Modern Interpretation Research Articles

Septic shock: treatment and modern interpretation of the issue

Septic shock: treatment and modern interpretation of the issue

Transformation of Women from Silent Lambs to Rational Nightingales in Shakespeare’s Play “Taming of the Shrew” and its Modern Re-Writing “Vinegar Girl”

Throughout the centuries, every individual living in society takes certain bias and beliefs into centre. These beliefs determine the way they treat each other and play a crucial role in daily life. Gender as a notion affects general perception of women’s role at this point. In this study, the subject matter of gender inequality and discrimination will be handled in Shakespeare’s well-known play “Taming Of The Shrew” and its modern interpretation named “Vinegar Girl” in terms of representation of women according to social codes. Thus, the difference between sex and gender will be firstly examined in a detailed way. As a debated matter, gender is a social construct whereas sex is based on biological level. Then, the universality of Shakespeare’s plays are still there since the social regulations and codes have validity in the modern world. In this sense, no matter how many years have passed, the characters in the novel of “Vinegar Girl” present the issue of discrimination and inequality between women and men on social level. The aim of this study is to highlight accepted role of women in society through various discourses, acts and behaviours. For this reason, descriptive research method which describes the features of phenomenon will be used to get necessary information about stated problem. Furthermore, the discussions about women’s perception as gender roles and transformation of them as individuals having a voice on their own in “Vinegar Girl” by a female author will be handled and presented to the reader by comparing this contemporary version to Shakespeare’s specific play.

Generalizations of Euler's Tonnetz on triangulated surfaces

We give a definition of a what we call a “tonnetz” on a triangulated surface, generalizing the famous Tonnetz of Euler (Euler, Leonhard. 1739. Tentamen novae theoriae musicae ex certissismis harmoniae principiis dilucide expositae. Saint Petersburg Academy, 147). In the modern interpretation of Euler’s Tonnetz, the vertices of a regular “ A 2 triangulation” of the plane are labelled with notes, or pitch-classes. In our generalization, we allow much more general labellings of triangulated surfaces. In particular, edge labellings turn out to lead to a rich set of examples. We construct natural examples that are related to crystallographic reflection groups and live on triangulations of tori. Underlying these, we observe a curious relationship between the mathematical Langlands duality and major/minor duality. We also construct “exotic” type- A 2 examples (different from Euler’s Tonnetz), and a tonnetz on a sphere that encodes all major ninth chords.

Genesis of regional innovation ecosystems: review and modern interpretation

The article deals with problems in the application of the innovative ecosystem concept. The research is based on systems theory, innovation system theory, the theory of regional innovation systems, and the concept of open innovation. The purpose of the study is to determine the theoretical basis for applying the ecosystem concept to the development of innovation systems in regions. In the course of the study the preconditions for the formation of innovative ecosystems in the regions (acceleration of innovation; complexity of the innovation process and interdisciplinary approach to innovation; application of the concept of open innovation; acceleration of introducing the innovation to the market; possibility of functional complementarity and cooperation; possibility of joint and more efficient use of resources and infrastructure; regional differentiation; innovation risks sharing) were identified. During the work the approaches to the concept of innovation ecosystem that reflect the multidimensionality of innovation ecosystems were revealed. The article clarifies the features of the innovative ecosystems (complexity, openness, interdependence and complementarity of elements, dynamism, non-linearity) and the innovative ecosystems principles (emergence, synergy, adaptability, self-development, sustainability, self-organization, co-evolution). The study highlights the mechanisms of interactions among subjects of the innovation ecosystem (cooperation, competition, coordination, regulation, joint management) that lead to a synergetic effect for the actors of the innovation ecosystem. The obtained results systematize knowledge about innovative ecosystems and form a theoretical basis for the features of their formation and development in the regions, which can find practical application when identifying instruments of regional innovation policy.

The modern meaning of “quality”: analysis, evolution and strategies

PurposeBuilding upon the foundational eight dimensions of quality proposed by Garvin (1987), this research formulates a modern meaning of “quality.” This new meaning aligns with and encapsulates the evolving sophistication of consumers, the strategic quality investments made by firms, and the current dynamics of sales.Design/methodology/approachDue to the complexity of the concept of quality, a triangulation approach is used, which is composed of the following: a review of the literature, an analysis of consumers’ quality dimensions using both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods, as well as a quantitative investigation (survey) of firms’ investments in quality dimensions and the links to sales.FindingsOur findings reveal the existence of 21 new and emerging dimensions through which consumers measure product quality, all of which complement Garvin’s dimensions. These dimensions contribute to a fresh and modern interpretation of quality. Although there are 29 dimensions of quality in total, firms should shape their strategies by focusing on usability, customization, efficiency, innovation, performance, perceived quality, serviceability, pricing, conformance quality, ethics, and sustainability. These dimensions align with consumer wants and positively correlate with firms’ sales.Originality/valueThis research identifies novel and contemporary dimensions of quality, serving to complement the eight dimensions previously delineated by Garvin (1987). Consequently, it contributes to updating the operations management literature on Total Quality Management, 36 years subsequent to the introduction of Garvin’s foundational dimensions.

The Concept of Just and Civilized Humanity in the 2nd Principle as viewed from QS An Nisa Verse 58 According to Tafsir Quraish Shihab

The large number of Indonesian people who do not practice the second principle, namely just and civilized humanity, makes this Pancasila useless. In fact, this second principle is also mentioned in surah an-nisa verse 58 and this verse has been confirmed by modern interpretations, one of which is the Al-Misbah interpretation. This research also compares Quraish Shihab's thoughts in his interpretation of Al-Misbah with Buya Hamka in his interpretation of Al-Azhar

Analisis Pembinaan Karakter: Membangun Transformasi Insan Kamil Menurut Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali

Character development in Islamic education is an integral part of shaping a generation with strong faith and high morals. The thoughts of Imam Al-Ghazali, as one of the leading figures in the intellectual tradition of Islam, provide a strong foundation for the development of the concept of "Insan Kamil" or the perfect human. This article aims to analyze the patterns of character development according to Imam Al-Ghazali's thoughts, focusing on efforts towards the transformation of Insan Kamil within the context of Islamic education. The research method employed is a descriptive-analytical approach to examine various works and concepts proposed by Imam Al-Ghazali regarding character development and the concept of Insan Kamil. Analysis is conducted on Al-Ghazali's classical texts and modern interpretations to understand their relevance and applicability in today's educational context. Findings from the study indicate that the concept of character development according to Imam Al-Ghazali provides a robust foundation for holistic and sustainable Islamic education. Principles taught by Al-Ghazali, such as emphasis on noble ethics, simplicity, and honesty, can effectively be integrated to shape individuals who are not only intellectually capable but also morally upright in everyday life.

The phenomenon of Jihad: Historical Transformation and Modern Interpretation

The article seeks to differentiate the religious concept of jihad from its modern politicized interpretation to reduce Islamophobia. A historical review of modern Islamic values and principles is carried out. To confirm the hypothesis put forward, the author uses reliable information from the Holy Quran and hadith. The classical views of the Muslim scholars Ibn Qasir and Abu Jafar al-Tabari, who defended the religion of Islam from various misconceptions, are also presented as sources. The author conducted an etymological and hermeneutic analysis of the theory of “armed jihad” and religious concepts distorted for various political reasons. The features of the impact of the microenvironment and individual factors affecting the radicalization of a person are determined. At the same time, the author widely informs about the comprehensive work and measures taken to prevent religious extremism and terrorism in Kazakhstan. The reasons for the spread of radical religious ideology in Kazakhstan are presented in three stages, taking into account Kazakhstan’s experience in combating them.

