Modern Government Research Articles

STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: COOPERATION AND INTERCONNECTION

Civil society is an important component of a legal and democratic state and therefore, in modern government policy, it is necessary to increase the role of civil society and implement a number of reforms. Modern times are characterised by a tendency to identify innovative channels for ensuring interaction between civil society institutions and the state. These political and legal phenomena cannot develop separately from each other; their existence is due to development in tandem. The civilisation of a democratic state depends on the level of development of civil society institutions, their maturity and the possibility of real influence on political processes in the country. The study of the significance of such interaction and its effectiveness are of great importance for the issues of legal theory and practice, however it is also the subject of numerous discussions.

Research on the Innovative Path of Rural Grassroots Party Organization Construction Leading the Modernization of Rural Governance

This article focuses on the role and challenges of rural grassroots party organizations in leading the modernization of rural governance, conducting in-depth research and analysis from aspects such as party organization system construction, inadequate function, and integration with villagers' self-government organizations. It analyzes the current development status of rural grassroots party organizations and the connotation of the modernization of rural governance, and dissects the problems of inadequate system in party building work, insufficient function of the party organization, and insufficient coordinated development with villagers' self-government organizations. Based on this, optimization countermeasures such as strengthening system construction, clarifying functional positioning, and promoting the deep integration of party organizations and villagers' self-government organizations are proposed. It summarizes the significance and practical operation guidance of these countermeasures for improving the role of rural grassroots party organizations in the modernization of rural governance.

Concept of Federalism and Decentralization of Administrative Powers: Reflection of ‘Manusmriti’ in Modern Governance of the Republic of India

The democratic federalism of India has earned wide appreciation across the globe as one of the best models of modern administration. But the root of this model is found much before India gained independence in the middle of the 20th century in an ancient holy book, ‘Manusanhita’, created several thousand years ago by a well-known intellectual sage Manu. Manu’s idea of federalism, decentralization of administrative power, rational tax administration, realistic foreign policy and his concept of law-making have similarity with the administrative frame work and long-cherished policy of India. Suresh Chandra Bandopadhyay in his translated, explanatory and edited version entitled ‘Manusanhita’ from Manu’s real text book has discussed how Manu’s concept had influenced the legislators of Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Japan, Germany etc. in carving their administrative and legislative framework. In this paper, we’ll evaluate the impact of ‘Manusmriti’ or ‘Manusanhita’ on the governance and legislation of India and also assess the perceptions of Manu on the issues of casteism and women-independence.

Rural Self-Organizing Resilience: Village Collective Strategies and Negotiation Paths in Urbanization Process in the TPSNT Framework: A Case Study of the Hongren Village, China

Studies on rural transformation in the context of urbanization have always analyzed it from a single linear perspective, either top-down or bottom-up. This leads to simplistic generalizations of rural transformation models and the standardization of policy implementation. Based on the TPSN analytical framework, this study adds the temporality dimension to form a more comprehensive TPSNT framework. This paper explores the complex construction of rural space in rural transformation from the five dimensions of “territory, place, scale, network and temporality“ and takes the urban village, Hongren, in Kunming City, China, as a case study to analyze the specific transformation process of a village. The research revealed the following: First, in the face of land loss caused by government land acquisition, traditional rural autonomous organizations that have been hidden under the modern governance system have been revived under the influence of traditional elites and completed bottom-up territorialization by using some “maneuver spaces “to form a spatial base for negotiation with the government. Second, the cohesion of traditional rural autonomous organizations has increased during this process, and with the help of mobile capital such as media and personal connections, they have developed social networks that transcend the spatial boundaries of villages. Third, these newly constructed social networks are used to carry out various political strategies at various scales and finally negotiated with the government to rewrite the planning plan so that the village can continue to develop and integrate into the city. Finally, the analysis of the temporal dimensions of Hongren village revealed that even within the same village, changes in the other four dimensions develop dynamically, and rural transformation is an ongoing process. Therefore, when the government deals with rural issues in the process of urbanization, it should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach. Unified policy implementation standards will have an irreversible negative impact on rural autonomous organizations.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN REFORMASI BIROKRASI BERDAMPAK DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

Bureaucratic Reform has become a crucial issue in facing challenges and changes in the modern government order. Every government entity, both ministries, institutions, and regions, is required to implement the bureaucratic reform agenda to improve the competence of ASN with a professional work culture that has high integrity, effective performance, free and protected from various bureaucratic pathologies and avoid harmful practices. This study aims to analyze the implementation of bureaucratic reform in Tulungagung Regency. This research applies qualitative methods using in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis as data collection techniques. The focus of this research is to use the theory of policy implementation from Edward III, which sees policy implementation from four indicators: communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that there was a positive development in the implementation of RB based on the Bureaucratic Reform Index and the ASN professionalism index in Tulungagung Regency. However, there are still many obstacles encountered such as policies that have not been integrated, the low quality of human resources, and administrative problems in public services so that acceleration of RB transformation is needed. This research is expected to provide relevant and evidence-based policy recommendations to support the government's efforts to improve the efficiency and quality of public services through bureaucratic reform.

Islamic View On Secularism Through The Methodology Of Maudhu'i Interpretation

This study investigates the genesis of secularism stemming from discontent with divine principles. It aims to delve into the Qur'anic perspective on secularism, employing a Tafsir Maudhu'iapproach. The qualitative methodology, utilizing descriptive techniques and library research, focuses on verses pertinent to secularism. Analysis reveals the Qur'an's implicit disapproval of secularism, evident in Surah Al-Hajj, verse 11, highlighting the consequences of separating worldly matters from religion. The findings underscore the inseparability of religious and worldly affairs, constituting an integral unity. This study emphasizes the interdependence between these realms, emphasizing that their detachment is untenable. It prompts reflection on the implications of secularization on religious beliefs and societal structures, challenging prevailing discourses on the division between religion and state. Ultimately, it contributes to a nuanced understanding of the intersection between religious teachings and contemporary governance paradigms.Furthermore, the study aims to contextualize its findings within the broader discourse on the relationship between religion and state in contemporary societies. By examining the implications of secularization on religious beliefs and societal structures, it seeks to shed light on the complexities of governance in pluralistic contexts. Through this nuanced exploration, the study not only challenges prevailing discourses but also offers insights into navigating the intersection between religious teachings and modern governance paradigms. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of fostering dialogue and understanding between religious and secular perspectives to promote social cohesion and inclusive governance frameworks. Thus, this study contributes to the ongoing conversation on the role of religion in shaping public life and informs efforts to create more equitable and harmonious societies

Threshold effects of Government digital development and land resource disparity on Urban carbon efficiency in China

Government digital development has become deeply intertwined with modern governance frameworks in the rapidly advancing digital landscape. It has emerged as a crucial force driving the implementation of public policies and improving administrative efficiency. Understanding how government digital development impacts carbon efficiency and analyzing its underlying mechanisms has become a subject of great interest. This study employs two-way fixed-effects and threshold models to investigate how government digital development influences carbon efficiency using Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2022. The findings reveal that government digital development significantly enhances carbon efficiency. It highlights the significant role of land resource mismatches in limiting the positive impact of government digital development on carbon efficiency.Regarding regional differences, the study finds that the positive effect of government digital development on city carbon efficiency is more pronounced in eastern and central regions and non-resource cities. The results of threshold regression analysis indicate that government digital development negatively correlates with carbon efficiency when it falls below a certain threshold. However, this negative effect becomes insignificant when government digital development surpasses the threshold value.

E-Government Implementation on the Example of Georgia

Abstract The term ‘digitalization’ of public administration, used as a synonym for ‘e-government,’ fi rst implies the implementation of fast, secure procedures by an administrative body. E-governance, or as it is more recently termed, digital governance, involves the introduction of innovations and technologies in public governance/administration. It can be argued that the digitalization of public administration against the background of contemporary social challenges may be the key of opportunities for both the state and members of the society. Despite its certain conditionality, the electronic governance index (since 2003, the United Nations has issued a comparative index of countries’ e-governance every two years, based on three main indicators) profi ciently reflects the dynamics of countries’ efforts in introducing innovations in public administration and involving citizens in the process of e-services, which ultimately contributes to bringing citizens closer to modern digital administration. The article refers to the legal aspects of using digital means in e-government on the example of Georgia. The reform of public administration in Georgia started in 2015, after the Association Agreement was signed between Georgia and the European Union. Georgia has already fulfi lled several commitments in the framework of this program in terms of striving for more transparent governance, but despite this, the mentioned reform faces challenges on this path. The article examines aspects of e-government such as e-services, e-participation, personal data protection, and the impact of e-government implementation on the efficiency of public administration. Since the mentioned issue is complex in nature and extends in several directions, the article discusses the regulation of electronic administrative proceedings and the effectiveness of its use in the process of implementing public administration, stages of modernization of state governance, types of electronic proceedings, possibilities of legitimate governance from the administrative body, and prospects for its implementation on the example of Georgia.

