Moderate Training Research Articles

Outdoor walking better? environmental elements of cardiorespiratory fitness training trails.

In metropolitan areas where land resources are scarce, trails are a more suitable environment for cardiorespiratory fitness training for modern people. Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiorespiratory fitness is an important factor in assessing individual health and have focused on individual training performance, but the relationship between environment and cardiorespiratory fitness training participants has rarely been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demands for outdoor cardiorespiratory fitness training and a favorable trail environment by comparing the differences in exercise intensity and perceptions between outdoor and indoor environments. In this study, information on physical data, psychological feedback, and visual atmosphere was collected from nine participants during each phase of moderate intensity cardiorespiratory fitness training in indoor and outdoor environments. The results revealed that outdoor cardiorespiratory fitness training provided participants with lower training intensity during the active exercise phase and higher heart rate during the stretching phase compared to indoor training. The participants paid more attention to the slope, length, pavement, Spaciousness, and width of the trails and the circuitous route. The change of the visual atmosphere and the scenery for the environmental factors were the important factors to motivate the participants to train. The results of the study could assist participants to understand a favorable cardiorespiratory training environment and design a suitable training program, as well as provide a model for trail planning and design for government.

Training, detraining and retraining effects of moderate vs. high intensity exercise training programme on cardiovascular risk factors.

The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of training, 7 weeks of detraining and 16 weeks of retraining using a moderate or high intensity training programme on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. Thirty-four patients took part in the study. The intensity training was 80-90% of maximum heart rate for the high-intensity training (HIT) group ( n = 15) and at 50-70% of maximum heart rate for the moderate training (MT) group ( n = 19). Blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, fasting glucose, strength and cardiovascular fitness were analysed. The first training period did not decrease blood pressure, but the second training period saw significant decreases in blood pressures in HIT group. Moreover, 12 weeks of MT or HIT did not decrease body mass, body mass index or fat mass. However, after 7 weeks of detraining, the inclusion of a second training period using HIT saw decreases in these body composition variables. Both training periods and intensities improved high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but only HIT decreased total cholesterol. In addition, after 7 weeks of detraining, the lipid profile variables returned to baseline values. Additionally, 16 weeks of retraining with HIT or MT decreased blood glucose significantly. Moreover, MT and HIT training programmes in both periods improved cardiorespiratory fitness, but with 7 weeks of detraining, it returned to baseline values. Our data demonstrated the effectiveness of the inclusion of a MT or HIT programme as adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients.

Addition of high-intensity interval training to a moderate intensity continuous training cardiovascular rehabilitation program after ischemic cerebrovascular disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) is usually recommended for stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a potentially effective method for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among clinical populations. Its effectiveness remains to be demonstrated after stroke. A combined program of HIIT and MICT was designed to create a realistic exercise program implemented for a clinical setting to help patients become more active. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-month exercise program with either MICT only or a combination of HIIT and MICT and a control group in terms of CRF, cardiovascular risk factors, functionality, cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and depression markers (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). This randomized controlled trial started with 52 participants (33 men and 19 women, mean age: 69.2 ± 10.7) divided into three groups: HIIT + MICT combined, MICT, and control. Both exercise groups consisted of 4 weekly sessions including supervised and at-home exercise. Outcomes were assessed at T0 (baseline measure), T6 (end of exercise protocols), and T12 (follow-up), 40 participants having completed the 12-month follow-up. At T6, both HIIT+MICT and MICT programs provided a similar increase of CRF (3 ml·min-1·kg-1) from baseline (p < 0.01), while the control group showed a global slight decrease. Despite some decrease of CRF at T12 compared to T6, improvement persisted 6 months post-intervention (HIIT + MICT: p < 0.01 and MICT: p < 0.05). The control group decreased compared with baseline (p < 0.05). The two exercise programs induced a comparable increase in self-reported physical activity and a decrease in anxiety and depression markers. Participants in HIIT + MICT and MICT programs declared a good degree of acceptability assessed by the Acceptability and Preferences Questionnaire. A 6-month HIIT + MICT combined program and a standard MICT program induced similar improvements in CRF, self-reported physical activity and anxiety and depression markers among patients with prior ischemic stroke or TIA compared with a control group. These effects appear to persist over time. Addition of HIIT was safe and considered acceptable by participants. Our results do not support any superiority of the combination HIIT + MICT nor disadvantage vs. MICT in this population.

Ketogenic Diet Combined with Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Ameliorates White Adipose Tissue Mass, Serum Biomarkers, and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Obesity is a serious public health issue worldwide. Growing evidence demonstrates the efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) for weight loss, but there may be some adverse side effects such as dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Aerobic exercise is a widely recognized approach for improving these metabolic markers. Here we explored the combined impacts of KD and moderate aerobic exercise for an 8-week intervention on body weight and fat loss, serum biomarkers, and hepatic lipid metabolism in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Both KD and KD combined with exercise significantly reduced body weight and fat mass. No significant adverse effects of KD were observed in serum biomarkers or hepatic lipid storage, except for an increase in circulating triglyceride level. However, aerobic exercise lowered serum triglyceride levels, and further ameliorated serum parameters, and hepatic steatosis in KD-fed mice. Moreover, gene and protein expression analysis indicated that KD combined with exercise was associated with increased expression of lipolysis-related genes and protein levels, and reduced expression of lipogenic genes relative to KD without exercise. Overall, our findings for mice indicate that further work on humans might reveal that KD combined with moderate aerobic exercise could be a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity.

The effect of aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on the expression of IGF-1 gene in muscle rat

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of four weeks of moderate aerobic training and nanocurcumin supplementation on IGF-1 gene expression and its receptor in the soleus muscle of rats. Materials and Methods: 32 male Wistar rats, approximately eight weeks old, with a weight range of 200±10 grams, were prepared and kept for one week under standard conditions of light, temperature, and humidity. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 series: healthy control group, aerobic training group, nanocurcumin group and aerobic training + nanocurcumin group. The training protocol was for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, in the first week, 20 minutes of activity with a speed of 18 meters per minute, and finally in the 4th week, it reached 35 minutes of activity with a speed of 20 meters per minute. Nanocurcumin supplement was also used for each animal at 80 mg / kilogram of body weight. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used at the significance level (P<0.05). Results: The results showed an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene expression levels in the soleus muscle in all groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The combination of training and nanocurcumin supplementation probably increases the antioxidant capacity of the body and causes a greater increase in the expression of the IGF-1 gene and IGF-1R in skeletal muscles, which indicates more anabolic effects.

Effect of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and Slow Type Interval Training to Gene Expression of TGF-β in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model Wistar Rats.

Physical exercise is a process of increasing contraction of skeletal muscles involving several organ systems to increase energy formation and it is one of the pillars for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). T2DM affects the expression of the TGF-β gene. This study aims to determine the effect of moderate intensity continuous training and slow interval training in expression of TGF-β gene in wistar rats T2DM model. A moderate intensity continuous training physical activity given to the diabetic rat group in the form of running on a treadmill with a running speed of 20 m/min for 30 minutes while the slow type interval training physical activity given to the diabetic rat group was in the form of running on a treadmill with a running speed of 20 m/minute for 10 repetition sessions, with a duration of 2 minutes per session with interspersed active breaks for 1 minute. TGF-β gene expression was measured using real-time methods. The results in the continuous group, TGF-β significant decreased p < 0.05. In the interval group, TGF- β insignificant decreased p > 0.05. Moderate intensity continuous training was insignificantly better at decreasing the expression of the TGF-β genes. This research concluded that there is an effect of moderate intensity continuous training and slow interval training on the expression of TGF-β genes in wistar rats T2DM.

A systematic review on high intensity interval training vs moderate intensity interval training: Which one is to be most effective on aerobic and anaerobic capacity?

Background: Best training protocol always wanted by the sports trainer to enhance sports performance, Therefore, establish a unique training method is the key factor to sports trainer. Aim: In this systematic review analysis, we reviewed those studies which were investigating the effect of high intensity and moderate intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Methods: In this systematic review Broad Search Strategy was performed applying several online databases: Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, Europe PMCand, IndMED, PsycINFO. The obtained articles relevant to the objectives were critically analyzed. Results: Almost all studies’ findings suggest that high intensity interval training is most effective and superior to improve aerobic and anaerobic capacity in comparison to moderate intensity interval training. Conclusion: High intensity interval training is most effective and superior to improve aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Focus on Active Biomolecules

Physical Activity (PA) has a fundamental role in subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), in terms of motility, joint function, muscle wasting, BMI (Body Mass Index), Cardiovascular Fitness (CRF), mental health, but also changes in bioactive molecules that might influence the disease activity and patient’s wellbeing. Literature was searched for clinical trials, randomized-controlled trials, and pilot studies published in the last 15 years. Studies using as adjunctive therapy aerobic exercise, High- Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), and moderate training were included. The available papers shown that exercise programs improve joint’s mobility and flexibility and the overall health status, without differences regarding age, gender or disease activity. All these findings are supported by the modulatory role of exercise-induced cytokines as interleukin-6 (IL- 6) and irisin, together with a reduction of inflammatory markers.

The Effectiveness Of High-Intensity Interval Training As A Treatment Option in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis

One of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders in adults is osteoarthritis. occurs due to degenerative processes in the joints, through wear and tear mechanism, especially in the articular cartilage. The treatment options for osteoarthritis are classified into symptomatic therapy and disease modification therapy. However, many people who suffer from osteoarthritis have limitations in their daily activities, thus preventing them from modifying their lifestyles. Many types of exercise exist, yet the best exercise for symptomatic osteoarthritis hasn’t been found. In daily practices, Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) is the most recommended and commonly performed type of exercise performed by patients with OA because MICT has a range of cardiovascular health benefits and maintains body weight. However, MICT may not provide enough stimulus to increase lower muscle mass and strength, articular changes that contribute to the pain, stiffness, and functional limitations seen in patients with knee OA. Some new studies found that High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is more efficient than MICT as a classic exercise after six to eight weeks of exercise. HIIT in symptomatic osteoarthritis can significantly improve a patient’s fitness, visceral fats, and symptoms. HIIT can be a treatment option in resolving symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Heart Transplant (HTx) is the ultimate chance of life for end stage Heart Failure (HF). Exercise training has consistently shown the potential to improve functional capacity in various chronic heart diseases. Still, the evidence in HTx recipients is scarcer. This study aims to systematically review the literature to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation (EBCR) in HTx recipients and to identify possible moderators of success. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect and safety of EBCR in adult HTx recipients. The primary outcome was functional capacity, measured by Peak Oxygen Uptake (pVO2). We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases until December 2020, reviewed references of relevant articles and contacted experts. Usual care (UC), the different dosages of exercise regimens and alternative settings were allowed as comparators. A quantitative synthesis of evidence was performed using random-effects meta-analyses. A total of 11 studies with 404 patients were included. Nine studies comprising 306 patients compared EBCR with usual care. They showed that EBCR improved pVO2 compared to usual care (Mean Difference [MD] 3.03 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [2.28-3.77]; I 2 = 32%). In the subgroup analysis, including length of intervention and timing of enrollment after HTx, no significant moderator was found. Two trials, with 98 patients total, compared High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). HIIT attained a significant edge over MICT (MD 2.23 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [1.79-2.67]; I 2 = 0%). No major adverse events associated with EBCR were reported. We found moderate quality evidence suggesting EBCR has a significant benefit on functional capacity improvement HTx recipients at the short-term. HIIT showed superiority when compared to MICT. Research focusing long term outcomes and standardized protocols are needed to improve evidence on EBCR effectiveness.

