Moderate Training Research Articles

The effect of aerobic training and eugenol supplementation on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle of male rats poisoned with chlorpyrifos

Background and aims: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an insecticide that is widely used in the world. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 4-week aerobic exercise and eugenol supplementation on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (Pi3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway on the skeletal muscle of male rats poisoned with CPF. Methods: Overall, 12-week-old female rats were used in this experimental research. The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 rats in each group), including healthy control, toxic control, poison solvent, corn oil solvent, poisoned+eugenol, poisoned+aerobic exercise, and poisoned+aerobic exercise+eugenol. Moderate training was in the range of 50-60% VO2 max, including 5 training sessions per week (treadmill). Poisoning was performed with CPF poison with a dose of 3 mg/kg, and the dose of eugenol was determined to be 250 mg/kg. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mTOR and AKT expression (P=0.369, P=0.59). However, the expression of PI3k in the poisoned control group was lower than that in the healthy control group (P=0.049). In addition, the expression of PI3k was higher in the poisoned+eugenol+exercise group compared to the poisoned control group (P=0.009). The corn solvent group also had a higher PI3k expression in comparison to the poisoned control group (P=0.025). Finally, there was no significant difference among the other groups. Conclusion: In general, 4 weeks of CPF poisoning caused a significant decrease in PI3K, but it did not have a significant effect on AKT and mTOR. Based on the finding, 4 aerobic exercises and eugenol consumption could significantly increase in PI3K, while it had no significant effect on AKT and mTOR.

The effects of high-load and low-load resistance training on insulin resistance, lipids and inflammation in coronary artery disease patients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije. Background Prevalence of diabetes and dysmetabolism is high in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), therefore, the combination of resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT) is advised to provide optimal control of insulin metabolism, dyslipidaemia, and inflammation. Since previous studies examined only the effects of low load (LL) to moderate load resistance training (RT) (<60% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]), the effects of high load (HL) RT remains to be investigated. Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of HL-RT and LL-RT combined with AT in comparison to solely AT on insulin resistance, lipids, and inflammation in patients with CAD. Methods Seventy-nine patients with CAD were randomised to combined AT and LL-RT (30%-40% of 1-RM), combined AT and HL-RT (70%-80% of 1-RM) or AT alone (50%-80% of peak power output). The study was completed by 59 patients, with [mean (SD)] age = 61 (8) years, height = 172.1 (8.4) cm, weight = 85.47 (15.43) kg and left ventricular ejection fraction = 53 (9) %. Patients in all three groups performed the same progressive AT consisted of 3-5 min of work-load interval cycling separated by 2 min of unloaded cycling progressing from 50% to 80% maximal workload achieved at baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test. In RT groups, the training load progressed from 70% of 1-RM (6–11 reps/set) to 80% of 1-RM (6–8 reps/set) in HL-RT group and from 35% of 1-RM (12–22 reps/set) to 40% of 1-RM (12–16 reps/set) in LL-RT group in the first seven weeks of the intervention. After 1-RM re-evaluation, training load progressed from 70% 1-RM (11 reps/set) to 80% 1-RM (6–8 reps/set) in HL-RT group, and from 35% 1-RM (22 reps/set) to 40% 1-RM (12–16 reps/set) in LL-RT group. We collected blood samples after overnight fast (≥10 hours) at baseline (prior to first training session) and post-training (prior to last training session) for analysis of glucose, insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels. Results Two-way analysis of variance showed only significant time effect on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (both p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.017), while there was no significant effect of time x group interaction on any of the blood biomarkers. When compared with baseline, total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly lower after AT (total cholesterol: -0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.013; LDL: -0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.006) and HL-RT (total cholesterol: -0.5 mmol/l, p = 0.002; LDL: -0.5 mol/l, p = 0.002). In addition, there was a borderline decrease in triglycerides (AT group: -0.18 mmol/l, p = 0.053), glucose (LL-group: -0.6 mmol/l, p = 0.065) and C-reactive protein (HL-RT group: -0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.069) levels. Conclusions The combination of AT and RT, regardless of the RT load, was not superior to AT alone in improvement of insulin and lipids metabolism, and inflammation in patients with CAD.

