Modern Information Society Research Articles

FORMATION OF A MODEL OF INFORMATION LITERACY IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY OF THE XXI CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EU COUNTRIES)

The relevance of the study of information literacy in the 21st century is paramount in the context of education and social development, particularly in light of the prevailing trend of digitalisation. Information literacy has emerged as a crucial skill set for effectively navigating the modern information society, characterised by the exponential growth and accessibility of information. The ability to engage with information critically and proficiently has become indispensable for personal and professional advancement in today's world. The subject of the article revolves around the significance of information literacy in the 21st century, particularly in the context of education and social development amidst the digitalisation trend. Methodology. Using a variety of methods and approaches, including cross-cultural, systemic, structural-functional, institutional, anthropological and axiological approaches, as well as general scientific methods, the authors aim to identify the strengths and weaknesses of people in information literacy and develop strategies to improve their competence in this area. The study employs a comprehensive approach to investigate both the theoretical and practical aspects of information literacy formation in the modern era. The overarching approach involves integrating information literacy into the educational curriculum, providing support to educators and fostering an environment conducive to the cultivation of these skills among students and the broader populace. This holistic approach recognises the importance of information literacy as a cornerstone of modern education and social progress, ensuring that individuals are equipped to thrive in an increasingly digitised world. In this study, the primary objective is to explore both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of information literacy in the contemporary era. Information literacy encompasses not only the capacity to effectively interact with information but also the ability to evaluate it critically and leverage it to accomplish specific objectives. The theoretical and practical significance of this study lies in fostering digital competence, which entails not only understanding the digital landscape but also actively utilising technology and problem-solving skills. In conclusion, the study emphasises the paramount importance of information literacy in the contemporary era characterised by rapid digitalisation. As society grapples with the challenges and opportunities presented by the influx of information, the ability to navigate, evaluate, and utilise information effectively emerges as a linchpin for personal and societal advancement.

TECHNOMEDIA AS A SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

This article analyzes the origins and significance of the practice of introducing telecommunication tools in the formation of a modern information society. The main focus is on the sociopolitical program of «media realism» and the role of technical innovations in its implementation. The author examines the philosophical concepts of M. Heidegger, B. Latour and M. Delanda, and their contribution to the development of an ontological understanding of the media space. Special attention is paid to identifying the pragmatic and cultural-psychological functions of the means of communication, their role in modern military-strategic discourse. The article emphasizes the militaristic nature of techno-media, revealing the material and technical basis of this sphere, which consists in the intensive interaction of communication actors and their struggle for control over information flows. The purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of techno-media on philosophical discourse and to discover its role in the modern media space. The research used methods of ontological analysis and a comparative historical approach to reveal the fundamental aspects of the relationship between the dynamics of the development of the media space and philosophical theories.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ

Digital technologies are bringing more and more changes to various areas of human activity, including education. In the modern information society, digital literacy is becoming an integral part of education throughout the world. Due to the rapid development of technology and the increasing use of digital tools and resources in the educational process, teachers need to have the skills to work with them. In Kyrgyzstan, the problem of developing teachers’ digital literacy to improve the quality and expand access to school education is also relevant. This article analyzes educational policy on developing teachers’ digital literacy. The article discusses the results and experience of introducing modern digital learning technologies based on a competency-based approach in the Kyrgyz State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports named after B.T. Turusbekov. The pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional competence are discussed. The results of a survey among teachers of CIS countries’ universities to determine the level of development of digital skills in working on information platforms are presented.

Optical encryption by dynamically modulating the spatial frequency of light fields

Optical encryption has received increasing attention recently as information security is playing a crucial role in the modern information society. Particularly, the intensive investigation and rapid development of metasurfaces have significantly facilitated the research of optical encryption with enhanced security and increased capacity for information. Nevertheless, most metasurface encryption schemes still suffer from the challenge of dynamic modulation. Here, we demonstrate a novel dynamic optical encryption scheme in which information can be encrypted in light fields in a reconfigurable manner. Specifically, the spatial frequencies of optical images are utilized as information carriers and dynamically modulated for encrypting information. With the developed reconfigurable Fourier optics technique, various kinds of messages can be directly embedded in the spatial frequency domain of the ciphertext images and maintained with high fidelity. Importantly, information security and capacity can benefit from high-speed dynamic modulation with advanced coding techniques, an example of which has been demonstrated via exploiting the position, profile, and time degrees of freedom of spatial frequency. The proposed novel optical encryption scheme may pave the way for realizing high-performance information encryption systems.

