for all the considered equations of state a much larger variety of stellar structures can be obtained in the Einstein dark energy model, including classes of stars that are more massive than their general relativistic counterparts.

Modern Perspectives on Adiponectin: Targeting Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer Together Using Herbal Products

Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer are major health concerns worldwide. Studies are ongoing to find a molecular drug target that simultaneously regulates these diseases. One such protein is adiponectin which modulates numerous physiological processes and regulates pathways associated with these diseases. Here we have reviewed the potential of adiponectin as a drug target and discussed possible mechanisms by which herbal compounds can modulate its function. Adiponectin exerts its function by binding to its transmembrane receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2), which stimulate signaling cascades involved in regulating these diseases. Adiponectin activity can be enhanced by the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), or several natural compounds(like curcumin). The mechanism by which these phytocompounds influence adiponectin activity at the molecular level is unclear. Here we have summarized various natural compounds that can modulate adiponectin activity and in silico, examined the mechanism by which curcumin regulates adiponectin activity. Our molecular docking studies results indicate that curcumin can act as a ligand for PPARγ and activate adiponectin. Understanding the adiponectin activation mechanism will help develop new herbal drugs to cure obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

М. ӘУЕЗОВТІҢ «АБАЙ ЖОЛЫ» РОМАН-ЭПОПЕЯСЫНДАҒЫТАРИХИ ДЕРЕКТЕРДІҢ ЗЕРТТЕЛУІ

The article deals with the issues of historical data about the Russian friends of the poet in the famous epic "Abay joly" by the great artist Mukhtar Auezov, which embedded in the literary circulation and became the basis for artistic reality. There was carried out a scientific-theoretical analysis of the study of the outstanding historian, literary scholar Lyayla Mukhtarovna on "Problems of Kazakhstan history in the works by M.O. Auezov" where she used a comparative method of historical facts and archival materials about Abay’s Russian friends in the novel "Abay joly" by Mukhtar Auezov, which first entered the scientific circulation of the Kazakh literary studies. Archival documents in L. Auezova's monograph and literary facts about Russian friends of the poet in Mukhtar Auezov's novel "Abay joly" were mutually compared and analyzed based on historical events. The references of the literary text in the novel were used to analyze Abay's fluency in the Russian language and mastery of European culture, which was influenced by Russian friends, political exiles in Semipalatinsk, as well as Semipalatinsk library with the best works on history, philosophy, etc. in the world spiritual space, Russian and Western European literature, products of periodical press. The article deals with the contribution of Abay’s close friend, Evgeny Petrovich Michaelis, his fundamental works aimed at collecting and studying national values, ancient artifacts among the population during the years of his service as the first secretary of the Statistical Committee, the transformation of this team into the first scientific institution of the city were analyzed and interpreted from a modern perspective. The scientific analysis of historical data was carried out that the opening of the museum in 1883 on the basis of exhibits collected by E. P. Michaelis was a great cultural event in the life of Kazakh people and that the Statistical Committee of Semey with the help of political exiles conducted a study of the cultural life, geography, history, economics and ethnography of the region and namely these people have contributed to the spiritual awakening of the local population. In the 70-80s of the nineteenth century the representatives of the Russian intelligentsia, revolutionary intelligentsia and political prisoners were concentrated in Semey city and many of them were close with Abai and communicated, these and other facts, also artistic reality in the novel "Abay joly" by Mukhtar Auezov and historical data of the study by Leyla Mukhtarovna "Problems of Kazakhstan history in the works by M.O. Auezov" were compared and scientific explanatory work was carried out. Using methods of hermeneutic analysis is explained that the tragedy in the fate of Russian people is a common tragedy for all other nationalities, and they sought to explain this view to representatives of other nationalities such open-minded, educated people as Abay. The names of Russian friends who pursued universal values, such as Pushkin, Lermontov, L.Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, N.Chernyshevsky, etc., are often found in every scientific research work by M.О.Auezov devoted to the poet's life and in the novel "Abay joly", where historical realities are supplemented and integrated into artistic reality depending on the psychophysiological qualities of characters, such as speech, thinking, understanding, analyzed in accordance with the conditions and requirements of the science of literary studies. Anyway, the images of the poet's Russian friends in the work by L.M. Auezova M and in the scientific theoretical works on abaeology by the prominent researcher, literary scholar M.O.Auezov are fully revealed a close connection and is confirmed in the course of this analysis.