Physical activity and exercise therapy in oncology

Optimized and individualized treatment options in oncology significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Accordingly, the management of side effects and the avoidance of long-term consequences is becoming increasingly more important. Numerous studies have shown apositive impact of physical activity and targeted exercise therapy on certain patient-related outcomes. Ideally, patients are introduced to exercise therapy directly after the diagnosis is made in order to enable adequate supportive monitoring and to sustainably reduce therapy-associated side effects. Meanwhile, scientific findings have resulted in concrete recommendations for action to effectively improve the main patient-related outcomes, such as fatigue or depression. A moderate endurance training in combination with individualized strength training seems to be of particular importance. In principle, oncological training and exercise therapy can be recommended to every cancer patient regardless of the form of cancer and the timing of therapy but taking the contraindications into account. Therefore, the aim of communal as well as national efforts should be to implement a comprehensive offer of professional exercise therapy to facilitate access of cancer patients to these services as well as to ensure adequate care during and after treatment.

Association between internal training load and muscle injuries in Brazilian professional soccer players.

The training load is associated with injury risk in a variety of sports. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the internal training load and injury risk in Brazilian professional soccer players. The data were collected from 32 soccer players across two full seasons (2017 and 2018). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for every training/match session was used as an internal load variable. The cumulative training load from 3 and 4 weeks (C3 and C4) and the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) were calculated. A generalized estimating equation analysis was applied to examine associations of non-contact muscle injuries with C3, C4 and ACWR. A total of 33 injuries were recorded across the two full seasons. A significant association was found between cumulative training load for three (C3, p = 0.003) and four weeks (C4, p = 0.023) and the occurrence of injuries. Players in the "high load" group presented greater injury risk in relation to the "moderate load" group (C4: OR = 4.5; IC 95% 1.5-13.3; C3: OR = 3.7; IC 95% 1.7-8.1). There was no association between ACWR and injury occurrence. The athletes exposed to a high cumulative load in a period of 3 to 4 weeks presented higher injury risk in comparison to those who had moderate cumulative training loads. Besides that, there was no association between ACWR and injury occurrence.

Unsupervised cluster analysis reveals distinct subgroups in healthy population with different exercise responses of cardiorespiratory fitness

Background/ObjectiveConsiderable attention has been paid to interindividual differences in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response to exercise. However, the complex multifactorial nature of CRF response variability poses a significant challenge to our understanding of this issue. We aimed to explore whether unsupervised clustering can take advantage of large amounts of clinical data and identify latent subgroups with different CRF exercise responses within a healthy population. Methods252 healthy participants (99 men, 153 women; 36.8 ± 13.4 yr) completed moderate endurance training on 3 days/week for 4 months, with exercise intensity prescribed based on anaerobic threshold (AT). Detailed clinical measures, including resting vital signs, ECG, cardiorespiratory parameters, echocardiography, heart rate variability, spirometry and laboratory data, were obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Baseline phenotypic variables that were significantly correlated with CRF exercise response were identified and subjected to selection steps, leaving 10 minimally redundant variables, including age, BMI, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal heart rate, VO2 at AT as a percentage of VO2max, minute ventilation at AT, interventricular septal thickness of end-systole, E velocity, root mean square of heart rate variability, and hematocrit. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed on these variables to detect latent subgroups that may be associated with different CRF exercise responses. ResultsUnsupervised clustering revealed two mutually exclusive groups with distinct baseline phenotypes and CRF exercise responses. The two groups differed markedly in baseline characteristics, initial fitness, echocardiographic measurements, laboratory values, and heart rate variability parameters. A significant improvement in CRF following the 16-week endurance training, expressed by the absolute change in VO2max, was observed only in one of the two groups (3.42 ± 0.4 vs 0.58 ± 0.65 ml⋅kg−1⋅min−1, P = 0.002). Assuming a minimal clinically important difference of 3.5 ml⋅kg−1⋅min−1 in VO2max, the proportion of population response was 56.1% and 13.9% for group 1 and group 2, respectively (P<0.001). Although group 1 exhibited no significant improvement in CRF at group level, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (70.4 ± 7.8 vs 68.7 ± 7.2 mm Hg, P = 0.027) was observed. ConclusionsUnsupervised learning based on dense phenotypic characteristics identified meaningful subgroups within a healthy population with different CRF responses following standardized aerobic training. Our model could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to develop personalized exercise prescriptions and optimize training effects.