Этика рекламного дискурса: коммуникативный аспект

In the modern information society, the role of various forms of communication is actualized. Advertising, being one of the forms of communication, has a direct impact on the ethical attitudes of society, forming the consciousness of the mass audience. The problem of ethics of advertising messages has been comprehensively studied by the scientific community, but the relationship between ethics and communication as two aspects of the impact of advertising discourse on society is not considered in most works.
 
 The purpose is to analyze the communicative component of the ethics of advertising discourse and to consider the use of ethical concepts in advertising communication.
 
 Methodology. Comparative, comparative, and linguistic scientific methods were used to conduct the analysis. The practical basis of the research is the material of modern advertising discourse.
 
 Outcomes. As a result of the study, the definition of advertising ethics was formulated, taking into account its communicative nature. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the ethics of advertising discourse through the prism of communication theory.
 
 The practical significance of the study lies in the consideration of the communicative aspect of advertising communication from the standpoint of ethics, which ensures the formation of a healthy society and reduces the negative impact of the manipulative nature of advertising. The results of the study will be useful both to specialists studying advertising communication and to practitioners of the advertising industry in terms of advertising ethics.

Current Situation and Development Perspectives of the National Library of Azerbaijan Named After M. F. Akhundov

In the era of the modern information society, the eminent librarian scientist, Honored cultural worker, professor K.I. Ismayilov gave a special place to the problems of scientific and theoretical analysis of the formation of library funds in his wide-ranging scientific heritage and made deep generalizations. The scientist writes in his book "Library-information technologies": "Libraries, as an institution that fulfills the function of meeting the document-information needs of society, play the role of a necessary tool in the formation of civil society. Information resources of libraries have no time and space limitations. On the other hand, in addition to being a place where existing documents are stored, libraries play the role of a door to the world of information thanks to modern technologies. The article provides brief information about the history of the National Library named after M.F. Akhundov, and mentions the scientific-theoretical basis of the formation of the library fund.

Data storage format for analytical systems based on metadata and dependency graphs between CSV and JSON

In the modern information society, the volume of data is constantly growing, and its effective processing is becoming key for enterprises. The transmission and storage of this data also plays a critical role. Big data used in analytics systems is most often transmitted in one of two popular formats: CSV for structured data and JSON for unstructured data. However, existing file formats may not be effective or flexible enough for certain data analysis tasks. For example, they may not support complex data structures or provide sufficient control over metadata. Alternatively, analytical tasks may require additional information about the data, such as metadata, data schema, etc. Based on the above, the subject of this study is a data format based on the combined use of CSV and JSON for processing and analyzing large amounts of information. The option of sharing the designated data types for the implementation of a new data format is proposed. For this purpose, designations have been introduced for the data structure, which includes CSV files, JSON files, metadata and a dependency graph. Various types of functions are described, such as aggregating, transforming, filtering, etc. Examples of the application of these functions to data are given. The proposed approach is a technique that can significantly facilitate the processes of information analysis and processing. It is based on a formalized approach that allows you to establish clear rules and procedures for working with data, which contributes to their more efficient processing. Another aspect of the proposed approach is to determine the criteria for choosing the most appropriate data storage format. This criterion is based on the mathematical principles of information theory and entropy. The introduction of a criterion for choosing a data format based on entropy makes it possible to evaluate the information content and compactness of the data. This approach is based on the calculation of entropy for selected formats and weights reflecting the importance of each data value. By comparing entropies, you can determine the required data transmission format. This approach takes into account not only the compactness of the data, but also the context of their use, as well as the possibility of including additional meta-information in the files themselves and supporting data ready for analysis.

The Relationship Between the Daily Use of Digital Technologies and the Reading and Information Literacy Skills of 15-Year-Old Students

<p style="text-align:justify">Digital technologies in all forms have become ubiquitous in our media-rich, modern information society, but the connection between their use and information literacy is not always clear. This paper examines the impact of daily use of digital technologies on the reading and information literacy skills of 15-year-old students in Slovenia, based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 study. The study examines PISA 2018 variables related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as a reading task involving the use of ICT. The sample consists of 2612 Slovenian students with a gender distribution of 50.8% girls and 49.2% boys. The study explores students' experiences, enjoyment, self-efficacy, autonomy, and independence in using ICT and learning about its use and identifies two groups of students: one group that is curious and another that is cautious. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) show that the constructs of enjoyment, self-efficacy, learning, autonomy, and independence are highly/strongly correlated but have a low/insignificant impact on information literacy skills.</p>

Problems in developing the digital competence of modern future teachers in the context of globalisation