Expediency as the Principle and Grounds for Decision-Making in Criminal Proceedings: Foreign Experience and the Prospects for Using it in Russia

The processes of the convergence and divergence of law in the era of globalization as well as the trend for establishing similar court proceedings in different countries determine the necessity of studying legal concepts still unknown in the Russian legislation but widely applied in other countries, and expediency is one of them. The goal of this research is to analyze Russian and foreign legislation from both modern and historical perspectives, to analyze the legal regulation of expediency in criminal proceedings, to determine its contents, to differentiate between expediency as a principle and as grounds for the decision to refuse the initiation of criminal proceedings or to terminate them, which is made by a specially authorized official or a state body, to present well-grounded suggestions for the improvement of Russian legislation and the practice of law enforcement. It is determined that expediency is recognized as a principle of criminal proceedings in a number of European states. It is shown that the principle of expediency does not contradict justice and is based on such characteristics of criminal procedure activities as effectiveness, optimality, promptness, procedural economy. At the same time, legislations of the UK, Germany, France and Switzerland provide for the discretionary powers of the prosecutor and other officials to refuse to initiate criminal proceedings, to refuse to bring charges or support them due to inexpediency. The authors show the advantages and disadvantages of making decisions on such grounds: the disadvantages include wide discretionary powers of the officials which could lead to the abuse of power in the absence of necessary guarantees (corruption-generating factor); the advantages are procedural economy, wide opportunities for officials and state bodies involved in the criminal process to use discretionary powers depending on the circumstances of each specific case. They argue that the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation should provide an opportunity for specially authorized officials and state bodies to refuse to initiate a criminal case or pursue criminal prosecution on the grounds of inexpediency.

Women’s Criminality in Europe, 1600–1914 edited by Manon van der Heijden, Marion Pluskota, and Sanne Muurling

This collection addresses women’s criminality from the perspectives of history and historical criminology, recognizing that gendered expectations have long affected the prosecution, understanding, and study of crime and criminals. The authors are confident that contextualisation is “the key to understanding female crime, its representation and its variation in time and space,” and that historians of crime must therefore pay more attention to socioeconomic factors, such as social mobility, employment, and migration patterns, than has generally been the case (4). To do so effectively requires first that female criminals be identified. Hence, the research concentrates on the lower courts, where women appeared in much larger numbers than in the superior courts. The additional records on which the authors rely give the volume a mainly urban focus, but comparisons to the male experience make the findings particularly insightful and persuasive.The chapters are organized around three main themes—violence and women, prosecution and punishment, and representations of crime. But the geographical and chronological coverage is not quite as the book’s title suggests. Three largely historiographical essays (Chapters 1, 2, and 9) cover most, or all, of the period from 1600 to 1900. The remaining eight chapters, all based on extensive archival research, tend to focus on the later nineteenth century, particularly in England (Chapters 4, 6, 7, and 10) but also in Australia (without explanation for its inclusion in a book about criminality in Europe) and the Netherlands.Only two chapters adopt an early modern perspective, both offering fascinating appraisals of male and female defendants. Sara Beam’s examination of the prosecution of adultery in Geneva shows that although gender was relevant, social status and the authorities’ concern with rooting out sin were also crucial factors. Muurling provides a carefully evidenced explanation for how and why people used the accessible Tribunale del Torrone as a strategic means of conflict resolution in Bologna.Three of the chapters set out to find the vanishing females posited by Feeley and Little in 1991.1 Van der Heijden concludes that better living standards and welfare provision had a greater impact on female crime rates than did confinement to the domestic sphere. Jo Turner uses her study of female-perpetrated assault in Stafford to suggest that when council housing was built in 1901, it reduced shared living space and thus neighborhood conflicts. Lucy Williams and Barry Godfrey utilize population data to identify prisons, asylums, and workhouses as “locations and methods through which deviant women could be dealt with throughout the life cycle” (133).The two thought-provoking chapters about release from prison that discuss recidivism in detail reveal that the experiences of women and men were significantly different. Helen Johnston and David Cox find that re-offending was higher among female ex-prisoners because re-integration into financially productive society was more difficult for them. Alana Piper et al. use a large data set of individuals returned to prison in Queensland to reach a similar conclusion: Women were more likely to be chronic recidivists because of the wide range of socioeconomic disadvantages that they faced, whereas men had a greater variety of pathways into and out of offending.Two of the three chapters about “representations” focus on newspapers. Daniel Grey’s examination of reports about child sexual assault exposes attitudes toward the gender, class, age, and sexuality of both victims and perpetrators. Clare Wilkinson quantifies accounts of domestic violence in Dutch newspapers to explain why they functioned mainly as human-interest stories rather than as subjects of debate. Sarah Auspert et al. explore a variety of European discourses about female juvenile delinquency that show institutionalization to have been the most common “solution” for criminal and problem girls since the eighteenth century.The book contains an unfortunately sizable number of minor typographical and grammatical errors, but the use of footnotes and a collective bibliography of nearly thirty pages make the volume a useful addition to the relevant literature. Scholars of women and crime, imprisonment and reoffending, newspaper reporting, and the multiple factors that influenced these matters will find much of interest and value.

The City in Arabic Literature: Classical and Modern Perspectives, edited by Nizar F. Hermes and Gretchen Head

The City in Arabic Literature: Classical and Modern Perspectives, edited by Nizar F. Hermes and Gretchen Head

Can Attrition Theory Provide Insight for Cyber Warfare?

This paper explores the notion that cyber-adversaries can use classic attrition tactics to cause weakness to address follow-on attacks. We conducted a grounded theory study that reviewed historic literature to identify parallels between past attrition tactics and cyber warfare. From historical examples, we see the possibility of an adversary conducting an asymmetric campaign by flooding the adversary with false-positive attacks in order to have them drain resources. For a modern perspective, we interviewed subject-matter experts from a US military command. Thematic analysis demonstrates a link between attrition and cyber-maneuver warfare. One significant finding is that most subject-matter experts agreed a culture of compliance, which encourages a full resources response to security events given full resources, can reduce the ability to maneuver appropriately and takes away from the focus on critical mission functions that cyber security is actually in place to protect. Other common themes that surfaced include that some interviewees believed their organizations were not prepared for cyber war nor are they resourced adequately to respond to a state of cyber war. Issues that need further study are the need to compare and correlate telemetry and metrics of incident responses and better tracking of the dollar-cost value of incident response and cyber tactics.

ISLAMIC AND WESTERN PERSPECTIVES OF CRITICAL THINKING

Critical thinking (CT) has today gone beyond borders, beliefs, and disciplines. It is naturally connected to human nature as the quality of human life is determine by the quality of his thinking. Recent studies prove and common sense recognizes the need to embed the teaching of Critical thinking across the curriculum (Geertshuis & Albashiry, 2019). As valuable as this most important 21st century skills there is still growing misconception about its meaning, and applications moreover many consider Critical thinking as alien to Islamic teaching. This paper therefore, attempts to humbly give a substantive definition of Critical thinking from both the modern and Islamic perspectives, with particular reference to Paul Elder framework for Critical thinking and show the origin of critical thinking from the Islamic world view. It is quite troubling to find teachers of Islamic studies today not responsive to the contemporary global challenges (Nordin & Surajudeen, 2015; Rosnani, Suhailah, & Adesile, 2014; Sahin, 2018; Sciences et al., 2018). Islamic knowledge integration which is based on Tawhidic epistemology is increasingly attracting attention of intellectuals across the globe, especially as the prevalent view on critical thinking is mostly rooted from the modern secularistic system that emphasized on materialism and lead humanity to a narrow mindedness and focusing only to the things of the life here without given premium to the afterlife. Al-Qur’an being the compendium source that comprehensively contained all that human kind need to know about this life and the life hereafter, has left no stone unturned. Finding the Qur’anic perspective about thinking generally and Critical thinking particularly is not only relevant but indispensable. The knowledge of it will help in supplementing the limitations of the modern perspectives of critical thinking which give emphasis to the mundane while Islamic or Qur’an goes beyond that. Consequently, the authors attempt to analyse and discuss Critical thinking from the lens of Qur’an and show areas of similarities and differences between the modern and Quranic Paradigm with the hope that the humble efforts will clarify the much misconception on the central position of CT from the Islamic perspectives, also to serve as reference material to both teachers and students of knowledge.

Social transformation paradigm: paradoxes between traditionalism and modernism in Pakistan and India

The social transformation is the process of planned changes at large scale in a given society. In other words a shift in the social consciousness at individual, collective, regional and global levels is considered social transformation through which new dimensions come ahead and help in resolving social problems. The social transformation in Indian and Pakistani society reflects a conflict between traditionalism and the modernism. The social alteration in the value system a divergence seems to have been developed between the social groups that has generated a conflict between the modern issues of self-existence and traditional values. For this paper makes consideration of the main traits of social alteration that create the conflict among the traditionalists and the modernists in India and Pakistan. Furthermore, the impact of the highly developed countries of the world, the role of mass media of communication, migration, cultural diffusion, the literacy and finally the socio-political awareness among the people to help develop secularism are considered key tools to look towards modernity that is challenging the traditional paradigms of society. This relationship forms the dialectics of traditionalism and modernity and in that sense what is paradox is that traditionalism and modernity are not mutually restricted but complementary to each other and demonstrate through elements of social changes. The process of modernization in India and Pakistan is proceeding by inventing new traditions, which is combined with economic status, caste system, ethnicity, subcultures. It also emphasizes on the impact of the transformation in the different sections of Indian and Pakistani society and level of social stability through the time. Our objective in the present article is to examine social change in India and Pakistan with the ideological perspective of modernization. Key words: India, Pakistan, society, social transformation, traditionalism, modernism.

Formation and development of doctrines on the correlation of international and national law

The authors of the article present a comprehensive study of doctrinal approaches concerning the problem of the correlation of international and domestic law, based on multilevel, non-linearity of legal norms. The object of the article is the traditional doctrines of dualism (pluralism) and monism, an assessment of the circumstances of their emergence, the essence of approaches and subsequent transformation under the influence of globalization and integration processes. The authors analyze the theoretical foundations of the methods and conditions for integrating the norms of international law into the national legal system and the role of international law for the modern legal order. The authors were based on the methods of theoretical synthesis, induction and generalization, the principle of historicism. Among the special-legal - method of comparative jurisprudence, the main conclusions of the study are the assessment of traditional doctrines from the modern perspective of globalization and the integration existing in the modern international community. The practical situation continues to provide the ground not so much for the "improvement" of the doctrine, but for its revision and modern assessment, which makes it possible to designate the role of the international legal order for national jurisdictions.

