Modern Day Research Articles

Real Time Alert System for Slumberous and Fatigue Driver Using Eye Blink Sensor

Various technologies are being created to reduce accidents, which are rising rapidly in the modern day. Driver weariness or drowsiness is a significant factor in the occurrence of accidents. Drowsiness is detected using a variety of deep learning and image processing techniques. However, these techniques are pricey, and they might not work for those who wear glasses. This suggested solution employs an eye blink sensor to stop drowsiness-related accidents. This serves as an accident avoidance mechanism. The eye blink sensor-equipped goggles that the driver is required to wear include these features.To detect driver drowsiness, the goggles must be worn by the driver the entire time they are operating a vehicle and must blink for a few seconds. When the alarm system detects that the driver is dozing off, it will sound an alert until they open their eyes. Along with detecting drowsiness, the LDR sensor is used to control the high intensity of the headlights when two vehicles are approaching from opposite directions. Additionally, it helps to avoid accidents caused by blurry vision. When a driver snoozes more than five times, the GSM modem alerts the vehicle's owner. In this situation, the both owner and the driver could be alerted when the driver is drowsy.

Modern admixtures for durable and sustainable concrete

Admixtures have been in use in building construction industry from time immemorial. Modern day admixtures are generally organic compounds which are synthesized from the by-products of other industries. The difference between the pre-modern and modern admixtures stems not only from their inherent structures, their style of dispersion, their water reducing capabilities but also from the type of cementitious medium through which they act. The problem with the modern admixtures is that they face numerous issues when applied mainly from the cement’s inherent chemistry be it the compositions or finesses or both. This paper discusses the effect of cement types like its fineness, its mineralogical content, etc. on the properties of superplasticizers added mixes like its setting times, workability, flowability, compressive strength, durability, micro structures, ability of nano modifications etc.

Introduction: Affective Mires in Contemporary Culture

The word ‘mire’ in English means “an area of deep, wet, sticky earth” (see Cambridge Dictionary). The dictionary defines mire by its character and also by the affective way it is perceived and sensed by people when entering and moving around in it. Mires are special natural areas that have determined how people have learned and adapted to live in them in different cultures and eras. This special thematic issue on mire cultures explores the changing cultural practices and values associated with mires in the modern day, and further, their effects on the cultural heritage of mires for the future. During the current time of climate change and eco-crisis, people’s attitudes and ways of thinking about mires and nature in general have changed, with a greater emphasis being placed on more-than-human aspects. Human-mire relationships are processes that are shaped by changes in culture and society, and also by the experiences of individuals (Laurén et al. 2022). They include various activities that reflect the emotions, attitudes, knowledge and values of individuals and communities. In our research, the intangible cultural heritage is seen to be based on values, where mires are regarded as culturally significant natural areas and living organisms (see Poulios 2014). From the perspective of living heritage, it is essential that communities constantly recreate their traditions in relation to their environment, and in interaction with nature and their own history. Our research shows that the importance of mires is reflected in the transformation of cultural heritage for communities and acting on mires is part of people’s self-expression and identity, and there is a desire to pass on different forms of mire traditions not only into the future but also within generations. The studies presented in this special thematic issue aim to find answers to the following questions: What is the cultural heritage of mires in the twenty-first century? How has it changed since the past times? Are there signs of a changing relationship arising between humans and mires in the future?

Negative Emotions at Work: Responding to Modern Day Challenges and Hindrances

Negative Emotions at Work: Responding to Modern Day Challenges and Hindrances

The impact of board ethnic diversity and Chief Executive Officer role on corporate social responsibility

AbstractWe examine the influence of board ethnic diversity on firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities within modern day corporations. Using firm‐year observations in Australia from the period 2004–2017, we document that board ethnic diversity leads to better CSR performance and CSR disclosure. Our results suggest that for every additional ethnic cluster represented on the board, on average, a firm's CSR performance rating from ASSET4 is higher by 2.6% and the odds ratio of producing a CSR report increases by 38.8%. The results are robust to controlling for endogeneity (using both instrumental variable approach and difference‐in‐differences analysis) and alternate proxies to measure CSR performance and ethnic diversity. We also document the moderating impact of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power on the relationship between board ethnic diversity and firms' CSR activities. Specifically, a less powerful CEO and a CEO of ethnic minority (i.e., non‐Anglo) are more likely to facilitate this relationship. This study adds to our understanding of how board ethnic diversity, an often‐overlooked factor in prior research, can have significant impacts on firm outcomes.

Second law analysis on Ree-Eyring nanoliquid and Darcy Forchheimer flow through a significant stratification in the gyrotactic microorganism

PurposeThe modern day has seen an increase in the prevalence of the improvement of high-performance thermal systems for the enhancement of heat transmission. Numerous studies and research projects have been carried out to acquire an understanding of heat transport performance for their functional application to heat conveyance augmentation. The idea of this study is to inspect the entropy production in Darcy-Forchheimer Ree-Eyring nanofluid containing bioconvection flow toward a stretching surface is the topic of discussion in this paper. It is also important to take into account the influence of gravitational forces, double stratification, heat source–sink and thermal radiation. In light of the second rule of thermodynamics, a model of the generation of total entropy is presented.Design/methodology/approachIncorporating boundary layer assumptions allows one to derive the governing system of partial differential equations. The dimensional flow model is transformed into a non-dimensional representation by applying the appropriate transformations. To deal with dimensionless flow expressions, the built-in shooting method and the BVP4c code in the Matlab software are used. Graphical analysis is performed on the data to investigate the variation in velocity, temperature, concentration, motile microorganisms, Bejan number and entropy production concerning the involved parameters.FindingsThe authors have analytically assessed the impact of Darcy Forchheimer's flow of nanofluid due to a spinning disc with slip conditions and microorganisms. The modeled equations are reset into the non-dimensional form of ordinary differential equations. Which are further solved through the BVP4c approach. The results are presented in the form of tables and figures for velocity, mass, energy and motile microbe profiles. The key conclusions are: The rate of skin friction incessantly reduces with the variation of the Weissenberg number, porosity parameter and Forchheimer number. The rising values of the Prandtl number reduce the energy transmission rate while accelerating the mass transfer rate. Similarly, the effect of Nb (Brownian motion) enhances the energy and mass transfer rates. The rate of augments with the flourishing values of bioconvection Lewis and Peclet number. The factor of concentration of microorganisms is reported to have a diminishing effect on the profile. The velocity, energy and entropy generation enhance with the rising values of the Weissenberg number.Originality/valueAccording to the findings of the study, a slip flow of Ree-Eyring nanofluid was observed in the presence of entropy production and heat sources/sinks. There are features when the implementations of Darcy–Forchheimer come into play. In addition to that, double stratification with chemical reaction characteristics is presented as a new feature. The flow was caused by the stretching sheet. It has been brought to people's attention that although there are some investigations accessible on the flow of Ree-Eyring nanofluid with double stratification, they are not presented. This research draws attention to a previously unexplored topic and demonstrates a successful attempt to construct a model with distinctive characteristics.

CARDIAC FUNCTION EVALUATION THROUGH ECHOCARDIOGRAM IN RECENTLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus being a modern day disease has occupied a significant place in burdening the health care system.The abnormalities in the glucose metabolism have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system and usually is an unfavourable outcome.In this study, persons with type II diabetes mellitus were assessed for developing cardiac dysfunction (Left ventricular) and its prevalence by comparing with asymptomatic control group. Age and gender were matched among these two groups. Objectives: The primary objective was toevaluate the left ventricular reserve (systolic & diastolic) in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The secondary objective is to assess the risk factorscontributing in the development of heart failure among diabetic patients. Methods: This case control study was explored among the recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus (Type 2) patients who were visitingdiabetic OPD. Approval for the conductance of the study was obtained from the Institutes scientific committee and the Institutes ethics committee. The study period was from January, 2022 to March, 2023. In study group recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were considered as the participants based on the revised criteria for diagnosing diabetes mellitus taken from American Diabetes Association. LV systolic functionwas assessed from the following calculated with the M- mode echocardiogram. Results: Incidence of diastolic dysfunction in study population was 28%, whereas in control population was 10%. Diastolic dysfunction based on the distribution amongst study population is 50% between 40-50 years. Gender distribution of derangement in diastolic function amongst study population were 31.25% amongstfemales, 22% amongst males and in controls was 10% amongst females, 10% amongst males. Conclusion: The incidence of abnormal diastolic function was notablyincreasing in recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus (type 2) patients as paralleled to participants with normal glucose metabolism. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction amongst newly diagnosed male and female diabetics is in the ratio of 2:1. Risk factors like advanced age, abnormal BMI, PPBS, raised HbA1c, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride values are significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction.

Moderating Role of Personality Traits Between Tax Audit, Tax Rate, Tax Penalty and Sales Tax Compliance in Pakistan

The landscape of Finance in the modern day has become dynamic- with the introduction of behavioural finance, and the possibilities are endless. The study aims to demonstrate the impact of tax audits, tax rates, and tax penalties on sales tax compliance in light of personality traits. To this stage, the effect of personality traits and behavioural trends on sales tax compliance has not been explored thoroughly in Pakistan. In this study, 340 questionnaires were distributed through convenience sampling to the owners-managers of manufacturing and service sector representatives of SMEs operational in Faisalabad, Pakistan. After this, the data collected through the questionnaire were categorically analyzed using SPSS to validate the measurement model and structure. The findings demonstrated the direct positive relationship between tax audit, tax rates, tax penalty, and sales tax compliance. Further, the personality trends of neuroticism reflect a significant impact as a moderator towards tax-compliant behaviour. Policymakers may deploy these findings to enhance sales tax collection by making individualized systems catering to specific behaviours and personality traits to ensure maximum tax compliance. Tax administration authorities should deploy strict policies to deal with the non-compliant behaviour of taxpayers. It will help enhance the tax-to-GDP ratio of Pakistan and will generate more funds for public expenditures.

ETHICS IN MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS AND PRACTICES: AN ISLAMIC VIEW

The most crucial competitive advantage for any corporate organization is an effective management practices. Making oneself and others successful is one of the most important components of effective management since it involves the management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling all of the organizational units in the organization. The objective of this paper is to create a conceptual framework for management practices and functions based on Islamic principles, not only to assure organizations success but also to ensure that Islamic ethics principles as well as the Islamic values are upheld. It was conceptually discussed that management practices and functions which are conducted in accordance with Islam’s views are applicable to current business practices and the suitability is relevant for modern day business operations.

Impact Performance of Kevlar Fabrics with Shear Thickening Fluid

In modern day warfare, flexible and light weight body armor, which can provide protection to all the parts of body against all kinds of shrapnel and bullets, is required. The best suited material for its application is Kevlar based bullet proof vest and wearable. However situation requires lesser number of Kevlar layers to make the protective layer which will be extremely light and provide flexibility of motion. To achieve this, a non-Newtonian fluid known as Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) is developed, optimum value is obtained for Kevlar-STF combination and the layers of Kevlar are impregnated with STF. Samples of 4, 6 and 8 layers of Kevlar fabrics are bonded together at the edges by epoxy resin and are subjected to impact loading for different speeds. Experiments are conducted till the ballistic limits of the samples and the ballistic limit values are obtained. The energy absorbed, residual velocities and the ballistic limits of the sample are calculated and compared with theoretically calculated values. Experiments are carried for fabrics with and without STF. It is found that there is a substantial increase in the energy absorption of Kevlar with the addition of STF and the study reveals that the STF based impact resistant structures can be better structural armor material with less number of layers and less weight

The Geneva Convention on Laws of War and the Sudan Armed Conflict

The Geneva Convention contains regulations that govern the conduct of war and the treatment of individuals affected by war. However, despite the existence of this regulation created to guide the conduct of hostilities and protect civilians in international and non-international armed conflict, there are still recorded cases of actions by state and non-state actors that run contrary to the dictates of the convention. Records show that in modern day conflict, indiscriminate attacks and the use of unauthorized weapons are still being launched against civilian population, recruitment of child soldiers in insurrections, the use of weapons with indiscriminate effects, genocide, among others. It is against this backdrop that this paper examined the Sudan conflict and the application of the Geneva Convention on the laws of war. From the findings, a wide range of violation of the dictate of the Geneva Convention in the Sudan conflict was observed. The paper concludes that while the Geneva Convention continues to be relevant today, its provisions are still violated in modern day conflict such as Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar. The international community must continue to uphold the principles of the convention and hold those who violate it accountable.

An Enhanced CNN-based ELM Classification for Disease Prediction in the Rice Crop

To meet the demands of a constantly expanding population, intensive farming is becoming more popular in the modern day. This strategy, meanwhile, increases the possibility of a wider range of plant illnesses. By reducing crop productivity in terms of both quantity and quality, these infections represent a threat to food production and ultimately result in a fall in the economy. Fortunately, new opportunities for early diagnosis of such epidemics have emerged because of technological improvements, which are advantageous for society as a whole. The difficulties created by technology and bio-mutations create a potential for additional breakthroughs, notwithstanding the significant contributions made by researchers in the field of agricultural disease diagnosis. The suggested framework comprises three key phases: preprocessing, feature extraction, and the classification of leaf diseases. To optimize computational resources and memory utilization, the input image undergoes pre-processing as a preliminary step. Afterward, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized on an extensive dataset of labeled images to capture pertinent features for the diagnosis of rice leaf diseases. The suggested model utilizes an Efficient Selective Pruning of Hidden Nodes (ELM) classifier based on the RBF kernel to classify the input data.

A numerical study on the impact of lubricant rheology and surface topography on heavily loaded non-conformal contacts

The increasing requirement of high-power density (power throughput/ weight) in modern day machines lead to thin film lubrication condition in various machine components (rolling element bearings, gears, cams, etc,) due to severe loading conditions. Surface roughness features and lubricant rheology plays a vital role in thin film lubrication, and significantly affects the lubrication performance and lifetime of machine components. The present work demonstrates surface topography and lubricant rheology effects on the traction coefficient for heavily loaded non-conformal contacts. The load-sharing concept considering elastic-plastic deformation of asperities, and Carreau shear-thinning rheological model is employed to describe the dry rough contacts and non-Newtonian behavior of lubricant. An influence of surface topography parameters such as roughness, skewness, kurtosis, and pattern ratio on the traction coefficient is discussed. From results, it is found that among different surface topographies, negatively skewed surfaces having isotropic surface pattern exhibit minimum traction coefficient. The load share function and the critical rolling speed are determined for various surface topographies which provides further insights into the surface topography effect on traction coefficient. The findings of present study are noteworthy as they provide a theoretical basis for an assessment of the lubrication performance of heavily loaded non-conformal contacts.

Rescuing women from the brinks of whiteness: Carceral restoration in a human trafficking court

Abstract Research on gender-specific penal reform programs critique their failure to prioritize the socio-economic recovery of criminalized women. This paper draws on these insights to examine the Women’s Refuge Court (WRC), a human trafficking court for adult women criminalized for prostitution and drug offences in Ohio. Using ethnographic research, I illustrate the WRC’s rejection of bootstrapping and emphasis on material resourcing as a penal reform strategy. I argue that the WRC’s prioritization of socio-economic recovery derives from fears over the status decline of the impoverished white women who predominate as defendants. Court officials rely on evangelical Christian imaginings of prostitution as ‘modern day slavery’ to frame participants as ‘trafficking victims’. I identify the WRC’s response as a racially specific form of gender responsive programming called carceral restoration.

Tele dentistry - A modern day boon to dental practice

Telemedicine is the use of electronic information to communicate technologies to provide and support healthcare when distance separates the participants. Brown N. A brief history of telemedicine. Teledentistry is a field that combines telecommunications and dentistry to provide newer opportunities of dental education and delivery of oral care. It involves delivering data in the form of clinical information and images from one point (spoke point) to another point (hub site) for dental treatment using telecommunications technology. It can potentially improve the accessibility and delivery of oral healthcare, extending to underserved patient populations, such as those in rural areas, at a reasonable cost. Teledentistry can thus eliminate the disparities in oral health care between urban and rural communities. This article reviews the role of teledentistry in different fields of dentistry.

The Correlation between Breakfast Consumption and the Probability of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease in Bangkok Population

Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia, is known to be widely prevalent in the worldwide population, including Thailand. The incidence of this illness in Thailand is increasing rapidly and is expected to reach a million by 2030 (Doungkaew & Taneepanichskul, 2014). We are concerned that this rise is caused by the trend during these modern days, where skipping breakfast is becoming more popular due to time constraints. Hence, we conducted a survey research by providing questionnaires to 180 individuals of all ages across Bangkok, asking for their frequency in consuming breakfast per week and their likelihood in having Alzheimer’s. This was done through an online platform, Google Form. To test whether the two aforementioned variables are correlated with one another, Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 29 was used for data analysis. One-Way ANOVA (F-test) was used to determine the significance between age group and the risk of getting Alzheimer’s. The result showed that age is a significant factor which can promote the illness. Age 41 and above tend to have a stronger probability in developing the disease because of the easier spread of a protein called tau-protein, which is involved in causing Alzheimer’s disease (Wegmann et al., 2019). Pearson’s correlation test has shown that there is a negative correlation between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. This is likely due to low blood sugar levels and lack of beneficial nutrients contained in breakfast . In the future, we hope that this research could be beneficial to other people by raising awareness on this particular topic regarding the importance of frequency of breakfast consumption in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Comparative clinical evaluation of anti biotics on kerala zone

Medication use research expects to evaluate if sedate treatment is sane. To look through the objective techniques for inspecting drug treatment towards discernment are vital. Many of these modern day synthetic drugs were treated for infection associated diseases condition to expelled unwanted effects and also unknowing unwanted effects found in the present survey. Questionnaire format will be prepared with the help of standard guidelines. This study was planed 1500 infected patients collected from 350 bedded tertiary care hospital- PVS Hospital (P) LTD Calicut. The survey conducted by different zones of Kerala by using questionnaire. Analysis of different demographical parameters. Results expressed that the survey only with findings expressed that the patients which are not associated with infection but they affected infection (498 numbers & 33.2%) for lesser percentage and numbers when compared with infection associated diseases (802 Numbers & 53.5%). The severe infection patients percentage 13.3%) and numbers (200) were very low when compared to infection associated diseases (802 Numbers & 53.5%) and single diseases (498 Numbers & 33.2%). In our conclusion above demographical parameter will be helps to develop medical facilities for reduce the infected patients level in kerala zone.

Expanded marine anoxia at the Cambrian-Ordovician transition: Evidence from lime mudstone I/Ca and δ238U signatures of the GSSP in western Newfoundland, Canada

The early Paleozoic witnessed two spectacular radiations of marine organisms—the Cambrian (Є) Explosion and the Great Ordovician (O) Biodiversification Event. However, the period between them was characterized by a marine biodiversity plateau attributed to recurring biocrises. In the current study, we present the I/Ca records from slope lime mudstones of the Green Point Formation in western Newfoundland, along with a three-sink U-isotope mass balance model and previously reported limestone δ238Ucarb signals of the same interval, to further explore oceanic redox conditions at the Є-O boundary. The I/Ca ratios of the lime mudstones, deposited along the eastern Laurentian (western Iapetan) continental slope, exhibit a narrow range between 0.02 and 0.33 μmol/mol. Poor correlations between the I/Ca values and their [Sr], δ18O, Mn/Sr, Fe/Sr, Mg/Ca, and δ13Corg counterparts, together with near-micritic textures of the limestones, argue against significant influences of postdepositional alterations on the I/Ca signatures. The iodine-depleted lime mudstones, with I/Ca values well below the Proterozoic Eon baseline I/Ca ratios (∼0.5–1 μmol/mol), suggest the presence of shallow marine oxic-anoxic interfaces along the regional continental margin. Substantially low limestone I/Ca ratios (<0.5 μmol/mol) and dysoxic to anoxic depositional conditions have also been reported from several other age-equivalent sections deposited along the shelf and slope of ancient Iapetan and Laurentian continental margins. As a result, seawaters surrounding the Iapetan and Laurentian continental margins at the Є-O transition might have been commonly poorly oxygenated with shallow oxyclines or expanded oxygen minimum zones in the shelf and/or slope areas. This interpretation is further supported by our three-sink U-isotopemass balance modeling, which predicts widespread marine anoxia at the Є-O boundary with anoxic to euxinic water covering 1.0–21.1% of the ocean floor, significantly higher than the modern day (∼0.2%). Furthermore, the wide range of the oceanic δ238UOC (−1.22 to −0.25‰) values, estimated from the limestone δ238Ucarb signals, might reflect oceanic redox oscillations during this period. However, the δ238UOC fluctuations could also be attributed to variable accumulations of the 238U-enriched authigenic U phases during early diagenesis. Overall, evidence from the lime mudstone I/Ca ratios and the estimated extent of marine anoxia at the Є-O boundary in this study aligns with earlier viewpoints that the slowness of marine biodiversity accumulation during the late Cambrian and the Early Ordovician was linked to widespread oceanic anoxia.

Simulation of entropy and heat and mass transfer in Water-EG based hybrid nanoliquid flow with MHD and nonlinear radiation

The essence of heat transfer has always been a major aspect in the evolution of modern day industrialization. In order to enhance the heat transfer rate the fluids have also evolved from traditional fluids to more complex hybrid nanofluids. Here in this scenario a hybrid nanofluid flow consisting of Co and Ti nanoparticles have been considered. The flow is drawn over a pervious stretchable cylinder concealed by the impacts of nonlinear radiation and magnetic field. The rate of heat transfer and entropy accumulated during the mechanism has also been evaluated for the system. This study of entropy provides a broader area of development for industrial organizations. The governing equations were solved by using the BVP4C tool of MATLAB. For this applicable similarity transformations were used to non dimensionalize the equations and then converted to IVP for obtaining the solutions. Both graphical and tabular form of the solutions were provided for better understanding of the situation. The novel results gained from the analysis concluded that the efficiency of heat transfer was more in case of hybrid nanofluid than that of nanofluid and the base fluid. The magnetic field inversely affected the velocity profile of the fluid whereas the nonlinear radiation directly affected the temperature distribution of the fluid. These results offer a variety of information for many large scale industries like food processing industries, plastic industries etc., to improvise their system.

Poetic Harmony In Arif Abdul Mateen’s Naa’atya Poetry

Naa’at is a form of religious poetry that is recited in praise of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The word “Naa’at " is derived from the Arabic word "nath," which means "praise. “The content of Naa’ats usually includes descriptions of the Prophet Muhammad's character (seerat), his life, and his teachings. Naa’at can also be used to express the devotion and love that Muslims feel towards the Prophet Muhammad. Arif Abdul Mateen wrote in all forms of poetry and prose but his Naa’at genera have special mental thought process and evolution as a journey from communist thoughts to prospects of religion. He in his Naa’atia poetry, basically initiated a heart touching dialogue with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and expected solutions of modern day humanitarian problems from the greatest Reformer and top rank HUMANBEING so he made it a social dialogue rather than mere praise and verbosity. In expression of Naa’at arif’s main focus remained on the philosophical view of developmental, peaceful, progressive and balanced human society as per core Islamic values. His style (Usloob) is having visual and sensory effects embedded with creative, decorated, symbolistic, impressive and articulated treasure of words flavoured with historical imagery. He created Naa’at on the modern poetic norms, which can be seen in each couplet soaked with powerful syntax and images.