Relevance. This study examines one of the most important problems of modern information society – the relevance of information and communication technologies, being elements found in many situations in the public environment. Purpose. The authors of this study were theoretically able to focus on the studied digital competence in the context of globalisation and, based on the works of scholars, show the possibilities of improving the conditions of future teaching staff from the most important scientific-theoretical-methodological point of view. Methodology. To achieve this reality, by making an effort towards digital competence in the context of globalisation and achieving the expected results, using information and communication technology (ICT), it is possible to direct the work towards advancement. Results. Digital competencies, digital literacy and the level of digital knowledge development are formed during distance learning, the best ways to apply digital skills are discussed, and relevant information and skills in the field of digital literacy are demonstrated. Conclusions. Nowadays, the approach to the issue of new technology is changing dramatically – both reality and virtuality have become an integrated whole. A digital world has emerged that is changing human activities and lives. In today's society, one wants to become a user of the virtual space or a specialist who supports it. The close relationship between reality and virtuality gives our modern times features such as homogeneity, complexity, flexibility, mobility, speed, paradox and uncertainty, which have replaced balance and stability.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АУТЕНТИФИКАЦИИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДОСТУПОМ

The scientific article explores innovative authentication and access control technologies in the modern information society. The article analyzes the existing authentication and access control methods, as well as examines the latest trends and developments in this area. Special attention is paid to the use of biometric data, machine learning and artificial intelligence to ensure the safety and convenience of users. The article also discusses the advantages, challenges and prospects of using innovative authentication and access control technologies in various fields, including information security, financial services, healthcare and others.

Transformação da filosofia educacional: uma avaliação da inovação na gestão do ensino superior no contexto do Big Data

Abstract: With the modern information society’s rapid development, Big Data (BD) has brought great convenience to residents’ lives. Under the background of BD, the application of information technology in various fields has become a trend. Through the transformation of educational philosophy, Higher Education Management (HEM) has also taken on new characteristics and generated new development directions. This article explored the shortcomings and reasons of traditional HEM work, pointed out current problems in it and explained the necessity of innovation in it. This article also analyzed the advantages and development of BD technology in management work. Through the new ideas, methods and tools brought by Big Data technology to Higher Education Management, it was demonstrated that BD technology supported the development of innovative teaching mode, provided a positive learning environment and reduces management costs. Based on the characteristics of HEM work and the advantages of BD technology, innovative research was conducted to analyze students’ learning efficiency and enthusiasm to illustrate the innovative effect of HEM work. BD technology, including Artificial Intelligence and precise and flexible management, brings new ideas, methods and tools to HEM, effectively improving efficiency, enhancing students’ happiness and reducing labor management costs. They support the development of innovative teaching models, offer university students a positive learning environment and cut down on management costs.

A two-dimensional PtSe2 thin film coupled with a graphene/Si Schottky junction for a high-performance photodetector.

Silicon materials are irreplaceable in the modern information society because of their rich resource, low price, and mature manufacturing technology for optoelectronics. However, improving the responsivity and response speed of silicon-based photodetectors is still a challenge. Here, a double-heterojunction photodetector (PD) by coupling two-dimensional PtSe2 thin film with a graphene/silicon Schottky junction is proposed. The introduction of PtSe2 enhances the built-in electric field of the device, thus suppressing the dark-state current and promoting the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Under 808 nm laser illumination, the PtSe2/graphene/Si PD exhibits an optimal responsivity, specific detectivity, and response speed of 0.81 A W-1, 1.24 × 109 Jones, and 43.6/51.2 μs, respectively. These performance indexes are obviously better than the corresponding graphene/Si device. Furthermore, the PtSe2/graphene/Si PD has good environmental durability and photoresponse ability from the ultraviolet to near-infrared. This work will provide new possibilities for designing novel silicon-based photodetection devices with high performance and fast response.

Сluster analysis of long-term crop yield data in crop rotation

Today, cluster analysis is one of the most effective tools for processing large amounts of information and is used wherever computing technology is used, since data and the results of their analysis play an increasingly important role in modern information society, and clustering allows for a better understanding of this data. Whenever it is necessary to classify a large amount of information of this kind and present it in a form suitable for further processing, cluster analysis turns out to be very useful and effective. The analysis of 48-year observations on 107 variables (crop yield, crop rotation by tillage techniques and means of intensification, crop contamination, soil moisture content under sowing during the growing season, the sum of non-vegetative precipitation, the sum of decadal precipitation and average decadal air temperatures during the growing season) using clustering by the Ward method allowed us to group observations into 6 clusters and use them to analyze the studied variables. An average positive relationship of soil moisture content before sowing with the amount of non-vegetative precipitation and a negative one with air temperature in May has been established. Linear regression equations of the positive relationship of yield with the consumption of soil moisture during the growing season, precipitation in June-July and negative clogging and average air temperature in May-July were selected.

Modern information society and the new period of journalism

Introduction. The development of new information technologies makes corrections not only in science, but also in the media space. In the era of information globalization, the development of cross-media, in the era of information wars and the formation of new information and political communities, the problem of determining compromises between the functioning of civil society and media institutions has arisen. Relevance and purpose. The relevance of the research is outlined by studying the changes taking place in Ukrainian journalism. The goal is to determine the role and place of the mass media in social and political institutions as factors in ensuring the democratic and political rights and freedoms of citizens. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is a combination of general scientific methods and special methods and approaches. The processing of the source base was based on the application of analytical-synthetic, logical methods, which helped to formulate a system of initial theoretical propositions, principles of selection, analysis and generalization of the research material. The methods of comparative-historical, analytical, interdisciplinary analysis and synthesis are also applied. Empirical research was conducted by the survey method. The results. The development of Ukrainian journalism in the new period of history is difficult, as there is a «persecution» of journalists and obstruction of their activities. In the current period of «clanization» of the Ukrainian media, there is a return to censorship and the transformation of pro-government mass media into means of propaganda, and the appearance or restoration of censorship in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. depends on a number of events in recent history related to the actions of the government, the weakness of civil society, the absence of the rule of law, economic instability, the absence of a middle class, and the presence of a shadow sphere of politics and economics. Conclusions. The new world order in the information space creates new threats: the threat of distortion of the communication process in society regarding the perception of information; the threat of political control; the threat of new opportunities to manipulate public opinion.

МАНИПУЛЯЦИЯ КАК НЕТРАНСАКЦИОННАЯ ПЕРЛОКУЦИЯ

In the modern information society, access to information and means of communication has become easier and more widely available, which creates a more vulnerable environment for manipulation. This article examines the phenomenon of manipulation (to manipulate) as a non-transactional perlocution. The research methodology includes content analysis of the literature, definition of key concepts, and contextual analysis to determine the characteristics of manipulation as a non-transactional perlocution. Manipulation by us is considered as a perlocution in which the recipient allegedly cannot take part (unlike such perlocutions as convincing or charming). The concepts of persuasion, manipulation and zombification are revealed and their use in media discourse is compared with the medieval expressions of seduction and darkening. The role of demons, which in medieval texts influence people in such a way that they cannot free themselves from the power of evil, is today partly prescribed to the media and the Internet. However, the assertion of media power should not serve as an excuse for the evil feelings, beliefs and actions of recipients. Manipulation can be blocked by the recipient if he self-critically asks himself whether the influence of his media consumption leads to evil. Disclosure of these issues will allow us to more deeply understand the nature of manipulation as a non-transactional perlocution and come closer to solving the issues of promoting media literacy as a tool to counter manipulation, and develop practical recommendations for improving public safety and the effectiveness of communication.

ОГЛЯД МЕХАНІЗМІВ ROOT CAUSE АНАЛІЗУ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ МЕРЕЖ

Telecommunication networks are an integral part of modern information society, providing data transmission and communication among millions of users worldwide. The complexity and scale of these networks are constantly growing, which increases the demands on their reliability and stability. One of the key tasks in ensuring the efficient operation of telecommunication networks is the identification and elimination of the root causes of failures and anomalies that can significantly affect the quality of service for end users. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a powerful tool for identifying the primary causes of problems, preventing their recurrence, and enhancing the overall reliability of networks. The article provides a detailed review of contemporary methods and tools of RCA used in telecommunication networks. In particular, methods such as fishbone diagram analysis, the «five whys» method, fault tree analysis, and the application of machine learning for big data analysis are considered. Each of these approaches has its advantages and disadvantages, and their comprehensive use allows for higher accuracy and efficiency in identifying the root causes of problems. Practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of applying various RCA methods to solve specific problems in telecommunication networks. For instance, the use of fishbone diagram analysis and the «five whys» method allows for the identification of the primary causes of network delays and equipment issues at base stations. The implementation of failure prediction systems based on machine learning significantly enhances network reliability by allowing for the early detection of potential problems and the necessary technical measures. The prospects for the development of RCA in telecommunication networks are outlined. The primary focus is on the development of adaptive and self-learning systems capable of dynamically responding to changing network conditions. The use of more complex artificial intelligence algorithms and tools for predicting potential problems will significantly improve the effectiveness of RCA and ensure high-quality telecommunication services.