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EKAKUSTHA OF AYURVEDA FROM THE MODERN PERSPECTIVE

In ancient Ayurveda Samhita, Acharyas have defined all diseases elaborately, and these diseases can be found precisely today in modern science. In Ayurved Samhita, all the tvak rog (skin diseases) are defined under the term Kustha which is mentioned as a Raktapradoshaja vikara. Kustha is one of the diseases that commonly affect the population. Ekakustha is one of the types of ksudrhakustha. Ayurveda text does not directly correlate to a single disease of modern science which can be compared with the modern disease term “Psoriasis”. Psoriasis may be compared with many types of ksudrhakustha like- kitibha, charmdal, mandala and ekakustha. Psoriasis is a most common non-infectious and inflammatory skin disease which involves hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes in the dermis. In the origin of any disease and for the diagnosis of the disease, there are many factors mentioned in Ayurveda Samhita; in that series, prakriti is one of the significant factors. The concept of prakriti is given by the Indian ancient science of Ayurveda. Prakriti indicates phenotypic and genotypic constitutions. Every individual has a different anatomical, physiological and psychological function. Prakriti of individuals should be known to maintain health, prevent disease, and treat disease. Pittaja dosha predominance prakriti is mainly prone for tvak rog. In the present era, increased demand for Ayurveda science is required to understand the depth of Ayurvedic principles in an easy method. Hence an effort has been made to ascertain and establish the knowledge regarding ekakustha from a modern perspective.

Examination of Grasmick et al.’s Low Self-Control Scale and of a Short Version With Cross-Gender Measurement Invariance

Grasmick et al.’s Low Self-Control Scale (LSCS) is considered the gold-standard of self-control measures due to the frequency of its use in criminology. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the LSCS from a more modern psychometric perspective and develop a shorter version. Our sample consisted of young adults ( N = 610, M = 21.33 years, SD = 3.09) from Portugal. The six-factor intercorrelated model of the LSCS showed an adequate fit, but models that would legitimate using a total score could not be confirmed. The subscales’ intercorrelations revealed some low non-significant correlations. The six subscales showed distinctive correlates with other measures, with three subscales presenting some problematic correlations. Confirmatory factor analysis was subsequently used to develop a three-factor shorter version with strong cross-gender measurement invariance and good reliability. Findings have implications for the validity of the general theory of crime specifically which components of self-control have the greatest empirical linkages to conduct problems and related deviance.

Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.

Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX’s multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.

Dalit Bildungsroman: A Modernist Perspective into the Poetics of Self in Jhoothan

This article analyses the incompetency of Indian philosophy of ‘Absoluteness’ and Western genre of classical Bildungsroman to analyse the process of self-formation in an odyssey of a Dalit. The modern contemporary era negotiates post-colonial and postmodern approaches to provide a heuristic view to the subjected self of a Dalit. The modernist approach takes Dissensual Bildungsroman into consideration. Om Prakash Valmiki’s Jhoothan narrates an experience of a subjugated and unheard voice and his journey of self-acculturation. The paper pre-eminently concerns with unique and experimented form of self which can provide a tantamount status to the pariah community and their culture compared with the elite Hindu community and among its wide range of readers and audience.

Effective ionic dialysis—a modern perspective for assessing dialysis adequacy

Effective ionic dialysis—a modern perspective for assessing dialysis adequacy

Практические вопросы диагностики и лечения гельминтозов у детей

В статье изложены основные сведения о гельминтозах человека. С современных позиций ­освещены вопросы этиологии, клинической картины, диагностики и лечения наиболее распространенных гельминтозов, особенности их течения у детей.

에비슨(Oliver R. Avison)의 교육행정가적 특징에 나타난 상호문화성 고찰: 연희전문학교 설립·운영을 중심으로

This study examine from a modern perspective the with the relationship between interculturality and Avison’s feature as an education administrator who contributed enormously to the establishment and management of Yeonhui College. It considers four characteristics of Avison as an educational administrator: the ability of mutual communication, collaboration, positive drive, and integration. These features include core elements of interculturality, and they have been practically manifested in the education field through the four features of openness, possibility, publicness, and nowness. Therefore, Avison’s features as an education administrator have self-translation competence for being compatible with interculturality. In addition, it has been verified that interculturality was a contributor leading the establishment and management of Yeonhui College.