Modern Medicine Research Articles

Significance of the liver arginase activity in the processes of detoxification, formation of thyroid status and dyslipidemia in rats with experimental peritonitis

Peritonitis is a surgical and general pathological problem, the relevance of which does not decrease despite the achievements of modern clinical and experimental medicine. Peritonitis, being one of the most severe complications of various diseases and injuries to the abdominal organs, triggers a complex cascade of pathogenetic reactions with disruption of vital processes. The mortality rate for peritonitis is 20‒30 %, and in its most severe forms it reaches 50–80 %. High mortality is caused by endotoxemia, multiple organ failure and sepsis. To date, sufficient data have been accumulated, indicating the importance of liver arginase in the processes of detoxification and vital activity of the body in normal conditions and in pathology. There were reasons to believe that its activity would be significant in the pathogenesis of peritonitis. However, the elucidation of significance of the liver arginase activity in detoxification processes and in the pathogenesis of septic conditions and peritonitis in particular has been still little studied.The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of the liver arginase activity in the processes of detoxification, the formation of thyroid status and dyslipidemia in rats with experimental peritonitis (CLP-model).In experiments on rats, it was found that liver arginase and nitrogen monoxide are involved in changes in the content of total cholesterol in the liver and lipoproteins in the blood serum, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood plasma and body temperature during CLP-peritonitis. Developing CLP-peritonitis in the conditions of liver argina- se depression by Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine at a dose of 10 mg/kg is accompanied by a more pronounced inhibition of the detoxification function of the liver, worsening changes in the content of total cholesterol in the liver and lipoproteins in the blood serum, and the level of iodine-containing hormones in the blood plasma and contributes to the development of secondary dislipoproteinemia.

A qualia-centric approach to Ayurveda and Hindu knowledge systems can address modern science’s blind spot

In this paper, I argue for approaching Ayurveda and Hindu knowledge systems in a qualia-centric manner, the way their originators intended. The materialist assumptions that underlie modern medicine, while undeniably effective, are not the only way to understand the body, just as the Western tonal system is not the only way to approach music. Using the wrong metaphysical lens is the root cause behind many seemingly intractable debates on the validity of Hindu knowledge systems. At the same time, it is important to have externally verifiable benchmarks — quality, reliability and efficacy — as universal metrics, and every healthcare provider must seek to meet them.

To Compare and Evaluate the Efficacy of 1% Alendronate Gel and 10% Doxycycline Gel as an Adjunct to SRP in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Background: Modern medicine has advanced drug delivery strategies for improved treatment outcomes with minimal systemic side effects. Local drug delivery is a promising approach, targeting therapeutic agents to specific tissues or organs, optimizing efficacy by concentrating medications at the site of action. This method offers advantages over systemic delivery, such as reduced dosage and frequency, minimized systemic toxicity, and the avoidance of gastrointestinal issues and first-pass metabolism. Researchers are continually seeking ways to enhance the safety and effectiveness of local drug delivery systems through new materials. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of 1% alendronate gel and 10% doxycycline gel when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis. Methodology: The study was conducted in Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College & Research Centre in Ghaziabad. In this randomized controlled trial, the impact of the local drug delivery agents on the pocket depths of 45 patients was assessed over six months. Changes in gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were measured across three groups: a control group (Group C) and two experimental groups (Group A and B). Acrylic stents were used to evaluate probing depth and attachment loss post-surgery, determining the relative attachment level. Results: At 3 and 6 months post-treatment, Group A showed superior results in gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, and relative attachment level compared to Group B. Both Groups A and B demonstrated significant improvements over Group C. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing Groups A and B separately. Conclusion: The study found that both Group A and Group B showed better outcomes than Group C at the 3- and 6-month marks. A statistically significant difference was observed between Group A and Group B, with Group A (SRP + 1% alendronate gel) outperforming Group B (SRP + 10% doxycycline gel) in improving the periodontal index, sulcular depth, and relative attachment level.

Research Progress of Chinese Medicine in Treating Chronic Liver Disease by Regulating Autophagy.

In recent years, rising living standards and an accelerated lifestyle have led to an increase in the incidence of chronic liver disease. Modern medicine has yet to fully develop effective methods for preventing and treating these conditions due to their complex pathogenesis. Autophagy, a cellular process that maintains homeostasis by removing abnormal proteins, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for chronic liver diseases. These diseases include liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis B, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chinese medicine, with its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach, offers unique advantages in treating these conditions, especially given the unclear etiology of chronic liver diseases. Recent research demonstrates that Chinese medicine - comprising single herbs, herbal combinations, and proprietary formulas - can effectively regulate autophagy, thereby providing therapeutic and preventive benefits for chronic liver diseases. This paper reviews recent studies, categorizes various chronic liver diseases, and examines the impact of active ingredients and compound formulas from Chinese medicine on autophagy. These insights are crucial for slowing the progression of chronic liver diseases and pave the way for the future application of Chinese medicine in preventing and managing these conditions through autophagy modulation.

Nanorobots in Medicine: Advancing Healthcare through Molecular Engineering: A Comprehensive Review

Nanotechnology, particularly nanorobotics, has emerged as a transformative force in modern medicine. Nanorobots, designed at the molecular scale, hold promise for a range of medical applications, including targeted drug delivery, early disease diagnostics, minimally invasive surgeries, and precise infection control. Their unique ability to interact with biological systems at the cellular level opens avenues for significant advancements in treatment protocols, potentially overcoming current limitations in traditional therapies. This review delves into the development, mechanisms, and diverse medical applications of nanorobots, highlighting their structural components, energy sources, and propulsion methods. Additionally, we explore specific case studies in cancer treatment, infection control, and surgical innovations, assessing both the advancements and challenges associated with nanorobotic technologies. The goal is to present a comprehensive overview that underscores the potential of nanorobots to revolutionize patient care and set the stage for future research in this burgeoning field.

The concept of acute kidney disease and its place in the renal continuum

The paper discusses the concept of acute kidney disease, a relatively new concept in clinical medicine, the introduction of which is due to the presence of kidney diseases that do not meet strict criteria for acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. The article presents the criteria and severity stratification of acute kidney disease proposed by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Foundation, interpretation of the criteria and severity stratification by the Scientific Society of Nephrologists of Russia, associations of nephrologists and anesthesiologists-resuscitators of Russia, the National Society of Specialists in Hemapheresis and Extracorporeal Hemocorrection in accordance with the classification system of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative group. The role of acute kidney disease in the modern renal continuum is outlined. The article reviews the results of studies of acute kidney disease in patients with septic shock, patients who underwent total joint replacement, myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and having acute kidney injury, patients with ischemic stroke, after coronary angiography, after acute surgery for type A aortic dissection, which demonstrate the prevalence of acute kidney disease and its outcomes. Despite the fact that acute kidney disease has a high prevalence among patients with various pathologies, worsens the prognosis and increases the risk of death or complications, its significance in modern medicine remains extremely underestimated. The article identifies the most common and studied biochemical markers that can potentially increase the proportion of patients at risk of adverse outcomes when used in clinical practice.

Human Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology

One of the biggest problems facing modern medicine is infertility [...]

ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL SERVICES FOR TRAUMA PATIENTS: CURRENT REQUIREMENTS AND BEST PRACTICES OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TRAUMATOLOGISTS AND THERAPISTS

Modern requirements for the organization of medical services for traumatological patients reflect the need for effective cooperation between specialists in traumatology and therapy. It is important to note that today there are a large number of unique programs that allow for the collective work of specialists in various fields in order to organize better medical care. This article examines the unique practices of cooperation between these specialties in order to optimize the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with traumatic injuries in age. The work involves not only therapists, traumatologists, but also other specialists in related fields who can assist in the rehabilitation of the patient. The analysis of the state and problems of multidisciplinary treatment of traumatologists includes answers only from the medical staff of regional trauma centers and end-treatment centers treating seriously injured people. Special attention is paid to the coordination of efforts between doctors of various profiles, the exchange of information, the use of innovative methods and technologies. The results of the study will improve the quality of medical care for trauma patients and make a significant contribution to the development of medical practice in general. The critical importance of collaboration between traumatologists and therapists is to ensure a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with traumatic conditions. Research in the field of organization of medical services for traumatological patients is important for the development of modern medicine. It provides an opportunity to create new formats and programs of medical care for the rapid rehabilitation of patients. New approaches contribute to improving current medical processes and improving the quality of life of society.

Embracing Traditional Medicines from Which Modern Medicine Originated

Embracing Traditional Medicines from Which Modern Medicine Originated

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Kampo Treatment for Dysmenorrhea Depending on the Presence or Absence of Endometriosis: A Retrospective Study Over 12 Years

In modern medicine, endometriosis is known to be one of the causes of dysmenorrhea, and in Oriental medicine “stasis of the blood” or a “cold-syndrome” is considered to be a cause of menstrual cramps

Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor. It has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prone to metastasis and recurrence. At present, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy are mainly used in clinical practice, but these methods are more damaging to the patient's body and are prone to toxic side effects. In recent years, with the continuous progress of precision treatment, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually emerged as an important approach in the management of breast cancer. This article is to review the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer in recent years, including its treatment methods, mechanism of action, and clinical trial efficacy. Research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine has its unique advantages in treating cancer. Specifically, it can combine its advantages in disease differentiation, syndrome differentiation, and staged treatment with the individualized treatment needs of modern medicine. It can improve the clinical symptoms of patients, enhance the immune function of the body, and delay or prevent the development of diseases.

The Integration of Robotics in Surgery: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects

The integration of robotics in surgery marks a transformative advancement in modern medicine, offering unprecedented precision, control, and minimally invasive options. This paper explores the evolution of robotic-assisted surgical systems, from early prototypes to sophisticated platforms like the da Vinci Surgical System, which have redefined operative procedures across multiple specialties. By analyzing key advancements, including enhanced visualization, precise articulation, and AI-assisted decision-making, this study highlights how robotics improves surgical outcomes, reduces recovery times, and minimizes complications. Despite these benefits, the adoption of surgical robotics faces challenges, including high costs, steep learning curves for surgeons, and regulatory hurdles. Additionally, the ethical implications of robotic autonomy in critical medical procedures prompt ongoing debate. This paper also examines the future prospects of robotics in surgery, such as AI-driven diagnostics, remote surgeries, and potential full automation. Through a comprehensive review, this study seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the impact of robotics on surgical practice and healthcare outcomes, offering insights into both the potential and limitations of robotic integration in surgery.

Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gels Modified with Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone

In modern medicine, there is a need to create biologically active polymer materials for the controlled release of drugs with improved characteristics compared to existing materials. Hydrogels are an ideal basis for creating such materials due to their high water content, excellent biocompatibility, and soft consistency, which is similar to that of body tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate hydrogels modified with poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for their potential use as drug carriers. A series of polyacrylamide gels (PAAGs) were synthesized, modified with PVP at concentrations of 0.3 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% relative to the weight of acrylamide. The synthesis was performed through free radical polymerization of acrylamide, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide, and PVP in a sodium phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0–8.5) in the presence of an oxidation-reduction initiation system (ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine). The structural characteristics, water absorption, rheological, and sorption properties of these hydrogels were analyzed. IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that the incorporation of PVP into the PAAG structure leads to alterations in the hydrogen bonding of NH groups within the polymer matrix and changes in the skeletal chain, associated with varying contents of CH, CH<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub> groups. Rheological studies demonstrated that PVP-modified hydrogels exhibit a reduction in viscosity by 22.4-35.3% compared to unmodified PAAGs, depending on the PVP content. Despite this decrease in viscosity, the structural stability remained sufficient for the hydrophilic matrix to function effectively in drug immobilization. The water absorption studies indicated absorption values ranging from 761.9 to 1059.8%. Sorption properties were assessed using the drug dacarbazine, revealing that increasing the PVP content in the hydrogel to 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% enhanced the sorption capacity of PAAGs by 21.1% and 27.1%, respectively. Thus, the synthesized hydrogel materials exhibit sorption capacity for dacarbazine and demonstrate high water absorption values, indicating that they are promising materials for use as drug carriers in medical practice; thus, they require further medical and biological research.

Music on prescription – ancient wisdom in modern day medicine

Music on prescription – ancient wisdom in modern day medicine

EF-net: Accurate edge segmentation for segmenting COVID-19 lung infections from CT images

Despite advances in modern medicine including the use of computed tomography for detecting COVID-19, precise identification and segmentation of lesions remain a significant challenge owing to indistinct boundaries and low degrees of contrast between infected and healthy lung tissues. This study introduces a novel model called the edge-based dual-parallel attention (EDA)-guided feature-filtering network (EF-Net), specifically designed to accurately segment the edges of COVID-19 lesions. The proposed model comprises two modules: an EDA module and a feature-filtering module (FFM). EDA efficiently extracts structural and textural features from low-level features, enabling the precise identification of lesion boundaries. FFM receives semantically rich features from a deep-level encoder and integrates features with abundant texture and contour information obtained from the EDA module. After filtering through a gating mechanism of the FFM, the EDA features are fused with deep-level features, yielding features rich in both semantic and textural information. Experiments demonstrate that our model outperforms existing models including Inf_Net, GFNet, and BSNet considering various metrics, offering better and clearer segmentation results, particularly for segmenting lesion edges. Moreover, superior performance on the three datasets is achieved, with dice coefficients of 98.1, 97.3, and 72.1 %.