Особливості SMART-систем: необхідність і доцільність їх використання при моделюванні бізнес-процесів підприємства

Taking into account the key factors of the development of society, the expediency of using certain information technologies for the effective competitive development of enterprises is emphasized. The need for the use of appropriate information technologies is confirmed by the advantages of their implementation. In the course of the study, it is disclosed that the basis of the modern information society is certain SMART-systems, and the driver of competitive development of enterprise is the re-engineering of its business processes, which determined the purpose of the study. To achieve the goal of defining and clarifying the features of SMART-systems to ensure the effective implementation of business processes of the enterprise, the methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, idealization, analogy, and concretization were used. The content of the concept of «SMART-systems» is characterized, the features of the application are described. The expediency and necessity of dividing SMART-systems into certain types depending on their vector-level application have been determined. The features of SMART-systems of each of the selected groups are outlined. The expediency of dividing SMART-systems into the proposed groups is substantiated by the possibility of their more operative implementation, faster adaptation, wider range of application and the ability to combine them as constituent elements of the hierarchical structure of an integral system. The hierarchical interaction of information systems of different groups will contribute to the formation of a comprehensive SMART-system for ensuring the effective competitive development of an individual enterprise with its component technologies, software products, etc., due to the possibility of combining the advantages of some systems, leveling the difficulties of implementing others. It is substantiated that the integrity of the information and digital support of the enterprise’s activities will contribute to the choice of more effective options for the interaction of individual business processes, their more efficient implementation and more flexible editing depending on changes in the conditions for the functioning of enterprises, as well as focusing more attention on key business processes at a particular point in time.

Current issues of the development of the global information infrastructure as the technological basis of the modern information society under the conditions of martial law

Current issues of the development of the global information infrastructure as the technological basis of the modern information society under the conditions of martial law

ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article enhances the scientific provisions on understanding the nature of the digital economy and the logic of disclosing its essence through the use of institutional analysis methods and substantiates the relationship between the development of institutions and digital technologies. It is determined that the digital economy is an institutional system consisting of digital products and digital infrastructure, based on digital technologies, formed and developed on the basis of rules and norms (institutions) characteristic of the modern information society. The publication proves that the directions of institutional construction of the system are determined by the strategic goals of development of a particular society, and the development of the institutional system affects the efficiency of the economy. The research identifies parallel ways of forming an institutional system in order to meet the current level of technology: reforms of government bodies and traditions and customs (routines). The paper proves that the contradictions that arise in the period of a sharp breakdown of traditional institutions can be resolved only through the creation of an effective institutional system of a transformational society. Theoretical approaches to the digital economy are developed by clarifying the institutional foundations of the digital economy, which ensure the formation of civilised social relations in society, give an impetus to economic growth and improve the welfare of the population. The transformation of the institutional system on the basis of certain principles will be able to ensure the socio-economic development of society. The institutional foundations (principles) of the digital economy include the following: economic freedom of economic activity and consumer choice; assurance of inalienable rights and freedoms of the individual; creation of incentives for increasing the efficiency of social production through digitalisation; effective control over the observance of existing and new formal rules governing the relationship between the individual and society with the application of sanctions provided for by law to all violators; knowledge orientation; digital representation of objects; provision of an increase in the living standards of all social groups; virtualisation of production; access to digital information and communication; development of digital infrastructure (financial, educational, medical, governmental, logistics, etc.); improvement of digital products and diversification of their types; digital security; enhancement of competition and control of monopolies. The study determines that institutionalisation of the digital economy means transformation of the intentions of society and economic (implicit) entities to create a favourable environment (benefit) for exchange in the form of legal norms through economic and legal regulatory activities of real subjects of power.

Digitalisation in the provision of social services: Rural counties perspective

Digitisation affects all sectors of the economy, including social work. For social service providers (broadly speaking), it is both an opportunity and a challenge. The extent to which professionals manage the use of the digital space for social services has an impact on the accessibility and quality of services for end-users. Technology and innovative digital solutions create opportunities to tackle territorial inequalities and improve the quality of life of people living in rural areas. The provision of social services and assistance is an autonomous function of each municipality. Digital literacy is a component of human capital that includes skills in information flow, communication, safety, content creation, and problem solving in a digital environment. The article presents the results of a study on the digital literacy of social service providers working in rural areas of Latvia. The aim of the study is to find out the self-assessment of digital literacy, understanding, and attitudes towards digitalisation of social services among social service providers. The research instrument is based on the “Citizens’ Digital Competence Framework” (Digi Comp 2.1). The results of the study provide a basis for discussion not only on routine skills in the use of technical tools, but also on a deeper understanding of digitisation in the context of the emergence of a modern information society.