Nitric oxide metabolites in heart failure patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction and effects of different exercise modes

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK). Background Alterations of endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) release are involved in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of heart failure (HF). Regular exercise training improves vascular and endothelial function and is closely linked to mechanisms of NO pathway by enhancing endothelial NO synthesis. However, it is not well investigated how exercise training affects metabolites of the NO pathway and whether different exercise modes have different effects on NO bioavailability in HF. Purpose The aims of this analysis were to 1) investigate differences in serum levels of the NO metabolites L-arginine, homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) between patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and 2) to investigate effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) on these parameters. Methods Patients with HF from two clinical exercise intervention trials were included in this analysis. In both trials, patients were randomized (1:1:1) either to HIIT, MCT or guideline control (CG). Clinical data and blood samples were collected at baseline, after three months of supervised exercise training and after 12 months follow-up. NO metabolites were analysed from EDTA-plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results Data from 366 patients with HF, including 206 HFrEF (median [1. and 3. quartile]: 61 [53;70] years, 18.9% females) and 160 HFpEF patients (71 [66;76] years, 65.6% females), was available for analysis. Patients with HFrEF or HFpEF showed no significant differences in NYHA classification (NYHA III: 30.6% vs. 26.2%, p=0.43) or presence of diabetes mellitus (23.8% vs. 26.2%, p=0.50), while HFpEF had a higher prevalence of hypertension (86.9% vs. 38.5%, p<0.001) but a smaller number of current smoker than HFrEF (4.4% vs. 18.0%, p<0.001). PeakVO2 (18.4 [14.5;22.6] ml/min/kg vs. 17.0 [14.3;20.4] ml/min/kg, p=0.03) and HDL-cholesterol (56 [46;65] mg/dl vs. 42 [36;54] mg/dl, p<0.001) were higher in HFpEF than in HFrEF. At baseline, homoarginine and ADMA levels were higher in HFrEF than in HFpEF, but no differences in L-arginine or SDMA could be observed (Table 1). Changes in metabolite levels from baseline to 3 and 12 months were not significantly different between groups (HIIT, MCT, CG) in either HF phenotype (all p>0.05). In all exercise groups, median adherence to training sessions was at 85% or above with no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion At baseline, patients with HFrEF had significantly higher homoarginine and ADMA levels compared to patients with HFpEF. However, in both HF phenotypes neither MCT nor HIIT induced significant changes in serum levels of NO metabolites when compared to patients randomized to CG.

Does Higher Intensity Increase the Rate of Responders to Endurance Training When Total Energy Expenditure Remains Constant? A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundStandardized training prescriptions often result in large variation in training response with a substantial number of individuals that show little or no response at all. The present study examined whether the response in markers of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to moderate intensity endurance training can be elevated by an increase in training intensity.MethodsThirty-one healthy, untrained participants (46 ± 8 years, BMI 25.4 ± 3.3 kg m−2 and {dot{text{V}}}O2max 34 ± 4 mL min−1 kg−1) trained for 10 weeks with moderate intensity (3 day week−1 for 50 min per session at 55% HRreserve). Hereafter, the allocation into two groups was performed by stratified randomization for age, gender and VO2max response. CON (continuous moderate intensity) trained for another 16 weeks at moderate intensity, INC (increased intensity) trained energy-equivalent for 8 weeks at 70% HRreserve and then performed high-intensity interval training (4 × 4) for another 8 weeks. Responders were identified as participants with VO2max increase above the technical measurement error.ResultsThere was a significant difference in {dot{text{V}}}O2max response between INC (3.4 ± 2.7 mL kg−1 min−1) and CON (0.4 ± 2.9 mL kg−1 min−1) after 26 weeks of training (P = 0.020). After 10 weeks of moderate training, in total 16 of 31 participants were classified as VO2max responders (52%). After another 16 weeks continuous moderate intensity training, no further increase of responders was observed in CON. In contrast, the energy equivalent training with increasing training intensity in INC significantly (P = 0.031) increased the number of responders to 13 of 15 (87%). The energy equivalent higher training intensities increased the rate of responders more effectively than continued moderate training intensities (P = 0.012).ConclusionHigh-intensity interval training increases the rate of response in VO2max to endurance training even when the total energy expenditure is held constant. Maintaining moderate endurance training intensities might not be the best choice to optimize training gains.Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00031445, Registered 08 March 2023—Retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/DRKS00031445

"I just had the feeling that the interval training is more beneficial": young adults' subjective experiences of physical fitness and the role of training modes.

