The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seed of 19 poppy genotypes (both landraces and modern cultivars) grown in three-year field trials. The total oil content ranged from 34.56–44.76%. The oil content in white-seeded genotypes (40.73–44.76%) exceeded the oil content in blue-seeded genotypes (34.56–40.34%) and ocher-seeded genotypes (38.36–42.69%). Linoleic acid (71.41–74.02%), oleic acid (12.35–15.51%) and palmitic acid (8.95–10.29%) were the most abundant fatty acids in the evaluated seeds of poppy genotypes. A significant negative correlation (–0.7574**) was found between linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The sum of polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) fatty acids ranged from 72.43–74.91%, 12.90–16.14% and 10.99–12.46% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Both the total oil content and the content of individual fatty acids were mainly affected by the crop year (weather conditions); however, the effect of genotype and year × genotype interaction was also significant. Due to the favourable composition of fatty acids, the evaluated poppy genotypes can be<br /> a good source of nutritionally valuable oil.