Moderate-intensity Resistance Training Research Articles

Effects of different intensity resistance training on fat level, energy intake, and appetite among overweight and obese female college students

This study examines how different intensity resistance exercises impact fat, energy intake, and appetite regulation in overweight and obese female college students in Jiangsu Province, China. This study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design that investigates resistance training intensity-target result causation. The study determines the impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (MIRT) on body composition, fat level/body composition, and muscle mass them. In Jiangsu Province, China, 515 overweight and obese female college students aged 18–25 were sampled. Intervention groups were assigned randomly to campus recruits based on demographic and anthropometric. This study demonstrated significant correlations between resistance training intensity, body composition, diet, and appetite regulation in overweight and obese colleagues. MIRT and HIIT outperformed Control in weight loss and diet and used valid measures like DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), blood tests and food diaries to regulate appetite hormones. Increased protein and muscle mass minimize resistance exercise intensity-metabolic consequences. The study analyzes these impacts to show how exercise intensity, food, and metabolic health are interconnected. These findings help build evidence-based obesity prevention and treatment strategies for this demographic. Healthcare providers, legislators, and university stakeholders use this study to tackle college student obesity. The results suggest that campus wellness initiatives should focus on resistance exercise and diet to combat obesity. This research promotes exercise science and health behavior change theory for cross-cultural lifestyle interventions.

Hormonal and inflammatory responses in prepubertal vs. pubertal male children following an acute free-weight resistance training session.

Examine the acute hormonal and cytokine responses to free-weight resistance training in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children. Prepubertal (n = 21; age 11.4 ± 1.1years; Tanner I-II) and pubertal male children (n = 20; age 15.8 ± 0.7years; Tanner III-V) conducted a moderate-intensity free-weight resistance training program to failure with venous blood sampling before (pre), immediately after (post) and during the recovery phase of the program (post-15,-30min). Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed in serum samples. Biological maturation was assessed according to the stages of the Tanner scale. There was a significant time-by-group interaction in IGF-I response (p = 0.044; η2 = 0.209) and testosterone (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.508), indicating a greater change in the pubertal group compared to the prepubertal group. Both groups significantly increased post-exercise GH levels (p < 0.05). Only the prepuberal group significantly increased levels of IL-6 at all post-exercise time points (p < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in TNF-α levels compared to resting levels. These data suggest that acute testosterone and IGF-I response following resistance training differ between trained prepubertal and pubertal male children. Moderate-intensity resistance training performed to failure may thus have different effects in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children, which should be considered when giving training advice. Clinical trials number: NCT05022992.

The Effect of a Single About of Resistance Exercise with Two Intensities and Different Recovery on Pro-Inflammatory Factor TNF-Α, HSP-70, And Anti-Inflammatory Factor BDNF In Female Bodybuilders

Background and purpose: resistance exercises with high loads of HLRT can cause physiological changes, including in the immune system. The purpose and credibility of qualitative research investigated the effect of a resistance activity session with two different intensities and recovery on the expression of TNF-α, HSP-70, and BDNF genes in female bodybuilders.Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study, twelve healthy female bodybuilders (age 30±5) volunteered to participate in the research. The samples performed one weekly strength training protocol session designed at two intensities of one maximum repetition in two different recovery times of one and two minutes. 36 hours after the end of the training, sampling was done after ten hours of fasting, and the samples were centrifuged and stored at minus 20℃. At the end of the four stages, the levels of TNF-α, HSP-70, and BDNF were checked in the medical laboratory. A consent form was obtained from all the participants. SPSS version 27 software was used for data analysis at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05.Findings: The results showed that HLRT resistance training compared to moderate intensity resistance training, by increasing the training intensity to 85% of a maximum repetition and recovery time of one and two minutes, significantly reduced TNF-α level (with p&lt;0.001and a significant increase in the serum levels of BDNF and HSP-70 (with p&lt;0.0001).Conclusion: It seems that increasing the intensity of HLRT resistance training has no negative effect on the immune system, and probably with the decrease of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and HSP-70, the anti-inflammatory factor BDNF also increased reduces the incidence of inflammation in female bodybuilders.