Quality Index of Implementation of Religious Moderation Education and Training The Pattern of Distance Learning: Studies in Batch I of the Administration Training Center, Indonesian Ministry of Religion

This study aims to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of education and training in religious moderation for the first generation with the Distance Learning pattern. The method used to measure the quality of the training is the quality index method. This study uses a mixed-method approach between qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative research is used to obtain data and information from the evaluation of the organizers by using a statistical calculation of the quality index. In contrast, qualitative research is used to explore qualitative data in the form of input from respondents regarding training and to describe the results of quantitative data processing. The results of the study show that the implementation of religious moderation education and training with the Distance Learning system is quite adequate, which is obtained from the results of measuring participant satisfaction using the quality index method on three evaluated indicators, namely: First, Participant Evaluation of the Operator; Second, Participant Evaluation of Teachers/Instructors; and Third, evaluating the results of the pre-test and post-test of the participants, after quantitatively calculating the responses of the respondents, the following results were obtained (i) The satisfaction index of the participants to the organizers was in good category with a quality index of 79.33%; (ii) Participant satisfaction index towards instructors/instructors in the Very Good category with a quality index of 97.66 %; (iii) increasing the knowledge and understanding of the training participants by comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test, namely 46.66 % of participants who experienced an increase in scores after the post-test and 53.33 % of participants whose post-test scores were the same as the pre-test scores. Test in the sense that there is no increase in value.

The Impact of Moderate-to-High-Intensity Exercise Protocols on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health issue that is closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. In addition to genetic factors, environmental and health-risk behaviours (i.e., high-carbohydrate diet and physical inactivity) contribute to a variety of pathophysiological disorders. Advanced exercise protocols, such as Moderate-to-intensity (MIT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), revealed a strategy for mitigating and/or attenuating the DTMII’s harmful effects by controlling glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The goals of this review were to summarize the most recent evidence on the impact of HIIT on HbA1c levels. A mini-review protocol was performed through the PubMed/Medline database. The search comprised experimental and randomized controlled trial studies published in English between 2016 and 2021. The terms HbA1c, T2DM, MIT and HIIT, and their analogues were used. A total of seven studies were finally included. Our findings showed that the HIIT protocol is an effective strategy to induce HbA1c balance and improve glycaemic control than moderate training. The HIIT conducted in the laboratory and involving aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer appears to be more efficient that MIT. Additional findings include improved beta-cell function, decreased low-grade inflammation, and the induction of cardiovascular benefits. More research is required to investigate the feasibility and safety of HIIT protocols in T2DM patients.

Effect of 4 Weeks Preconditioning with High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Brain Levels of TNF-Α and TLR4 in Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: Inflammation in the brain is known as neuroinflammation and increases TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) secretion and activates the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks preconditioning with high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and moderate intensity training (MICT) on TNF-α and TLR4 levels in male Wistar rats.&#x0D; Methods: The current research was an experimental study.18 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: high intensity intermittent training (6 heads), continuous moderate intensity training (6 heads) and the control group (6 heads). HIIT program included 6 stages of 2-minute activity with intensity of 85-90% VO2max and 5 stages of active rest for 2 minutes and MICT program with intensity of 65% VO2max with the same duration as HIIT for 4 weeks and 5 days per week was implemented. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were dissected and cortical tissues and layers of mice were extracted for TNF-α and TLR-4 using western blotting. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05 With the help of SPSS version 16 software.&#x0D; Results: The results of the present study showed that TNF-α and TLR4 in the cortex and stratum cerebral areas after 4 weeks of high-intensity and moderate-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise did not change significantly compared to the control group (p≥0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: According to these findings, it can be stated that exercise with high or moderate intensity cannot be an effective factor in increasing inflammatory markers in the brain.

Monitoring Physiological Performance over 4 Weeks Moderate Altitude Training in Elite Chinese Cross-Country Skiers: An Observational Study.