Compelling evidence has shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is associated with substantial increases in physical fitness. However, little is known about whether and how individuals experience these adaptations over time. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to explore how physically inactive young adults subjectively experience physical fitness and its development as they start to exercise and how these experiences relate to different intensity domains (i.e., moderate and severe) as well as to training modes [i.e., HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT)] and their sequential administration (i.e., HIIT-MICT and MICT-HIIT). Thirty-one inactive participants completed a 15-week two-period sequential exercise intervention in which they first trained for six weeks in a HIIT or a MICT group and subsequently switched training modes. Interviews using the biographical mapping method were conducted at the end of the intervention to assess participants' exercise- and fitness-related experiences over the past weeks. To assess experiential patterns, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis. We developed three themes that represent the temporal and processual character of starting to exercise after a prolonged period of inactivity: (1) Inactive young adults are not all the same when starting to exercise; (2) Developing physical fitness is a multi-faceted and individual experience; and (3) Feeling physically fit (or not) fosters large-scale effects. Our results show that, in retrospect, participants mostly deemed HIIT to be more effective than MICT. Our findings also emphasize that physical fitness is a complex and subjective experience that manifests in various ways over time. The idiosyncrasy of physical fitness experiences reiterates the necessity for individually tailored exercise prescriptions instead of one-size-fits-all approaches.

AEROBIC EXERCISE PERFORMED IN ADULT LIFE MAINTAINS BODY WEIGHT AND FOOD INTAKE OF MALE RATS EVEN AFTER TRAINING INTERRUPTION

Excess weight in adult life is an important risk factor for the development ofnoncommunicable diseases. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise programs have beenshown to be important components both in the prevention and control of these conditions.This work aims to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity training on the body weight(BW) and food intake (FI) of adult male rats. Wistar rats were obtained at 30 days old.Throughout the experimental period, they were kept in appropriate cages (4 rats per box)containing food and water, temperature (22ºC) and photoperiod (07:00 to 19:00) controlled.At PN 40 they were divided into sedentary (S) and exercised (E) groups. The BW and FI weremeasured twice a week, from 40 to 140 days old. Exercised rats performed a moderate-intensity treadmill running from PN 90 to 120. During this period, they were submitted to aneffort test to evaluate performance and control the training load (55% to 65% VO 2max ). Theresults showed that both BW and FI were not altered with the training performed during adultlife, even after 20 days of exercise cessation. More studies are needed in order to assesswhether moderate-intensity training is able to attenuates the deleterious effects observed inthe biometric and metabolic markers of adult rats programmed for obesity and/or metabolicsyndrome.

Einladung zur DGEM-Mitgliederversammlung am Freitag, den 02.06.2023, 18:00 Uhr

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Nachruf für Frau Dr. med. Ute Gola

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Nutrition 2023–1.-3. Juni 2023, Bregenz: Ernährungstherapie ohne Grenzen!

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Special Olympics World Games Berlin 2023

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Kommentar zu „Neue Ergebnisse zu stark verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln vorgelegt“

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Ernährungsempfehlungen in der Patientenleitlinie zur S1-Leitlinie Long-/Post-COVID“ der AWMF

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Einladung zur 24. BDEM-Jahrestagung am 16./17. Juni 2023 als Online-Veranstaltung

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Neuauflage des DAEM-Newsletters

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Eine Hilfe für die Gewichtsreduktion

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Stellungnahme „Ernährungsmedizin im Krankenhaus stärken – Vorschläge für eine Verbesserung der Struktur- und Prozessqualität“

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Webinar “Culinary Medicine: Mangelernährung” rundum gelungen

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Nutrition 2023–1.-3. Juni 2023, Bregenz: Ernährungstherapie ohne Grenzen!

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Äußerst lesenswertes Buch

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Verstärkung für das GESKES Team

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture