Modern Element Base Research Articles

INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE CIRCUITS OF ELECTRICAL DIRECT CURRENT MOVEMENT COMPONENTS

Purpose. The purpose of this work is the analysis of possible directions for improving the performance indicators of electric rolling stock of direct current railways. The work is devoted to the improvement of systems of automatic voltage regulation of low-voltage circuits where the power source is a direct current generator. The number of electric locomotives and electric trains of railways and their units, which have exhausted their service life, but will be in service for a long time, preserves the relevance of research into possible directions of modernization and the specifics of system operation. Methodology. The work uses the analysis and generalization of previously performed research. The methodological basis of the research is the mathematical apparatus of the theory of automatic control and the theory of reliability. The object of research is the process of functioning of low-voltage control circuits of electric rolling stock of direct current railways with direct current generators as an energy source. The subject of the study is a voltage regulator for own needs based on a modern element base. Findings. A variant of the system of automatic voltage regulation of low-voltage circuits with generator power sources for electric rolling stock of direct current is offered. The basis of the system is the voltage regulation node, which in the existing structure is made on the basis of a carbon vibration regulator on a strip. As an alternative, a system based on operational amplifiers and the use of proportional or proportional-integral laws of the regulator in the structure is proposed. Modeling of dynamic processes indicates the structural stability of the system and qualitative transition processes. A comparison of the no-failure indicators of the nodes indicates a possible increase in terms between services and cost savings. The comparison is made for systems that are in operation for a long time and those that are offered. Originality. It is proposed to implement the node of the system of automatic voltage regulation on a modern elemental basis, which allows to improve the reliability of the system and implement a small, economical, modernization of rolling stock of railways with an exhausted service life. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by enterprises that carry out major repairs of electric trains and direct current electric locomotives with extended service life. The implementation of the proposed units makes it possible to replace existing contact-based relay systems with fast contact wear, frequent maintenance and debugging. As a result, new units can be transferred to service during current repairs due to the introduction of non-contact systems and increase the probability of trouble-free operation and use the personnel who are always present in locomotive depots. This reduces the cost of maintenance due to the introduction of a modern element base and exclusion from the technological process of maintenance of existing units.

DEVELOPMENT OF A 150 W LINEAR LABORATORY POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The laboratory power supply is an indispensable device for the manufacture, testing, adjustment and repair of electronic equipment. The object of research is the process of selecting and justifying the device circuit on a modern element base, developing a printed circuit board, manufacturing and testing the created device layout in practice. The toroidal transformer of the required power was also calculated. The test was carried out in the voltage and current stabilization mode, and the data obtained indicate the possibility of further improvement of the device's circuitry. To build a laboratory power supply, it is desirable to use a linear circuit, because of the small pulsations that are critical when powering electronic equipment. A switching power supply can be used as an additional source when working with high-power circuits. A universal option is a bipolar power supply built according to a linear circuit with an output voltage of 0...±30 V and a current of 0...5 A. This solution will allow the device to be used for operation with most radio electronic devices, including those sensitive to RF noise, whose power consumption does not exceed 150 W. Thanks to the use of a bipolar circuit, it is also possible to work with high-quality audio frequency amplifiers that require bipolar power supply, operational amplifiers and some digital equipment. The galvanic isolation of the channels will make it possible to adjust the output parameters independently for each arm, which may be necessary when repairing digital equipment. Equipping the laboratory power supply with a current stabilization unit will make it possible to use the power supply as a battery charger and help in finding short circuits in circuits. Short-circuit protection will save the power supply in the event of an emergency and, in some cases, save the connected load.

Equalizing the battery charges of rechargeable accumulators

Charge imbalances in high-voltage batteries, including battery cell arrays, such as lithium-ion in hybrid vehicles, tend to develop and increase over time as the batteries are charged and discharged, or even when the battery remains charged but not in use. This reduces the efficiency of the battery charging and discharging modes, and limits battery life and capacity. The article describes a method and device for performing the charge equalization operation when charging a storage battery. The elements of the charger circuit have been selected, the parameters of which are sufficient for charging with equalizing the charge of the Audi Q5 hybrid Quattro car. Calculations of the pulse mode of charging the battery of the specified car, as well as the time spent on charging with equalizing the battery charges are given. The charging time of the considered battery with the elimination of a 15% imbalance of the batteries will last up to 139 minutes (2.31 hours). The results of calculating the operating parameters of the device indicate that the device for equalizing the charge of the batteries is operable, can be implemented on a modern element base at a relatively low cost, and is capable of charging the battery in a time acceptable for the operation of the car.

КОНТРОЛЬ НАПРУГИ ЗАНУРЮВАНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОДВИГУНІВ

The methods and means of voltage control on the clamps of submersible electric motors of electric drills are considered. The peculiarities of the submersible electric motor as a consumer of electrical energy when it is powered by three-phase voltage via a cable line with asymmetric electrical resistances of the phases are revealed. The main downhole factors influencing the functioning of the submersible electric motor that rotates the drill bit during drilling of deep oil and gas wells are analyzed. The impact of the temperature of the drilling fluid on the value of the active resistance of the cable cores and the drill pipe in deep drilling conditions has been updated. The results of the analysis of known technical solutions and concepts regarding the possibility of voltage control on the clamps of submersible motors, which would implement its physical measurement in industrial conditions, are presented. A method of analytically calculating the phase voltages on the clamps of the submersible electric motor of the electric drill, which is powered by an electric cable with asymmetric electric resistances of the phases, is proposed. The possibility of practical implementation of a laboratory installation based on the proposed method of calculating phase voltages on the clamps of the submersible electric motor of an electric drill is shown. For the practical implementation of the method of analytical calculation of phase voltages on the clamps of a submersible electric motor, the feasibility of using digital processing of signals from current and voltage transmitters located on the surface during oil or gas well drilling is substantiated. The advantages of the proposed method of controlling the voltage on the clamps of the submersible electric motor of the electric drill are the consideration of the electrical parameters of specific power supply cables obtained as a result of auxiliary measurements, and the possibility of technical implementation on a modern element base. The development and implementation of a device for monitoring phase voltages on the clamps of the submersible electric motor of an electric drill will increase the operational reliability and efficiency of drilling wells with an electric drill, which will reduce their cost.

Электромагнитная система для деструкции биологических тканей на частоте 27,12 МГц

The results of a study of the destruction of biological tissues by high-frequency electromagnetic radiation at an allowed frequency of 27.12 MHz are presented in comparison with destruction also at an allowed frequency of 13.56 MHz with the same power of the acting radiation of 30 W. Today, all known devices for high-frequency electromagnetic destruction at a frequency of 27.12 MHz are used for superficial shallow operations (removal of papillomas, moles, etc.). The development of a high-frequency electromagnetic system for the destruction of deep, dense tissues (bone, cartilage), as well as malignant neoplasms at the indicated frequency, is the most urgent task of our time. To conduct research at the indicated frequency, an experimental setup was developed and implemented on a modern element base, a distinctive feature of which is ensuring stable and reliable operation of the used transistor power amplifiers while maintaining their performance in a wide range of load changes (from idle to short circuit). This feature is implemented through the use of a two-channel bridge amplifying path. To test the operability of the installation, a multimeter with a thermal imager function and an immitance meter were used. The form of the output signal of the installation is a sinusoid, the second harmonic is weakened in relation to the main one by 60 dB. The studies were carried out in vitro on biopsies of muscle, bone tissues and liver of cattle, as well as on pig skin. It is shown that cuts of a biological tissue made at a frequency of 27.12 MHz have deep coagulation, and at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, carbonization of muscle tissue is already observed at the site of coagulation; the destruction of a bone tissue and liver at a frequency of 27.12 MHz is more pronounced, at a frequency of 13.56?MHz, elements of carbonization appear in the area of destruction. The exposure to high-frequency radiation at a frequency of 27.12 MHz occurs with a smaler effect on surrounding tissues than at a frequency of 13.56 MHz, Punctures of muscle tissue and liver performed at various frequencies practically do not differ; the temperature in the electric discharge region, which occurs at a frequency of 27.12 MHz at a radiation power of 30 W, is above 150 ° C (at a frequency of 13.56 MHz the temperature is 126 ° C).However, the temperature in the discharge region at a frequency of 27.12 MHz can be reduced to the same temperature as at a frequency of 13.56 MHz by reducing the power of electromagnetic radiation by a factor of 1.5.

Virtual design of a measuring device integrated in electroacupuncture stimulator on Arduino

The object of research is the electrical conductivity of biologically active points. Biologically active points as a method of non-traditional medical procedures and diagnostics, as well as being used for therapeutic purposes. Although this method has become the subject of mass research, a complete theory of the method has not yet been formed. Based on research, it is possible to say that there are different approaches to explaining the mechanism of action. These independent studies suggest the existence of unique electrical properties in the areas of the skin where biologically active points are located. However, due to technical and methodological problems, it was not in the interest of the scientific community, and as a result of solving the problem mentioned in recent history, interest in research in this field has increased. Nerve endings, called biologically active points or acupuncture points, are widely used in alternative medicine. The first step in electrostimulation of acupuncture points is the localization of the point. Localization is based on measuring the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points. The article discusses the virtual design of the measuring device, which is expected to be integrated with electrostimulators. As a result of the simulation, measurements were made and the accuracy class of the device was determined. Thus, it is possible to accurately measure electrical conductivity in biological objects through this device. The proposed device is designed on the basis of a modern element base. The basic element of the device is Arduino. A voltage divider scheme was used to determine the electrical conductivity of Arduino-based biologically active points. The purpose of using a voltage divider circuit is to protect the Arduino's analog input from overvoltage. Based on the measurements, the accuracy class of the proposed device was determined. As a result of the simulations, it was determined that the absolute error of the device is 0.463056, the relative error is 0.005742, and the accuracy class is 0.0463056.

Design of a LED driver with a flyback topology for intelligent lighting systems with high power and efficiency

Considered in this paper are the parameters and characteristics of the developed highly efficient electronic control systems for powerful LED modules (drivers), built on the basis of a single-stage flyback converter with a nominal power close to 200 W. The results of experimental tests show that, at the nominal load, the minimum efficiency of the developed driver reaches 88.2% with the power factor above 0.97 and the coefficient of total harmonic current distortion close to 23.4%. With the maximum value of the efficiency factor of the developed system 90.3% and the supply voltage 240 V, the power factor is higher than 0.99, and the total harmonic current distortion is 3.6%. The values of current harmonics of the driver do not exceed the maximum allowable values defined by the current standards. Used driver construction topology enabled to reduce the cost of the final product due to the unification of the component base, which increases the availability and manufacturability of the design. The use of a modern element base made it possible to ensure the deviation of the output current from the set one by no more than 1% over the whole range of the operating voltage of the supply (180…250 V), which allows using the developed driver in intelligent lighting systems and lighting systems with a combined power supply.

Methods and hardware to accelerate the work of a convolutional neural network

Three main approaches to building computer systems are analyzed and allocated: software, hardware, and problem-oriented. A problem-oriented approach was chosen for the implementation of CNN. This approach uses a processor core with hardware accelerators that implement basic CNN operations. The development of computer systems for the implementation of CNN should be carried out based on an integrated approach. This approach includes a modern element base, existing hardware, and software for the implementation of the CNN; methods and algorithms for the implementation of CNN; methods, algorithms, and VLSI structure for the implementation of basic operations of the CNN; methods and means of computer-aided design of hardware and software focused on the implementation of CNN computer systems. For the development of computer systems for the implementation of CNN chosen approach, which includes: variable composition of equipment; use of the basis of elementary arithmetic operations; organization of the process of calculating the scalar product as execution single operation; pipeline and spatial parallelism; localization and simplification of links between the steps of the conveyor; coordination of the time of formation of input data and weighting coefficients with the duration of the conveyor cycle. It is shown that in order to reduce the processing time of large images, it is most expedient to use parallel-stream VLSI -implementation of basic operations. The modified Booth algorithm for forming partial products in a parallel-threaded computing device is selected, which decreased the number of steps in the pipeline. The method of group summation has been improved, which, with multi-input single-digit adders, combined according to the principle of the Wallace tree, provides a reduction in summation time. The method of parallel-flow calculation of scalar product in a sliding window is developed, which, by coordinating the time of receipt of columns of input data and weighting coefficients with the duration of the conveyor cycle, provides high efficiency of equipment use and calculations in real-time. The main ways regarding coordination of the time of receipt of input data columns and weighting coefficients with the duration of the conveyor stroke of hardware that implement two-dimensional convolution are determined. The hardware structure for the realization of two-dimensional convolution in a sliding window, which is focused on VLSI- implementation with high efficiency of equipment use, has been developed. Programmable logic integrated circuits selected for the implementation of hardware accelerators. Single-bit 7, 15, and 31 input adders were developed and modeled on the basis of FPGA EP3C16F484 of the Cyclone III family of Altera company, and an 8-input 7-bit adder was synthesized on their basis.

БАЗОВА СТРУКТУРА СИСТЕМИ НЕЙРОНЕЧІТКОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ГРУПОЮ МОБІЛЬНИХ РОБОТОТЕХНІЧНИХ ПЛАТФОРМ

It is shown that the following approaches can be used for group management of mobile robotic platforms (MRP): centralized (concentrated), decentralized (distributed) and hybrid. It was determined that an urgent task is the development of a neurofuzzy management system for the MRP group, which must perform the distribution of tasks between the MRPs, the determination of MRP movement routes, joint planning of works and their synchronization. The requirements for the system of neurofuzzy management of the MRP group are formulated, the main of which are the provision of: effective management of the MRP group; minimization of time for tasks; flexibility and adaptability to changing working conditions; reliable and stable operation when implementing various scenarios; expansion of functions and scaling relative to the number of MRPs; accuracy and reliability of traffic management of each MRP; response to changes in working conditions; uninterrupted work of the MRP group; effective use of MRP resources; reduction of dimensions, weight and energy consumption; management in real time; collecting data on the environment and the state of the MRP; wireless communication between MRP; development of software tools taking into account the distributed architecture; implementation of a programming interface with the possibility of developing additional software and integration with other systems; saving data on the status of all MRPs for further analysis and improving the management of the MRP group. The following main stages of the development of the neurofuzzy control system by the MRP group were identified: problem formulation; analysis of system requirements; hardware design; development of a neurofuzzy control algorithm; software development; testing and tuning; implementation and operation. It is suggested that the development of the system of neurofuzzy control of the MRP group be carried out on the basis of an integrated approach, which includes: methods of neurofuzzy control of the MRP group, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic; navigation methods, methods of pre-processing and image recognition; methods of intellectual processing and evaluation of data from sensors in conditions of interference and incomplete information; modern methods and algorithms of intelligent traffic control of MRP; modern element base (microcontrollers, systems-on-chip, FPGA, etc.); methods and means of automated design of hardware and software of MRP. It is proposed to implement the neurofuzzy control system by the MRP group on the basis of a problem-oriented approach, which involves a combination of universal software and specialized hardware, which ensures high efficiency of equipment use. The method of time allocation of resources of the storage medium of multiport memory has been improved, which, due to the consideration of the speed of the storage medium and external devices, ensures an increase in the number of devices with conflict-free access to the storage medium.

МЕТОДИКА СИНТЕЗА СТАНЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОЙ АВТОМАТИКИ И ТЕЛЕМЕХАНИКИ С ПРОГРАММИРУЕМОЙ ЛОГИКОЙ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МОДЕЛИ КОНЕЧНЫХ АВТОМАТОВ

The main advantages of microprocessor systems of railway automation and remote control in relation to relay systems, as well as the advantages of using field-programmable gate array (FPGAs) in comparison with microprocessors for solving control system synthesis problems are presented. Examples of the possibility of using FPGAs in devices and systems of railway automation and remote control are given. The possibility of synthesizing a finite state machine on an FPGA that implements route dependencies at an arbitrary station is considered. For this purpose, the logic of the operation of railway automation and remote control devices is described, all possible states of the designed device are identified and the conditions of transitions between them are recorded. A method of synthesis of a finite state machine implementing route dependencies based on building up graphs of typical devices has been formed. The advantage of this approach is the possibility of synthesizing railway automation and remote control devices according to specified logical algorithms, using a modern element base.

A PILOT SAMPLE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PUMPS HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY BY PRESSURE PULSATION COEFFICIENT

The analysis of the manufactured means for monitoring and diagnosing the technical condition of the hydraulic pump of agricultural machinery has shown that the main devices for determining its working properties are expensive and demanding to carefully observe the rules of operation and cleanliness of the working fluid flowmeters. The need to diagnose pumps directly during the operation of machines forces us to look for other ways to diagnose pumps without connecting flow meters, for example, amplitude-phase diagnostic methods based on pressure pulsation parameters in the pressure line. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a prototype of a diagnostic tool that provides monitoring of the technical condition of hydraulic pumps during operation using modern element base of electronic devices. (Materials and methods) Studied the current state of the issue and equipment for the diagnosis of hydraulic units by the stato-parametric method. We have proposed a new method of continuous diagnostics using an embedded electronic device for monitoring operation parameters and evaluating pressure pulsation indicators generated by the pump. A prototype of the device was developed and experimentally determined the dependence of the pressure pulsation parameters and the hydraulic pump supply coefficient. We considered the issue of reducing labor costs in the express diagnostics of the hydraulic unit due to the introduction of such electronic devices. (Results and discussion) They have shown that as a result of the introduction of modern electronic means of technical control, it is possible to significantly simplify and speed up diagnostics, as well as automatically record the parameters and operating modes of hydraulic units of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) Proved the possibility of diagnosing hydraulic pumps by the pulsation coefficient and justified the need to increase the controllability of hydraulic drives by installing points for connecting pressure sensors.

INCREASING CHARACTERISTICS OF BSNR 9С32 DURING IMPLEMENTATION IN ITS ANTENNA SYSTEM OF THE ELEMENTS ON A MODERN ELEMENT BASE

The military conflicts of the last decade are characterized by the wide use of air assets including small - sized and (or) unmanned ones by the warring parties. In modern conditions one of the effective measures to combat them is to increase the accuracy of coordinate information provided to combat (or fire) means. Increasing the accuracy of coordinate information determines: the possibility of non-searching detection and (or) capture of aerial targets by fire means, increasing the survivability of air defense systems due to the reduction of working time (including the time for "radiation") and rapid change of their positions after completing the assigned task.
 The modern development of science and technology makes it possible to create effective means of air defense to combat existing and promising means of air attack but their development and commissioning requires large costs. In this regard, the issue of improving the characteristics of existing complexes without significant capital investments is gaining relevance.
 One of the important characteristics of the detection means and tracking of a multi-channel air assets anti- aircraft missile complex is the resolution and accuracy of measuring the angular coordinates of objects. This is due to the fact that modern air defence anti-aircraft missile complex uses information about the angular velocities of the missile-target line and the missile velocity vector when aiming anti-aircraft guided missiles using the proportional approximation method. Therefore, the accuracy of their measurement depends on the features of the missile’s flight trajectory when firing at the target and as a result the probability of its damage. The resolution and accuracy of angular coordinate measurement depends significantly on the characteristics of the antenna system.
 It is proposed to use their analogues on a modern element base instead of standard multi-channel missile guidance station 9C32 antenna elements in the work . Estimates of the characteristics of the phased antenna array when introducing promising pass-through ferrite phase shifters (in particular the increase in the accuracy of measuring angular coordinates and the range of aerial targets detection) were obtained using mathematical modeling and calculation methods. Obtained ratios allow for an appropriate assessment.
 The obtained results can be used in the development of proposals for the introduction of modern antenna elements (ferrite phase shifters) into the antenna systems of multi-channel radio equipment of anti-aircraft missile systems.The last decade is characterized by a number of military conflicts, in most episodes of which the achievement of the goal (reconnaissance and (or) defeat of certain targets) by the warring parties is mostly achieved through the use of aircraft, including small and (or) unmanned. The main difference is to obtain the desired results without a direct collision with the enemy ground component of troops (forces).
 Most of the recommended measures to combat aircraft in modern conditions can be reduced to: the rational construction of battle order (using the air defense separation), the widespread use of covert communications, radio reconnaissance and electronic warfare, the creation of erroneous and camouflage combat (reserve) air defence means positions, automation of transmission and processing of information about the air situation with the use of modern technologies and increase the accuracy of coordinate information provided to combat (or fire) means.
 Improving the accuracy of coordinate information causes: the possibility of searchless detection and (or) capture of air targets by fire, increasing the survivability of air defense systems by reducing working hours (including time for “radiation”) and rapid change of their positions after the task. Modern algorithms for processing coordinate information provided by air defense systems take into account the errors of primary coordinates measurement by radio engineering, the delay time of information in communication channels and its possible distortion. At the same time, they do not explicitly take into account the influence of topographic errors and orientation errors of radio equipment.
 In the work with the use of mathematical modelling methods, an assessment of the characteristics of the phased antenna array was carried out with the introduction of a promising pass-through ferrite phase shifter (in particular, an increase in the accuracy of measuring angular coordinates and the range of detection of aerial targets). The obtained ratios allow to make an appropriate assessment.
 The obtained results can be used when introducing modern ferrite phase shifters to the antenna system of the multi-channel missile guidance station 9С32.

CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF FABRICATION SOAP

Today, it is impossible to imagine a complex, modern technological process without the use of an information and measurement system. Without such systems, it is impossible to measure the parameters of the technological process in order to make a timely decision on the need to correct the current values by influencing the technology or the processes taking place during production. Control over changes in technological process parameters is an urgent task of modern measuring equipment. A significant aspect is the maintenance of metrological reliability of such systems. The constant development of element base production technologies makes it possible to develop information and measurement systems not only with high accuracy indicators, but also with high metrological reliability. Also, the systems are becoming cheaper and any enterprise can afford them based on its needs. The primary measuring transducers in such control systems bear the greatest burden on the metrological accuracy of measurement results. This distribution of the contribution to the total measurement error on the part of the sensors imposes special requirements on their technical characteristics. The article presents the control system of the technological process of the manufacture of household soap, which is built using a modern element base, which makes it possible to measure the main parameters of the technological process (object) with high accuracy and act on the object thanks to executive devices. The need for this action is determined by comparing the current value of the monitored parameter with the set point (pre-set critical value). This procedure is performed thanks to the program loaded into the microcontroller. The article provides a structural diagram of the information and measurement system, an elemental base on the example of sensors of monitored parameters, an electrical-principle diagram, as well as an analysis of errors by measurement channels. It has been proven that measurement errors on each of the channels do not exceed the set value of 1,0 %.

CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL-SIZED DEVICES FOR RADIO-ELECTRONIC SUPPRESSION OF COMPACT UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

This article is devoted to the solving task of developing a jamming device for suppressing small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles. The paper analyzes modern devices and systems for jamming, means of electronic countermeasures for unmanned aerial vehicles, their features and the principle of operation are indicated. The relevance of these devices to date is substantiated. A small-sized device for jamming in the frequency range from 433 to 6 GHz has been developed. Its structural and circuit diagram has been synthesized, the printed circuit board of this device has been designed on a modern element base. Designed, manufactured and tested a transmitting antenna for this device.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE PARAMETERS OF THE ENVIRONMENT DURING SHRIMP BREEDING

Today, information and measurement systems are used in almost all industries where it is necessary not only to measure the parameters of the object of control, but also to absorb the process in the object, in order to respond in a timely manner to changes in controlled parameters. Monitoring changes in the parameters of the object of control is an urgent task of modern measuring technology. When developing an information and measurement system that performs the collection, processing and transmission of information, one of the main tasks is to maintain the metrological reliability of such a system and its economic feasibility. The information and measurement system must be competitive in comparison with existing analogues. One of the promising ways to increase metrological reliability is the use of modern high-precision primary measuring transducers, as it is the analog part of the measuring channel that makes the largest contribution to the total measurement error. The article proposes to develop a system of control of environmental parameters in shrimp breeding on the basis of modern element base, which allows not only to measure with high accuracy the microclimate parameters in the shrimp tank, but also to influence the object of control through actuators. These devices switch on the water heating and aeration system if necessary. Determining the need to influence the environment is determined by the operation "comparison of the current value of the control parameter with the set value". This operation is possible thanks to the software product that is loaded into the microcontroller. The article presents a block diagram of the developed information and measurement system, electrical schematic diagram and analysis of errors in measurement channels. It is noted that the measurement error on each of the channels does not exceed 1.5%.

Design and analysis of circuit technique of inverter converter for induction heating

For a research laboratory, the versatility and flexibility of equipment is usually one of the most important criteria. For these reasons, the task was to develop and manufacture a prototype of a laboratory inverter, capable to drive powerfull laboratory devices, like an induction heather, magnetic stress device, and so on. Among the required power leved, the wide frequency operationg range and durability are the inavoidable requirements. The article describes the schematics and design of a laboratory inverter designed for induction heating and melting. The inverter can be easily integrated into the equipment of laboratory installations (for example, intended to melt of metal in a vacuum post). It can also be used autonomously to harden and melt small samples of metals and alloys, including the color metals. The inverter power inverter is adjustable from 0 to 2 kWt, the operating frequency range from 50 kHz to 200 kHz, power supply from 220 V. A half-bridge topology was chosen as the core of the inverter construction. Was developed an undervoltage protection unit, overheat protection, a control circuit on a separate board, a voltage generator were assembled, and water cooling to the copper tubes of the oscillatory circuit was assembled. To test the efficiency of the inverter and the possibility of its operation on the load in the form of a circuit of the induction heater through the pump transformer, a series of experiments on metal heating was performed. To achieve this resuls, metal sample was placed inside the inductor coil, and the frequency was lowered from 200 kHz to 140 kHz. The power consumption from the network reached 1.5 kW. During these tests, no essentail overheating of the electornic componets was detected. The inverter has proved its efficiency during numerios tests. Due to the protection against overcurrent, overheating, low supply voltage in the control circuit, it is well suited for laboratory research on melting and heating of metal. The usage of modern element base, together with circuit solutions, allowed us to achieve the necessary parameters in terms of efficiency, operating frequency range and power.

АРХІТЕКТУРА ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ БАЗОВИХ КОМПОНЕНТІВ СИСТЕМИ НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВОГО ЗАХИСТУ І КОДУВАННЯ ПЕРЕДАЧІ ДАНИХ

The development of basic components of the neural network protection system, data transmission coding based on an integrated approach, which includes an improved method of neural network encryption (decryption) and the method of adaptive barker-like coding (decoding) of data, which focuses on modern element base. The principles of specialization and adaptation of hardware and software to the structure of algorithms for neuro-like encryption (decryption) of data, neural network architecture, and barker-like code are used to develop the system. The architecture of the system is proposed, which takes into account the variable composition of the equipment and modularity. The method of neural network encryption (decryption) of data has been improved. The time of neural network encryption and decryption of data depends on the size of the tables of macroparticle products. The size of the tables of pre-calculated macroparticle products is based on the provision of encryption and decryption of data in real-time. A method of adaptive barker-like encoding (decoding) has been developed, which, due to the signal-to-noise ratio, provides high noise immunity and reduces data transmission time. The hardware of the system, which was created using the developed basic components of neural network protection and barker-like data encoding, is described. When creating hardware, ready-made components and modules of industrial production are used as much as possible, and the availability of appropriate means of software code development is taken into account. Means of neural network cryptographic encryption (decryption) of data of the mobile part of the system are implemented using a microcomputer-based on SoC. Not the most powerful microcomputer of the NanoPi Duo type from FriendlyElec has been especially used to test the means of neural network cryptographic encryption (decryption) of data. Using the created system, it is determined that the performance of neural network cryptographic encryption (decryption) of data blocks based on a microcomputer is carried out in close to real-time. The time of formation and training of the neural network is about 200 ms, and the implementation of encryption and decryption procedures is about 35 ms and 30 ms, respectively, and does not depend significantly on the chosen configuration of the neural network.