Charting the history of premature birth in France from the 17th century to modern state-of-the art care.

To describe the concept of preterm birth in the history of medicine in France, from the 17th century up until the end of the 20th century, on the basis of old medical textbooks. Historical manuscripts and books held in medical libraries and from our personal collection were examined. Digital copies of medical textbooks online were also studied. Premature deliveries were often referred to as spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, irrespective of the infant's condition at birth. The difference between growth restriction and prematurity was not known. At the end of the 18th century, care for newborn infants entered the age of modern medicine, with observations of the newborn infant and its illnesses and experiments concerning nutrition and thermoregulation treatments. The responsibility for newborn infants, long allocated to midwives and obstetricians, was passed to neonatologists and paediatricians in the 1960s, thanks to developments in our knowledge of neonatal physiology in general and respiration, nutrition and thermoregulation in particular. This article delays the history of medicine concerned the care of preterm infants by obstetricians and then neonatologists, from the 17th century to modern period.

Stem Cell Patentability: Legal Challenges

Stem cells are versatile cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different specialized cell types. Their immense potential has led to a surge in research and practical applications medicine. Patentability of the stem cells has been a subject of controversy, with concerns that restrictions on access to crucial technologies could hinder the translation of research into practical medical applications. It is a promising field that's rapidly advancing and has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine. The patentability of stem cells faces several legal challenges, including ethical, moral, and religious concerns, as well as difficulties in obtaining a patent license. Patent protection is crucial for driving innovation and commercial success in regenerative medicine and life sciences. This article examines the patentability restrictions and specific challenges associated with human stem cell patents in Europe and the United States.

Modern views on the etiology of acute appendicitis

This article discusses the main causes of acute appendicitis. We analyzed domestic and foreign literature sources, as well as data from randomized controlled trials on the etiology of acute appendicitis. Acute appendicitis is one of the most widespread urgent surgical pathologies, and complications of this nosology remain at a fairly high level regardless of the development of modern medicine. Despite years of studying acute appendicitis, the problem of its etiology is still debatable. There are different patterns between acute appendicitis and gender differences, as well as age and comorbidities, but it is currently impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of the etiology of acute appendicitis.

Integrating Islamic Values and Modern Medical Practices to Enhance Public Health in Muslim Communities

This study aims to explore the integration of Islamic spiritual values with modern medical practices as a holistic approach to improving public health, particularly in Muslim-majority regions. The approach seeks to bridge the gap between physical and spiritual health through a framework that accommodates religious, cultural, and socio-economic aspects. The method employed is qualitative literature review, utilizing content analysis and interpretative analysis of relevant scholarly sources. The main findings reveal that Islamic values can play a strategic role in creating more inclusive and effective healthcare services, through community-based policies and synergy between traditional and modern medicine. The study also identifies barriers such as inadequate regulations, limited access, and misconceptions about traditional and modern medicine, which can be addressed through stricter regulations and public education. This research contributes to developing a new paradigm in health policy by integrating religion and science, offering a multidisciplinary and contextual perspective. It highlights the importance of collaboration among governments, medical practitioners, and local communities in creating a holistic healthcare system. In conclusion, the integration of Islamic spiritual values with modern medical practices holds significant potential for enhancing public health outcomes while fostering harmonious dialogue between religion and science for the future.

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE WITH UNCONTROLLED USING A COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC GADGETS

The prevention of visual impairment in people with uncontrolled use of computers and electronic gadgets, the study of clinical manifestations of their negative effects on the body and, especially, on the organ of vision, is an urgent problem of modern medicine. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the need for the prevention and treatment of visual impairment in adolescents with uncontrolled smartphone use. The article describes the negative effects of irrational use of computer gadgets on users' eyesight, clinical manifestations of computer vision syndrome and its component – dry eye syndrome, and describes in detail approaches to the prevention and treatment of visual impairment associated with uncontrolled use of computers and electronic gadgets. The results of our own research revealed the general prevalence of problematic smartphone use in 15.2% of adolescents, its more frequent occurrence in girls (21.2%) than boys (5.0%), and a higher prevalence of vision problems (computer vision syndrome, dry eye syndrome) in smartphone-dependent adolescents compared with independent ones. The authors conclude that the approach to the prevention and treatment of pathological changes in the body (primarily from the organ of vision) caused by the irrational use of modern gadgets should be comprehensive, including recommendations for optimizing the regime and working conditions with electronic computer devices, as well as the use of various ophthalmological measures in a complex of preventive and therapeutic measures funds.