Cross-Organisational Collaboration Management of Digital Innovation in the Public Sector - The Case of the Estonian Employment Register

Abstract Cross-organisational collaboration management has been an important topic in academic literature, representing the nexus of modern governance arrangements. Organisational boundaries are becoming increasingly blurry with continuous digitalisation through new interaction patterns, resulting in the proliferation of cross- organisational collaborations across sectors and within the public sector. This study contributes to the existing literature by analysing cross-organisational collaboration management within the public sector through the case of the Estonian Employment Register. The author conducted semi-structured interviews with engaged stakeholders and coded the data with a concept-driven and data-driven coding scheme for the analysis. The interviews were analysed for occurrences and co-occurrences. The case highlights the role of system context (pre-established connections, decentralisation, digital infrastructure), process challenges (differences in perspectives, organisation-centric approach, power imbalances) and management interventions (contingent leadership, shifting roles, trilateral connections) for cross-organisational collaborations. The findings demonstrate the importance of pre-existing informal connections in shaping the available alternatives for instruments. Digitally capable agencies can capitalise on opportunities for digital innovation through their technological capability and reputation. The key challenges remain with expanding the cognitive framework beyond the established interaction arenas to adapt to perspectives beyond the initial networks. The ability to maximise the potential of digital innovation is also contingent on designing compatible human interaction processes to manage machine interactions.

The Role of Constitutional Law in Realizing Modern Government in the Digital Era

The Role of Constitutional Law in Realizing Modern Government in the Digital Era

Legal problems of adoptive families in China

In the People's Republic of China, as in many other countries of the world, modern government policy in the field of family relations is focused on mobilizing the entire society to support families in raising children and supporting children left without parental care, including through placing children in foster care families. However, the legislation in the area of placement of children left without parental care is not perfect and requires a subjective assessment in terms of its compliance with the interests of children’s rights. This form of placement for children without parental care, like a foster family, has made in Chinese legislation relatively recently and is important for protecting the rights and interests of children without parental care. At the same time, the existing legislative rules ensuring the placement of children left without parental care in foster families are not perfect. Thus, the legal problems of placing children without parental care in foster families, related both to the restrictive framework that is imposed on the children themselves who are subject to placement in foster families, and the restrictive framework that is established for the foster families themselves (the age limit of parents, the number of children who can be raised in one foster family) deserve special attention. The article focuses on the legal problems of placing children without parental care in foster families. An analysis of existing problems has shown that there is an urgent need to modernize legislative norms related to placement in foster families in order to ensure the best and comprehensive interests of children, rather than maintaining the approach according to which the family becomes part of the bureaucratic and traditional framework, making it the last link in the implementation of state politicians.

E-governance and Corruption Perception: Global Insights and Ukraine’s Context During War and Displacement

This study explores the intricate relationship between e-governance and corruption perception using the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) data. Ukraine’s legal landscape is examined, highlighting efforts to enhance public administration transparency. This study underscores the role of citizens in fostering e-governance and reducing corruption and crime. Comparative analyses challenge assumptions about income and egovernance, while “smart grids” and digitalization emerge as solutions to energy challenges in Ukraine. Ultimately, this study illuminates the transformative potential of e-governance and its significance in modern governance paradigms during wartime and in situations involving a large number of displaced people.

Социально-экономический статус судей и доверие российского общества к судебной системе

The relationship between the socio-economic status of judges and public trust in the judicial system is a critical aspect of modern governance. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the relationship between the socio-economic status of judges and the level of public trust in the judicial system. To achieve this, it is necessary, firstly, to define the concept and structure of socio-economic status in general and to identify the main factors influencing it in relation to judges. Secondly, to investigate the socio-economic mechanisms shaping public trust in the judicial system. Thirdly, to develop recommendations for its improvement. Analysis of judges’ socio-economic status reveals a correlation between their level of education, income, and the prestige of the court in which they serve. Furthermore, public perception surveys indicate a lack of trust in the judicial system, with concerns raised about the perceived inflated incomes of judges. The findings underscore the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities among judges and enhancing transparency in judicial processes to foster greater public trust. Recommendations for improving public trust in the judicial system include measures to address income disparities, promote accountability, and enhance communication between the judiciary and the public.

The development of community governance in China: involution and precarious professionalisation

ABSTRACT From 1949 to the 1980s, the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted a “mass movement” strategy to avoid bureaucratisation and maintained a semi-formal mode of community governance. After the 1980s, China’s community governance policies were re-directed towards corporatisation and professionalism, and mass movement was combined with technical and quasi-professional strategies. This article demonstrates that regardless of the changing discourse from people-centred to modern “professionalism”, China’s community governance remains authoritarian resilience. Local government bodies continue to expand their power networks to local civil spaces, altering the professionalisation of governance at the community level. Consequently, the modernisation of grassroots governance has created an involution trap and resulted in a precarious professional scenario for social work. This article argues that the true road to the modernisation of community governance is neither a semi-formal mode of governance nor new public management strategies but through professionalisation to promote the democratisation of grassroots governance.

Examining the Authority Relationship Between the Center and Regions in Determining Policy Authority and Regional Interests

<em>The relationship between the central and regional governments always has an integrated hierarchical connection. This relationship is linked in the documents of the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) and the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM Daerah). The integration of regional authority is an extension of central authority, encompassing the management and formulation of policies, financial management, as well as the management of natural resources owned by the region. All these authorities share the common goal of enhancing the region's capability to realize progress and self-reliance. Governance is related to functions such as leading, guiding, commanding, mobilizing, coordinating, supervising, and motivating in governance relationships. In modern governance, some experts categorize government functions into four parts: services (public service), development, empowerment, and regulation. If the government can effectively carry out its functions, it is assumed that services will lead to justice, empowerment will result in self-reliance, and development will create prosperity. Ultimately, in its implementation, regional autonomy is a partial decentralization of authority from the central government to the regional government to be independently managed as their domestic affairs. Granting autonomy to regions must be based on factors that ensure the concerned region is capable of managing its own household.</em>

Analysis of Dilemmas Faced by Rural Revitalization in the Context of Digital Governance and the Path of Promotion: Taking Xi'an City as an Example

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the dilemmas and paths currently faced by rural revitalization under the digital governance framework, using Xi'an, China, as an example. Rural revitalization is an important agenda in many developing countries, where integrating digital technologies into the governance process presents opportunities and challenges, focusing on how to use digitalization, a key component of modern governance, to promote socio-economic development in rural areas. This paper aims to reveal the complexities involved through analysis. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative data from unstructured interviews with residents, as well as quantitative data from surveys and regional economic reports. It includes technology gaps, infrastructure constraints, digital literacy of the rural population, and how governance policies are adapted to local needs that affect the implementation and effectiveness of digital governance in rural revitalization. The study also explores the relationship between digital governance and rural revitalization, the relevance of digital governance ruralization, an analysis of rural digital governance, and rural digital governance practices. Ultimately, the thesis suggests potential ways to solve these dilemmas. And, it emphasizes the necessity that digital talent cultivation should be increased, new types of infrastructures should be improved, a rural governance system should be constructed, and policy frameworks for narrowing the urban-rural digital divide should be developed. This study contributes to the understanding of rural revitalization in the era of digital governance and provides insights into sustainable rural development and digital transformation. At the same time, the study results in the Xi'an region case may provide experience in solving similar situations globally.

ENHANCING GOVERNANCE THROUGH DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

This research focuses on critical urgency considering the limited explanation in the literature regarding improving digital governance at the village level, especially in Penglumbaran Village, Bali, in the context of E-Government. This urgency arises primarily from the need to understand the practices implemented by village governments in realizing good governance that is responsive to the needs of all village residents. Meanwhile, the main objective of this research is to investigate and analyze improvements in digital governance in Penglumbaran Village, Bali, focusing on implementing E-Government and its impact on administrative efficiency, transparency, and community participation. Then, the descriptive analytical-qualitative method used in this research is supported by a desk study approach, where secondary data relevant to the research topic is used as the basis for analysis. In addition, through implementing the Online Digital Village Administration, Penglumbaran Bali Village has succeeded in increasing the accessibility of government services and strengthening village governance. It is illustrated in research findings, which positively impact efficiency, transparency, and community participation in government decision-making. Therefore, this research provides significance for understanding the effectiveness of digital governance in the context of E-Government at the village level. Thus, this research opens up the potential to support improvements in digital governance at the village level more broadly, aligning with modern government developments.

Administrative Justice in the Modern Mixed Administrative State: Moving Beyond Taxonomies

Abstract The challenges that government outsourcing presents for administrative law were the topic of considerable scholarly discussion in the 1990s and early 2000s, with broad agreement amongst public lawyers that outsourcing should not result in a loss of the particular kind of accountability with which administrative justice is concerned. Yet, over the past two decades, while government outsourcing has continued and evolved, very little has been done to address these challenges. This article explores the question of when non-court-based administrative justice accountability mechanisms ought to extend to outsourced government functions. I argue that much of the focus of administrative lawyers to date has been on the approaches that courts should take, which has led governments and legislatures to adopt tests and taxonomies largely developed in or for the courts, which distinguish between ‘public’ and ‘private’ functions. I show that these taxonomies are not well adapted to administrative justice mechanisms outside of the courts, are not fit for purpose in many modern government outsourcing arrangements and have resulted in significant accountability gaps. I propose a different starting point for thinking about administrative justice in the modern mixed administrative state, based on normative principles as opposed to categories.

Digital Government Information Platform Construction: Technology, Challenges and Prospects

The construction of digital government information platforms plays a crucial role in modern governance. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the technology, challenges, and prospects associated with these platforms. Firstly, it analyzes the technological aspects, emphasizing the utilization of advanced technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to build efficient and integrated government information systems. The integration of these technologies can significantly enhance the accessibility and usability of public services, contributing to the overall effectiveness of governmental operations. Secondly, it delves into the challenges that accompany the development and implementation of digital government information platforms, including data security, privacy protection, and addressing the digital divide among citizens. Overcoming these challenges is essential to ensure the successful deployment and widespread adoption of digital government platforms. Lastly, the paper discusses the prospects, highlighting the potential for improved public services, enhanced transparency, and more effective decision-making through the utilization of digital government information platforms. By examining the opportunities offered by these platforms, such as increased citizen engagement and streamlined administrative processes, this research contributes to an understanding of their comprehensive impact on governance and public administration.

Pesantren Resistance to Indonesia's National Curriculum to Defend Its Curriculum Model

Purpose: This article explores the challenges faced by pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia in reconciling the national curriculum with their traditional religious education while preserving their identity. Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing multiple case studies conducted in two pesantren in Indonesia. The study involved observations, interviews, and documentation collected from January to December 2023. Result and Conclusion: The findings reveal a contestation between the national curriculum and the curriculum offered by pesantren. While many pesantren have integrated formal education, they exhibit resistance by focusing on Islamic teachings and values. Pesantren often modify the national curriculum to align with their religious identity. This study underscores the complexity of integrating formal education with pesantren's values and emphasizes the necessity of an inclusive approach from the government to ensure the relevance of education. Furthermore, it highlights pesantren's resistance to the dominance of the national curriculum, reflecting tensions between the government's modernization agenda and the traditional values upheld by pesantren. Research Implications: This research contributes to understanding the dynamics between formal education and traditional Islamic education within Indonesia's pesantren context. It sheds light on the challenges pesantren face in maintaining their identity while conforming to national educational standards. The findings have implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders involved in shaping the educational landscape of Indonesia. Originality/ Value: This study offers original insights into the interaction between the national curriculum and pesantren's curriculum, which have not been extensively explored in existing literature. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of educational dynamics in Indonesia by examining pesantren's responses to government policies and state control. Additionally, it underscores the significance of preserving the unique identity of pesantren amidst efforts to modernize the educational system.