Alternative Autocorrelation Function for Radio Pulse Processing

The idea of improving the methods of processing the received radio signals under intense noise used in radio communication and radar systems is considered. A method for receiving radio pulses using their autocorrelation functions ACF is presented. It makes it possible to determine the presence of a periodic signal in a mixture with intense noise, the value of the carrier frequency of the radio pulse and the value of its average amplitude. However, to calculate the ACF, many multiplication operations are required, which take much longer than addition operations. It is proposed to use a function similar to the ACF, which by its properties makes it possible to determine the carrier frequency of the radio pulse, the value of its average amplitude, the value of the average amplitude of the noise that distorts the radio pulse. When calculating such a function, the multiplication operations that are in the ACF expression are replaced by the addition operations. However, to obtain such a function, it is not necessary to have signals with a time shift, as in calculating the ACF, but the exact value of the sum of their amplitudes. In this work, this function is called the alternative autocorrelation function AAKF. Shown are the ACF and AAKF images for a radio pulse of long duration, for additive noise, and also for a mixture of a radio pulse and noise. The main properties of the AAKF mixture of a radio pulse and noise relative to the ACF are considered. The forms of AAKF and ACF are different, but their periods are the same. It is shown that a device that allows one to obtain the exact value of signal amplitudes can be constructed according to the scheme of a two-channel "ideal" peak amplitude detector, which is proposed in this work. The possibility of obtaining a periodic AAKF of a mixture of a radio pulse and noise is very briefly considered. It is shown that with the help of periodic AAKF further processing of radio pulses can be done, with additional suppression of the influence of noise. In this case, the shape of the envelope of the periodic AAKF is rectangular. This approach is better suited for processing rectangular radio bursts. To solve this problem, you can use bandpass filtering of periodic AAKF and the operation of inverting the results of calculations. It is emphasized that the considered method for calculating the parameters of the useful signal and noise can be implemented on a modern element base when transferring a signal to an intermediate frequency, but this requires a large time delay in obtaining the results.

Methodology for assessing the resource of power equipment of metallurgical workshops

Prognostic is central to manufacturing and infrastructure management. The development of new methods for determining the residual resource of equipment is an important task aimed at increasing the efficiency of using industrial electrical complexes. Solving the problem of reliably determining the state of power equipment in the mining and metallurgical complex makes it possible to move from an outdated system of scheduled preventive maintenance to maintenance based on the current state of the unit. Complex technical systems are characterized by complex nonlinear interactions between their constituent elements, complex scenarios of cause-and-effect relationships between hazardous, probabilistic events and processes occurring during their operation. Therefore, methods and tools are being developed to assess and manage wear mechanisms in high-risk industries. The article presents the results related to the development of a methodology for assessing the residual life of industrial equipment. An algorithm for assessing the residual life of power equipment is proposed, based on the comparison of the results of calculation of predicted values of the criteria of the residual life of industrial equipment with the normative values. The methodology uses probabilistic mathematical methods to predict the remaining service life and information collected during audits and equipment monitoring. Along with the classical methods, methods are presented based on the use of the entire potential of the modern element base of microprocessor technology and technologies for the use of artificial neural networks, machine learning, and «big data». Based on the application of probabilistic analysis, a methodology for monitoring the predicted residual life of power equipment has been proposed, for which an algorithm for solving diagnostic problems using neural networks has been developed.

Methodology for assessing the resource of power equipment of metallurgical workshops.

Prognostic is central to manufacturing and infrastructure management. The development of new methods for determining the residual resource of equipment is an important task aimed at increasing the efficiency of using industrial electrical complexes. Solving the problem of reliably determining the state of power equipment in the mining and metallurgical complex makes it possible to move from an outdated system of scheduled preventive maintenance to maintenance based on the current state of the unit. Complex technical systems are characterized by complex nonlinear interactions between their constituent elements, complex scenarios of cause-and-effect relationships between hazardous, probabilistic events and processes occurring during their operation. Therefore, methods and tools are being developed to assess and manage wear mechanisms in high-risk industries. The sources of information in the systems of technical diagnostics and control of technological processes are measuring transducers (sensors) of physical quantities. Using information from sensors and real-time operational diagnostics, the operator can predict the occurrence of malfunctions, equipment failures and process disturbances, which reduces downtime of process equipment and the occurrence of emergency situations. The article presents the results related to the development of a methodology for assessing the residual life of industrial equipment. The methodology uses probabilistic mathematical methods to predict the remaining service life and information collected during audits and equipment monitoring. Along with the classical methods, methods are presented based on the use of the entire potential of the modern element base of microprocessor technology and technologies for the use of artificial neural networks, machine learning, "big data".