Dynamics of Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Modern Peanut Cultivars

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol,Jader Luis Nantes Garcia,Cristiane Pilon,José Roberto Portugal,Heitor Cantarella,João William Bossolani,Adalton Mazetti Fernandes,Gleize Leviski De Brito Garcia,Luiz Gustavo Moretti

doi:10.3390/plants10102167

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Jader Luis Nantes Garcia + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102167

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Abstract

The productive potential of new peanut cultivars has increased over the years in relation to old cultivars, especially when compared with ones with upright growth habit. Thus, the requirement for macronutrients for these new cultivars may also have increased, making the existing fertilizer recommendation tables obsolete, thus increasing the need for further studies measuring the real macronutrient requirements of these new peanut cultivars. Our study aimed to evaluate the growth patterns and the macronutrient absorption rate throughout the biological cycle of three modern runner peanut cultivars, as well as the potential for producing dry matter, pods, and kernels, and their respective macronutrient accumulations. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plots and nine replications. The experimental plots consisted of three peanut cultivars (IAC Runner 886, IAC 505, and IAC OL3), and subplots consisted of nine plant samplings (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 105, 126, and 147 days after emergence (DAE)). Our results showed that modern peanut cultivars presented nutrient accumulation around 30 to 40 days earlier than older cultivars, as well as increasing the uptake by K and Ca. IAC 505 absorbed higher amounts of macronutrients and resulted in greater dry matter production compared with IAC OL3 and IAC Runner 886. Our study demonstrated that the most appropriate time for plants to find greater availability of nutrients in the soil is 70 to 84 DAE, in addition to highlighting the need for updates on nutritional recommendations for higher yields of modern peanut cultivars.

Highlights

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the most important food legumes and oilseed crops worldwide, offering multiple benefits to human nutrition, especially as they have a nutrient composition similar to that of tree nuts, in addition to serving numerous industrial sectors [1,2]
In Brazil, for peanut cultivation normally nitrogen is supplied by biological fixation, phosphorus is supplied up to 100 kg ha−1 P2O5 and potassium up to 60 kg ha−1 of K2O, both at sowing, while calcium and magnesium are provided by liming and sulfur about 20 kg ha−1 of S [12]
K and Ca leaf contents were lowest in IAC OL3, whereas Mg content was highest compared with the other two cultivars

Summary

Introduction

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the most important food legumes and oilseed crops worldwide, offering multiple benefits to human nutrition, especially as they have a nutrient composition similar to that of tree nuts, in addition to serving numerous industrial sectors [1,2]. Brazil occupies a prominent position in worldwide peanut production, especially grown in crop rotation with sugarcane to improve soil fertility for the renovation of sugarcane fields [5] or in degraded pasture areas to recover the productive potential of forage grown after peanuts [6,7]. In both situations, the proper use of peanut fertilization is necessary, as this practice directly influences the crop yield [8]. Any fertilization recommendation must be based on knowing the rate of nutrient accumulation by plants [13]

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