The evolution of the architecture of preschool education institutions in modern Ukraine

The publication discusses the main stages of the evolution of the architecture of preschool education institutions and the study of architectural solutions in preschool educational institutions in modern Ukraine. Changes in the organization of space, the use of materials, and the functionality of buildings that affect the quality of the educational process and the comfort of children are analyzed. The historical context, modern trends and requirements for preschool education institutions are taken into account. The results can be useful for architects, teachers and government agencies responsible for the development of preschool education. The architecture of preschool education institutions in modern Ukraine reflects the historical, social and cultural changes that have taken place in the country. From the first private kindergartens to modern innovative centers, the evolution of these spaces reflects changes in approaches to education and childcare. The evolution of the architecture of preschools in modern Ukraine is a testament to the changes in society and its attitudes toward early childhood development. From private initiatives to state support, from standardized buildings to individually designed centers, this evolution continues to influence the formation of the future generation. Today, the architecture of preschools reflects the current regulatory requirements of Ukraine, with an emphasis on creating a safe, stimulating and inclusive environment for children. Institutions are becoming more integrated into community life, using energy-efficient technologies and innovative approaches to learning and development. The design of new preschools also takes into account the preservation of Ukrainian cultural identity. Elements of folk decor and a modern interpretation of traditional Ukrainian motifs can be found in the interiors and exteriors of kindergartens.

The Conceptual and Categorical Apparatus of the Russian Middle Ages: Problems of Modern Interpretation

Introduction. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of medieval political and legal doctrine is currently little studied by the humanities. Unfortunately, it has been ignored by historians of state and law, political and legal doctrines, which often leads to the substitution of terms, their incorrect interpretation and use without taking into account their historical and modern content. Theoretical Basis. Methods. To obtain a scientific result, historical, historical-comparative and hermeneutic research methods, general logical techniques were used. Results. The article critically analyzes the basic concepts of the Russian medieval state and law of the XI–XIII centuries and draws attention to the need to correctly determine their essential properties, signs and patterns. Discussion and Conclusion. The value of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of any, including medieval, political and legal science is justified by the accurate interpretation and use of words and stable phrases expressed in concepts and categories, taking into account their historical content. It is unacceptable to use a modern conceptual and categorical apparatus without proper argumentation in relation to the Russian Middle Ages, since this will lead to the substitution of concepts or their identification, unjustifiably narrowing or expanding their content, and ultimately inadequate scientific conclusions.

Cognitivism as the Basis of Artificial Intelligence

The article examines the main issues of cognitivism as the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) in a modern philosophical interpretation of these entities. A classification of AI is given according to the level of cognitivism of basic functions. We consider the issues of the evolution of the cognitive capabilities of artificial intelligence. The problems of predictability of the negative impact of AI on society are raised. The article highlights the main cognitive distortions that are possible when using artificial intelligence in research, namely, the illusion of research breadth. The authors provide recommendations for researchers and editors of academic journals regarding a competent use of AI in scientific experiments. This work also raises the issue of trust in the field of cybersecurity of AI systems. The authors consider the hypothesis about the presence of consciousness in chatbots and draw clear conclusions about its absence.

Prolegomena to the study of Youxi Sanmei 遊戲三昧 Buddhist sacred play between agonism and mimicry

ABSTRACT This article outlines a genealogical profile of an elusive doctrinal concept that, after being discussed in several Mahāyāna sutras, had a significant impact on East Asian Buddhist traditions. This notion is known as ‘playful samādhi’, in Chinese youxi sanmei 遊戲三昧, which translates to Sanskrit vikrīḍita samādhi. The compound youxi 遊戲 (‘playful’ – ‘at play’) was cited in Chinese sutras and Buddhist documents, in renowned and widely diffused collections of gongans/kōans 公案, was expounded and commented on by Dōgen Zenji 道元禅師 (1200–1253) in its Japanese version yuge 遊戲 and was explored by modern scholars and interpreters as Ryōsuke Ōhashi 大橋良介 and Wu Rujun 吳汝均, who compares youxi 遊戲 with Schiller’s Spieltrieb . Given the significance of ‘playful samādhi’ across different epochs and cultures, I believe a clarification of the term is especially needed. Furthermore, explicit reference to contemporary scholarship on play studies can help uncover its philosophical implications, shedding new light on a complex notion that defies a univocal interpretation and reunites in its semantic field both the aesthetic and religious dimensions.

Nesmeyanova S.E. Levels (centers) of public authority: modern interpretation of theory and practice

Nesmeyanova S.E. Levels (centers) of public authority: modern interpretation of theory and practice

On some current aspects and new approaches to scientific understanding of the national characteristics of Russian statehood formation and evolution

The object of the study is the process of Russian statehood formation and historical transformation. The subject of the study is the analysis of existing in the Russian scientific and public thought (pre-revolutionary and modern) different approaches to the interpretation of national features of Russian statehood foundations origin and evolution. The authors emphasize a number of fundamental problems of Russian statehood development, which today require creative comprehension by scientific community. The article substantiates the position on the enduring significance of domestic researchers’ and thinkers’ conclusions about the uniqueness of the process of Russian statehood foundations origin in the Old Russian state, which was fundamentally different from similar processes in Western states, the Tsardom of Muscovy political system specificity, which consisted in the cathedral structure of the state and received ideological justification in the “autocratic sobornost” doctrine. Special attention has been paid to the conclusions related to assessing significance of the long coexistence in the Russian state of two parallel beginnings such as the monarchical vertical of power and the rich veche tradition, which compensated for the relative weakness of the monarchy in technical and political sense. For the first time the issue of what place in Russian statehood transformation was occupied by the Time of Troubles of the early 17th century has been investigated in detail. Attention has been drawn to the conclusions of pre-revolutionary scientists and thinkers about the determining role of the Time of Troubles, which it played in the new attitudes’ formation to the state and state power in Russian society, including in the context of modern interpretations. The determining role of zemstvo bodies in the years of the Time of Troubles in the collapsing state preservation and revival has been pointed out. The conclusion has been made about the similarity of the Russian system of power with the Byzantine model, traditionally characterized by a combination of a rigid monarchical vertical and horizontal of developed self-government. The role of the state idea uniting society in preserving stability and sustainability of any state has been emphasized.

MORAL ASPECTS OF DUTY AS A VALUE

Law and morality are integral and important components of modern society and play an important role in regulating relations within it. Norms of law and morality are closely intertwined in the process of social regulation, which determines the mutual influence on the essential content of each of them. The interaction of the two categories is reflected in the fact that the law contributes to the realization of moral principles in the minds of all members of society, in turn, under the influence of moral requirements, the law is constantly improved and increases its role as a social regulator of social relations. In addition, the interaction of morality and law is manifested in the fact that today both the national law of most states of the world and international law use such well-known principles as humanism, justice, equality, integrity, which are a reflection of the influence of moral principles on the formation of law in general. In other words, legal norms, in order to ensure the effectiveness of their action, respond to the moral requirements of modern society, reflecting them in their content. It is no less important to pay attention to the implementation of moral aspects in the formulation of legal obligations incumbent on citizens, since the level of their implementation and compliance directly depends on the level of implementation of moral principles and values prevailing in society. Regarding the moral aspects of duty as a value, it is worth noting that the process of formation of a legal duty was closely related to the precepts of morality, which was also reflected in the modern interpretation of duties. That is why we consider it expedient to investigate legal duty as a value for the presence of moral aspects in it and the importance of moral aspects in modern legal duty.

‘Congolité’: Dividing Lines in the Political Life of the Contemporary DRC

The article is devoted to the study of political identity in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The author pays particular attention to the modern interpretation of the concept of ‘Congolité’ – Congolese identity, which is in many ways identical to the idea of national citizenship. The concept of ‘Congolité’ itself is considered in the article as a set of legal norms, as an instrument of electoral struggle and as a symbolic construct. The concept has acquired a new meaning in the context of the 2021 draft law, and its return to domestic politics is significant for understanding the mood of Congolese society. The author also tries to identify the main lines of the identity debate and concludes that one of its constants is the problem of the political-legal status of the Rwandafon minority (Banyarwanda / Banyamulenge), and another is regional-linguistic fragmentation, which is reinforced by economic-demographic specificity. Both of these factors have a significant impact on internal voting patterns. The discourse of autochthonous ‘purity’ is seen as exacerbating this fragmentation and as generating conflict in Congo’s relations with states in the region, particularly Rwanda.