The current observational study aimed to monitor the physiological performance over 4 weeks of living and training at a moderate altitude in elite Chinese cross-country skiers (8 males, mean age 20.83 ± 1.08 years). Lactate threshold, maximal oxygen uptake, blood, and body composition tests were performed at different time points to investigate the changes in physiological performance. The data were analysed by a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and a paired sample T-test between the test results. During the training camp, systematic load monitoring was carried out. Lactate threshold velocity, lactate threshold heart rate, and upper body muscle mass increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) after moderate altitude training. Maximum oxygen uptake was reduced compared to pre-tests (p &lt; 0.05). Aerobic capacity parameters (maximal oxygen uptake, haemoglobin, red blood cell count) did not significantly increase after athletes returned to sea level (p &gt; 0.05). These findings suggest that 4 weeks of moderate altitude training can significantly improve athletes' lactate threshold and upper body muscle mass; no significant improvement in other aerobic capacity was seen. Exposure time, training load, and nutritional strategies should be thoroughly planned for optimal training of skiers at moderate altitudes.

Activation of the Anterior Prefrontal Cortex by Abacus Activity in Children: A Case Study on the Effect of Moderate Load Training on Working Memory

Much attention has been paid to the enhancement of working memory, which can improve children&amp;rsquo;s lives. Part of the value of working memory training is that it activates the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, it is important to determine the parts of the prefrontal cortex that are activated by working memory training. While there is much evidence that mental abacus effectively trains working memory, few studies have assessed whether the abacus (Soroban) in Japan should be considered an effective training approach for working memory and if it activates the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, in this case study, a 16-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy device (OEG-16H, Spectratech, Japan) was used to compare brain activation during the abacus task using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Working Memory Index tasks (i.e., digit span (forward), digit span (backward), letter&amp;ndash;number sequencing, and picture span tasks). First-grade boys and fifth-grade girls participated in this study. The results revealed that the anterior part of the prefrontal cortex was specifically activated by the abacus task. These findings support the possibility that the abacus activity is an effective training approach for working memory.

Acute effect of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on appetite perception: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Interval training protocols have gained popularity over the years, but their impact on appetite sensation compared to officially recommended training method, moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) is not well understood. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare a single session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) including sprint interval training (SIT) with MICT on appetite perception measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). After searching up articles published up to September 2021, 13 randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis. Outcomes of meta-analysis demonstrated that both acute sessions of HIIT/SIT and MICT suppressed appetite compared to no-exercise control groups immediately post exercise but there were no significant effects 30–90 min post exercise or in AUC values, indicating a transient effect of exercise on appetite sensations. Moreover, differences in appetite sensations between HIIT/SIT and MICT were negligible immediately post exercise, but HIIT/SIT suppressed hunger (MD = −6.347 [-12.054, −0.639], p = 0.029) to a greater extent than MICT 30- to 90-min post exercise, while there was a lack of consistency other VAS subscales of appetite. More studies that address the impact of exercising timing, nutrient compositions of energy intake (energy intake (EI)) and differences in participants’ characteristics and long-term studies analyzing chronic effects are needed to comprehensively examine the differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT on appetite and EI. Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], Identifier [CRD42021284898].

Feasibility and early effects of bed-cycling eccentric training: Potential clinical applications.

This study aimed to evaluate feasibility and early effects of moderate intensity bed-cycling eccentric training on healthy individuals, and establish whether this training modality could be implemented into bedridden patients'routine care. Longitudinal study with prepost exercise intervention measurements. The development of a bed-adapted eccentric ergometer allowed to conduct five training sessions during 3 weeks at increasing intensity on 11 healthy individuals. Force-speed relationship, maximal voluntary knee extension force and neural activation of subjects were evaluated before and after the programme. Five training sessions were sufficient to decrease the rate of perceived exertion whereas eccentric power output increased (+40%). After training, maximal voluntary isometric contraction force measured during knee extension had significantly improved in all subjects, with a mean increase of 17%. Maximal cycling power was also significantly higher (+7%) after the training programme. Taken together, these results show that moderate load eccentric bed cycling (i) was feasible and efficient, (ii) did not generate excessive individual perception of effort during exercise nor develop major muscular or joint pain after training and (iii) allowed early force and power gains in healthy subjects.