Effect of blood flow-restrictive resistance training on metabolic disorder and body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.

To explore whether blood flow-restrictive resistance exercise (BFRE) can be used as an alternative strategy to moderate-intensity resistance training (RT) to improve metabolic disorder and body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This is a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ninety-eight older adults with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups: BFRE group (n = 34), RT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 33). Two exercise groups received supervised collective training for a period of six months, each lasting 50 min, three times a week. The primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipids, blood pressure, and body composition. The secondary outcome was muscle performance. After six months of intervention, the FPG, HbA1c, blood lipids, diastolic blood pressure, body composition, and muscle performance of the two exercise groups were significantly improved relative to the control group and baseline measurements (P < 0.05). There was no significant increase in lean mass between the two exercise groups compared to the control group and baseline (p > 0.05). There was no significant decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two exercise groups compared to the control group (p > 0.05), but it was significantly lower than their baseline (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in all indicators between the two exercise groups at the baseline, third and sixth months of intervention (p > 0.05). BFRE can safely and effectively improve the metabolic disorder and body composition of older adults with T2DM. For elderly exercise beginners, BFRE can be used as an alternative strategy to moderate-intensity resistance training. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178886, identifier ChiCTR2300074357.

The chronic leukocyte and inflammatory cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia; a randomized controlled trial

Trial designOlder adults experience chronic dysregulation of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, both at rest and in response to resistance training. Systemic hypoxia modulates leukocytes and cytokines, therefore this study characterized the effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte and cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training.Methods20 adults aged 60–70 years performed eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training in either normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2), consisting of two lower body and two upper body exercises. Venous blood was drawn before and after the training intervention and flow cytometry was used to quantify resting neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, in addition to the subsets of lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer (NK) cells). Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified; interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Acute changes in leukocytes and cytokines were also measured in the 24 h following the last training session.ResultsAfter the intervention there was a greater concentration of resting white blood cells (p = 0.03; 20.3% higher) T cells (p = 0.008; 25.4% higher), B cells (p = 0.004; 32.6% higher), NK cells (p = 0.012; 43.9% higher) and eosinophils (p = 0.025; 30.8% higher) in hypoxia compared to normoxia, though the cytokines were unchanged. No acute effect of hypoxia was detected in the 24 h following the last training session for any leukocyte population or inflammatory cytokine (p < 0.05).ConclusionsHypoxic training caused higher concentrations of resting lymphocytes and eosinophils, when compared to normoxic training. Hypoxia may have an additional beneficial effect on the immunological status of older adults.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Trial number: ACTRN12623001046695. Registered 27/9/2023. Retrospectively registered. All protocols adhere to the COSORT guidelines.

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF VIGOROUS INTERVAL TRAINING, MODERATE RESISTANCE TRAINING AND PILATES ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND BLOOD PRESSURE DURING PREGNANCY: A RANDOMISED CROSS-OVER TRIAL

INTRODUCTION Regular moderate intensity exercise throughout pregnancy provides significant benefits to both maternal and foetal cardiovascular health outcomes. Current exercise guidelines recommend a combination of moderate intensity aerobic and resistance training (RT). However, there is limited research exploring the cardiovascular effects of higher intensities (vigorous/high) in comparison to common pregnancy exercise modalities such as RT and Pilates (PIL). AIM: To investigate the acute effects of three modes of exercise (resistance, vigorous aerobic intervals and Pilates) during trimester two (T2) and three (T3) of pregnancy on measures of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV]) and blood pressure (BP). METHODS Eleven women with uncomplicated pregnancies (age 32 ± 3 years, pre-pregnancy BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2) completed testing in T2 (average 20 ± 1.6 weeks gestation) and T3 (average 29 ± 2.5 weeks gestation). Participants performed one each of vigorous intensity interval training (VIIT) (∼33 min), resistance training (RT) (∼35 min) and Pilates (PIL) (∼35 min) in T2 and T3 in randomised order approximately 1 week apart each trimester. Resting outcome measures of PWV, BP and foetal heart rate (FHR) were obtained following 5 minutes of rest and again immediately and 10 minutes post exercise session. BP, maternal heart rate (MHR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored throughout. RESULTS There was no difference in the acute PWV response to each type of exercise across the trimesters (1 min VIIT: T2 = 5.53 ± 0.85m/s, T3 = 5.26 ± 0.67m/s, 95%CI[-1.36-0.67]; RT: T2 = 5.4 ± 0.80m/s, T3 = 5.48 ± 0.56m/s, 95%CI[-0.88-1.10]; PIL: T2 = 5.44 ± 0.68m/s, T3 = 5.44 ± 0.68m/s, 95%CI[-0.93-1.01]). There was no significant difference in the acute response in SBP to VIIT (T2 = 116 ± 12.1mmHg, T3 = 122 ± 7.2mmHg, 95%CI[-0.42 - 1.65]. SBP was significantly higher in T3 than T2 1 minute following PIL (T2 = 110 ± 5.8mmHg, T3 = 121 ± 11.7mmHg, 95%CI[0.04-2.1]) and 10 minutes following RT (T2 = 105 ± 10.1mmHg, T3 = 116 ± 5.0mmHg, 95%CI[0.27 - 2.46]. CONCLUSION VIIT, RT and PIL appear to elicit similar post-exercise haemodynamic and arterial stiffness responses in both the mother and foetus. As such, VIIT may be a suitable addition to standard moderate intensity and RT prescription during an uncomplicated pregnancy.

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Impact of Preoperative Combined with Postoperative Progressive Resistance Training on Muscle Strength, Gait, Balance and Function in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a preoperative combined with postoperative moderate-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) of the operative side in patients with hip osteoarthritis (HOA) who are undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The study seeks to evaluate the impact of this combined intervention on muscle strength, gait, balance, and hip joint function in a controlled, measurable, and objective manner. Additionally, the study aims to compare the outcomes of this combined intervention with those of preoperative or postoperative muscle strength training conducted in isolation. A total of 90 patients with HOA scheduled for unilateral primary THA were randomly assigned to three groups: Pre group (preoperative PRT), Post group (postoperative PRT), and Pre& Post group (preoperative combined with postoperative PRT) focusing on hip flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction of operated side. Muscle strength, gait parameters, balance, and hip function were assessed at specific time points during a 12-month follow-up period. All three groups showed significant improvements in muscle strength, with the Pre& Post group demonstrating the most pronounced and sustained gains. Gait velocity and cadence were significantly improved in the Pre& Post group at 1-month and 3-month postoperative follow-ups compared to the other groups. Similarly, the Pre& Post group exhibited superior balance performance at 3-month and 12-month postoperative follow-ups. The Harris Hip Score also showed better outcomes in the Pre& Post group at all follow-up intervals. Preoperative combined with postoperative moderate-intensity PRT in HOA patients undergoing THA led to superior improvements in muscle strength, gait, balance, and hip joint function compared to preoperative or postoperative PRT alone. This intervention shows significant promise in optimizing postoperative rehabilitation and enhancing patient outcomes following THA.

Effect of a Course of Resistance Training on the Serum Levels of Interleukin-17 and Interferon-β in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Cytokines play an important role in my disease and are considered an important target for therapeutic interventions. the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training on the serum level of 17 and interferon beta in young women with MS. Was. Method: The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test and post-test design. 30 women with MS with age range of 30-35 years were randomly selected in two exercise and control groups. Resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks and three sessions a week, each session lasting 60 minutes with an intensity of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and after the training protocol with 12 hours of fasting and the levels of interleukin 17 and beta interferon were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and covariance test. Results: The results showed that after 8 hours of resistance training intervention, the amount of interleukin 17 in the training group decreased significantly and the amount of beta interferon showed a significant increase compared to the control group Conclusion: Since moderate intensity resistance training decreased interleukin 17 and increased beta interferon in patients with MS, it seems that exercise intervention can be used to treat and prevent the progression of MS along with used drug treatments.

Hemodynamic Response in Ascending Aorta Surgery Patients during Moderate Intensity Resistance Training.

In patients undergoing ascending aortic surgery (AAS), postsurgical physical exercise with a safe and effective exercise prescription is recommended. Resistance training is associated with blood pressure (BP) elevations that may increase the risk of new aortic dissection or rupture. However, the acute hemodynamic response to resistance training for this patient group is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate peak systolic BP (SBP) increases in AAS patients during moderate intensity resistance training. SBP was measured continuously beat-to-beat with a noninvasive method during three sets of leg presses at moderate intensity. A 15-repetition maximum strength test was performed to estimate the maximal amount of resistance a participant could manage 15 times consecutively (equivalent to approximately 60-65% of their maximum strength). The study had 48 participants in total, i.e., 24 cases and 24 controls. Both groups consisted of 10 females (42%) and 14 males (58%). The case group had a mean age of 60.0 (SD ± 11.9) years and a mean of 16.3 months since surgery (minimum 4.4 and maximum 39.6 months). 22 of the 24 cases received antihypertensive medication. The median baseline BP was 119/74 mmHg among cases and 120/73 mmHg among controls. During the first set of leg presses, the median peak SBP was 152 mmHg, in the second set 154 mmHg, and in the third set 165 mmHg. Corresponding values in controls were 170 mmHg, 181 mmHg, and 179 mmHg. The highest peak SBP registered in an AAS patient was 190 mmHg and in any healthy control was 287 mmHg. The findings indicate that AAS patients in control of their BP have the endurance to perform 3 sets of resistance training at moderate intensity as their SBP increases with a maximum of 39% from the baseline compared to the 51% increase in the control group.

Effects of Resistance Training Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults

PURPOSE: Resistance exercise is an effective behavioral intervention for improving skeletal muscle mass and strength, and preventing sarcopenia. However, the effects of resistance exercise on arterial stiffness remain controversial. This study aimed to organize and analyze the effects of resistance training intensity on arterial stiffness in healthy adults without overt clinical disease.METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted to retrieve original research articles between 2000 and 2023 using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: Long-term low-intensity resistance training (RT) was deemed a safe exercise intervention that can maintain or decrease arterial stiffness and increase muscle strength. Moreover, moderate-intensity RT was effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy but did not reduce arterial stiffness. High-intensity RT was an excellent intervention for enhancing muscle strength. However, a potential risk of increasing both central and peripheral artery stiffness in young adults was present.CONCLUSIONS: Compared to low-intensity RT, moderate-to-high-intensity RT was more effective in improving muscle strength and hypertrophy, but may increase arterial stiffness.

A Systematic Review of the Influence of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Synthesizing Evidence from Scientific Literature

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE&#x0D; High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves performing a series of intense exercises interspersed with periods of passive or active rest. HIIT provides changes in body composition and physical fitness. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of HIIT on changes in body composition and compare the results of HIIT with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and resistance training (RT).&#x0D; REVIEW METHODS&#x0D; The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies examining the impact of HIIT on changes in body composition. Articles published up to 31.03.2023 were included, with a particular focus on the most recent publications.&#x0D; STATE OF KNOWLEDGE&#x0D; The classification of HIIT considers the intensity, duration and number of bouts during training session, as well as the length of the intervention period. Body composition describes qualitive and quantitative elements in the human body. Improving body composition benefits health and enables better training results. HIIT promotes weight loss, reduces BMI and decreases the content of adipose tissue, including visceral fat. HIIT is equally or more effective than MICT in burning fat tissue. Resistance exercises added to HIIT protocols have a favorable effect on changes in body composition.&#x0D; SUMMARY&#x0D; The assessment of HIIT effects on changes in body composition is complicated due to various interpretations of its definition. Further analyses are needed to systematize knowledge of the benefits of different HIIT protocols. Research optimizing them for reducing adipose tissue based on age, gender, body mass and presence of metabolic disorders are necessary.

The Positive Effect of Four-Week Combined Aerobic–Resistance Training on Body Composition and Adipokine Levels in Obese Females

Obesity is a metabolic disease that is caused by a lack of physical activity and is associated with an increased risk of chronic inflammation. A total of 40 obese adolescent females with an average age of 21.93 ± 1.35 years and average body mass index (BMI) of 30.81 ± 3.54 kg/m2 were enrolled in this study, randomized, and divided into four groups, i.e., control (CTL; n = 10), moderate intensity aerobic training (MAT; n = 10), moderate intensity resistance training (MRT; n = 10), and moderate intensity combined aerobic-resistance training (MCT; n = 10). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits method was used to analyze the adiponectin and leptin levels between pre-intervention and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using a paired sample t-test, while correlation analysis between variables used the Pearson product-moment correlation test. Research data showed that MAT, MRT, and MCT significantly increased adiponectin levels and decreased leptin levels compared to the CTL (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the correlation analysis of delta (∆) data showed that an increase in adiponectin levels was significantly negatively correlated with a decrease in body weight (BW) (r = -0.671, p ≤ 0.001), BMI (r = -0.665, p ≤ 0.001), and fat mass (FM) (r = -0.694, p ≤ 0.001) and positively correlated with an increase in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (r = 0.693, p ≤ 0.001). Whereas, a decrease in leptin levels was significantly positively correlated with a decrease in BW (r = 0.744, p ≤ 0.001), BMI (r = 0.744, p ≤ 0.001), and FM (r = 0.718, p ≤ 0.001) and negatively correlated with an increase in SMM (r = -0.743, p ≤ 0.001). In summary, it can be concluded that our data show that adiponectin levels increased and leptin levels decreased after the intervention of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic-resistance training.

The effect of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance training combined with MCCR diet on glycemic status in prediabetes

BackgroundThere is little clinical evidence that exercise improves prediabetic individuals' glycemic status on glycated hemoglobin A1c (Hb1Ac) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices. The purpose of this study is to investigate how an eight-week high volume of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance exercise combined with a medium carbohydrate, low fat, calorie-restricted, carbohydrate counting diet (MCCR) affects Hb1Ac and HOMA indices in individuals with prediabetes.MethodsTwenty-two young obese people (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) were divided into two groups: prediabetes intervention group (INT, n = 10) and normoglycemic control group (CON, n = 12). All participants received the MCCR dietary intervention and a high volume of moderate-intensity endurance plus resistance training, 6 days/week, 5 times/day, and 50 min/time, for 8 weeks. Body composition and circumference, serum lipids, fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-h post-glucose (2 h-PG), fasting insulin (FINS), Hb1Ac, the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) indices were assessed.ResultsAfter exercise and dietary intervention, Hb1Ac, 2 h-PG, and FINS levels were significantly reduced in both the INT and CON groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and body fat percent were significantly improved in the INT group (p < 0.05), but HOMA-β was not observed. Additionally, Hb1Ac levels were significantly normalized in the prediabetic individuals, with a reversion rate of 71.43%, while there was no difference in FPG.ConclusionThe MCCR diet combined with an eight-week high volume of moderate-intensity endurance and resistance training is effective in reversing Hb1Ac and improving insulin sensitivity in young, obese adults with prediabetes.

Long-Term Resistance–Endurance Combined Training Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Young Adult Females with Obesity

A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet increase the risk of obesity. People with obesity experience adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modification using non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise prevents increased morbidity through its anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different types of exercise on decreased proinflammatory cytokines in young adult females with obesity. A total of 36 female students from Malang City aged 21.86 ± 1.39 years with body mass index (BMI) of 30.93 ± 3.51 kg/m2 were recruited and followed three different types of exercise interventions: moderate-intensity endurance training (MIET), moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT), and moderate-intensity combined training (MICT). The exercise was performed at a frequency of 3x/week for 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0, using the paired sample t-test. The results revealed that serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased between pre-training and post-training in the three types of exercise (MIET, MIRT, and MICT) (p ≤ 0.001). The percentage change in IL-6 levels from pre-training in CTRL was (0.76 ± 13.58%), in MIET was (-82.79 ± 8.73%), in MIRT was (-58.30 ± 18.05%), in MICT was (-96.91 ± 2.39%), and (p ≤ 0.001). There was a percentage change in TNF-α levels from pre-training in CTRL (6.46 ± 12.13%), MIET (-53.11 ± 20.02%), MIRT (-42.59 ± 21.64%), and MICT (-73.41 ± 14.50%), and (p ≤ 0.001). All three types of exercise consistently reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Effect of High-Intensity vs. Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training on Strength, Power, and Muscle Soreness in Male Academy Soccer Players.

McQuilliam, SJ, Clark, DR, Erskine, RM, and Brownlee, TE. The effect of high vs. moderate-intensity resistance training on strength, power and muscle soreness in male academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1250-1258, 2023-The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of high-intensity, low-volume (HRT) vs . moderate-intensity, and high-volume resistance training (MRT) vs . soccer training only (control group [CON]) on changes in strength, power, and speed and to compare delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) between groups in male academy soccer players (ASP). Twenty-two ASP (age: 18 ± 1 years) were assigned to HRT ( n = 8), MRT ( n = 7), or CON ( n = 7). High-intensity resistance training completed 2 sets of 4 repetitions parallel back squat (PBS) repetitions at 90% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), while MRT performed 3 sets of 8 repetitions PBS repetitions at 80% 1RM, both once a week for 6 weeks in-season, alongside regular soccer training. All groups completed the following pretraining and posttraining assessments: 3RM PBS, bilateral vertical and horizontal countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and 30-m sprint. Delayed onset muscle soreness was assessed using a visual analog scale throughout training. High-intensity resistance training and MRT experienced similar increases compared with CON in absolute PBS 3RM ( p < 0.001), SJ height ( p = 0.001), and CMJ height ( p = 0.008) after training. There was a greater increase in PBS 3RM relative to body mass after HRT than MRT and CON ( p = 0.001) and horizontal CMJ distance improved in HRT but not in MRT or CON ( p = 0.011). There was no change in 10-m, 20-m, or 30-m sprint performance in any group. High-intensity resistance training volume was 58 ± 15% lower than that of MRT ( p < 0.001), and DOMS measured throughout training did not differ between groups ( p = 0.487). These findings suggest that 1 HRT session a week may be an efficient method for improving strength and power in ASP in-season with minimal DOMS.

The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis

Resistance training is considered to be an efficient treatment for age-related sarcopenia and can improve muscle strength and quality in patients. However, there are currently no recommendations on resistance training parameters to improve muscle strength and quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and included 13 eligible RCTs. Resistance training significantly improved grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle index in patients with age-related sarcopenia, and kettlebell was found to be the most effective modality. However, it is noteworthy that the elastic band is also a recommended form of resistance training considering that the kettlebell intervention was tested in only one study, while the elastic band was confirmed by multiple studies. Elastic band training (Hedges's g = 0.629, 95%CI = 0.090-1.168, p < 0.05) (40-60 min per session, more than three times per week for at least 12 weeks) was the most efficient training method. Thus, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. In addition, moderate-intensity resistance training using elastic bands may be the best training prescription for elderly patients with sarcopenia.

Acute effects of different intensities resistance training on inflammatory markers of women with severe obesity

This study objective to compare the acute effects between one resistance training bout with high versus moderate intensities on inflammatory markers in women with severe obesity. Experimental crossover study, performed with adult women with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m²; age ≥ 18 years old). Each participant performed a high and moderate intensity resistance training (HIRT and MIRT, respectively) with an interval of 7 days between bouts. Four exercises were performed in the both protocols, with total training volume equalized. MIRT consisted of 3 sets of 8 repetitions each, with an intensity of 75% of 1RM, while HIRT consisted of 2 sets of 6 repetitions, followed by a 20-second rest, with a new performance of 2 to 3 repetitions, with one more rest of 20s and finishing with 2 to 3 more repetitions, at an intensity of 85% of 1RM. Blood samples were collected before, 15 minutes after and 24 hours after both training protocols. The inflammatory markers analyzed were IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Nine participants have completed the intervention (n=9; 35.2 ± 10.93 years old; BMI = 48.3 ± 5.06 kg/m²). The Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference between the HIRT and MIRT in the concentration of markers. Friedman's test did not report significant differences between intragroup measures for the HIRT as well as MIRT. This research suggests that a single session of high or moderate intensity resistance training does not change the inflammatory status of women with severe obesity.

Resistance training and Down Syndrome: A narrative review on considerations for exercise prescription and safety.

The current manuscript reviews the literature on the health effects of resistance training (RT) for individuals with Down syndrome (DS), focusing on this training modality’s methodology, application, and safety. The literature has mentioned that early aging in this population is associated with loss of muscle strength, lower lean and bone mass, and increased obesity. It is necessary to propose non-pharmacological measures for prevention and health promotion. Thus, this review suggests a current research-based RT guide for individuals with DS. This review is divided into three sections: Section 2 briefly reviews DS and the effects on structural and functional decline and how exercise and physical activity can influence health aspects in this population; Section 3 summarizes the evidence for RT prescription; Section 4 briefly reviews the health and potential benefits of RT in individuals with DS. The findings from this review suggest that most individuals with DS should engage in moderate-intensity RT at least 2 days a week and perform RT on the major muscle groups and include balance training. The RT program should be modified and adapted according to individuals’ characteristics and limitations. RT promotes positive, health-related benefits such as increasing strength, improving body composition, improving functional capacity and balance, reducing inflammatory status and oxidative stress, and improving the immune system. The RT protocols summarized in this current review provide guidance, critical conclusions, and novel research settings, which could be useful to coaches, clinicians, and researchers to effectively design RT program for individuals with DS.

The Effects of Eight Weeks Moderate- and High-Intensity Circuit Resistance Training on the Levels of Serum Amyloid A and Insulin Resistance in Sedentary Men

Introduction: Obesity-related inflammation has an important role in increasing the risk of various pathological conditions, including insulin resistance. In this study, the effects of 8 weeks of moderate and high-intensity circuit resistance training on the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and insulin resistance were investigated in sedentary men.Methods: In this study, 36 sedentary men (average BMI: 30.64 ± 3.14 kg/m2, age of 20 to 35 years old) were randomly assigned to the control (C), moderate-intensity circuit resistance training (MRT), and high-intensity circuit resistance training (HRT) groups. The training protocol was performed during eight weeks (three sessions per week). Blood samples were collected before and after eight weeks of training, and serum levels of SAA, insulin, and glucose were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test with the Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: The present study’s findings indicated that SAA levels and insulin resistance significantly reduced in the HRT and MRT groups compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.001). However, our results showed that the changes observed in SAA and insulin resistance were not significantly different between the HRT and MRT groups (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that HRT has no extra effects on inflammation and insulin resistance compared to MRT; however, changes in the levels of other inflammatory mediators should be determined.

The Effect of a Gym- and Home-based Training on Plasma TXNIP Level, Insulin Sensitivity, and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a possible factor in the relationship between metabolism and cellular redox state and plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of combined training in the gym and at home on TXNIP plasma level, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile in men with primary hypertension. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, forty-six hypertensive men (age 48 ± 9 years, BMI 30 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the gym-based training (GBT: ten weeks, four days/week of moderate-intensity resistance and aerobic training followed by stretching training), home-based training (HBT: the type, duration, and intensity were similar to the GBT), and control groups. Selected blood biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after ten weeks of training programs. Results: The plasma levels of TXNIP in the GBT (P = 0.04) and HBT (P = 0.005) groups decreased significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, the levels of plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased and insulin sensitivity increased following GBT compared to the control group (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, and P = 0.01, respectively), with no significant difference observed between GBT and HBT (P = 0.47, P = 0.36 and P = 0.14, respectively). Conclusions: GBT was more effective compared to HBT in positive changes in blood glucose and lipid profile. However, HBT improved some important biochemical parameters and can be an alternative to complementary strategies strategy instead of GBT. Our data manifest that combined training has a positive effect on reducing the protein level, which negatively affects glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive men.