Linguo-cultural value of 忍 ‘patience’ in traditional and modern Chinese culture

The article outlines a gap in the comprehensive study of values and evaluation processes in human consciousness, emphasising how these processes are aligned with linguo-cultural concepts. The research aims to investigate the evolving cultural value of 忍 (rěn) ‘patience’ in Chinese culture, highlighting the significance of understanding these transformations in the context of axiological linguistics. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the cultural and linguistic significance of 忍 (rěn) in Chinese culture was employed. Lexicographical, contextual, and semantic analyses, along with cultural commentary, were applied to describe the multifaceted meanings of 忍 (rěn). The study also used a two-part experimental approach: first, a survey collected diverse Chinese perceptions of 忍 (rěn) through adjectives/nouns, and then an evaluative experiment with bipolar semantic scales measured attitudes towards patience along various dimensions. The findings point out shifts in the modern interpretation of忍 (rěn) within Chinese culture. While traditional values emphasise endurance and resilience, contemporary perspectives acknowledge the complexity of patience, recognising its strategic, interpersonal, and ethical dimensions. The concept of patience is evolving to encompass adaptability, compromise, and long-term vision, reflecting changing societal values and the influence of globalisation. Despite these shifts, the significance of 忍 (rěn) in fostering personal growth, social harmony, and ethical conduct remains central to contemporary Chinese values and societal norms. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the transformation of cultural values within society, illustrating how linguistic methods can be employed to study their evolving nature.

PROFESSOR IVAN TSVETAEV AND HIS METHODS OF THE EPIGRAPHIC RESEARCH: INTERPRETATION OF THE BRONZE FROM FALERII NOVI (CIL I2.365)

Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913) was an outstanding Russian сlassical philologist, art historian and archaeologist, professor at the Moscow State University. He was known as the founder of the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts. As a researcher, Tsvetaev was interested in Latin literature and Italic languages. The article is based on the linguistic analysis and interpretation of bronze tablet from Falerii Novi (CIL I2.365), published by Tsvetaev in the Ministry of Public Education journal in November 1883. Tsvetaev’s article is supplemented with comments of modern reading and explanation of some linguistic features, the historical grammar of Latin and other Italic languages, as well as a modern interpretation of the text and linguistic characteristics of the inscription language, which is still the subject of discussion. The article reveals an outstanding role of Tsvetaev in the development of the studies in Italic languages.

Křivda a odpor : konstrukce alternativní modernity a mobilizace amerických konzervativních věřících

This article explores much debated contemporary development in the contestation of the dominant, liberal interpretation of modernity by conservative Christians in the United States through counter hegemonic discourse that is deployed in the political arena and facilitates broader cultural struggle. The examination combines the analysis of discourse from the extensive corpus of data produced by five elite actors in the American religious and political milieu and its interplay with the socioeconomic factors of their constituency on the one hand and the institutional and historical context of accounts. Following in the footsteps of critical sociology of religion, emphasis was placed on processes through which the actors establish a claim for power and legitimize the application of moral rationality as the different path to modern society. Employment of discursive instruments in form of myths, narratives, and negative representations tied to specific religious language, is not only showing the permeability of the church-state separation in supposedly secular political arrangements. More importantly, it is unrevealing the authoritative, mobilizational power of the religious matrix of emotionally motivating meanings and identity-making narratives in face of shortcomings and crises of the hegemonic socio-political constellation. In this manner, it serves as a tool to challenge established interpretations of commitments to freedom and equality, or in many instances reinterprets them to legitimize policy entailed in the notion of collective morality. However, this considerable engagement also creates points of contention in society and in religious formations, which leads to their fragmentation between different interpretations of such commitments.

A VARIANT OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH "RUSSIA ISLAND"

We continue the series of publications devoted to the civilizational approach and the theory of civiliza-tion developed by Russian thinkers. In the modern interpretation, the nature of civilization and its signs were very often justifi ed using the natural and climatic factor. In the work "The Island of Russia" under consideration, the principle of geographical determinism is presented in the most detail. V. L. Tsymbursky’s consideration of the ci-vilizational approach includes a detailed analysis of the island’s interaction with straits territories and an attempt to classify "straits".