Moderate Gain Research Articles

Efecto del peso y la puntuación de la condición corporal de vacas gestantes en las características de la canal de su progenie: Meta análisis

The objective of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of beef cows weight variation during the 2nd and / or 3rd trimester pregnancy on some parameters of the progeny carcass. The cow weight gain during this gestational period was calculated to standardize the treatments: moderate loss (ML= cows that lost 0 to 5 % of weight) and moderate gain (MG= cows that gained 0 to 5 % of weight). The effect size for all parameters was calculated as medium difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval and heterogeneity determined using the Q test and the I2 statistic. A random effects meta-analysis was performed for each indicator separately as the medium control and experimental groups. The cow’s weight variation during the studied time variation did not influence the progeny carcass characteristics (P>0.05). Although, a trend towards greater hot carcass weight (P=0.15) and thickness of subcutaneous fat (P=0.10) was observed in calves from MG cows in relation to calves from ML cows. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated that small variations in cow weight during the final half of pregnancy do not affect progeny carcass characteristics.

Assessing genetic diversity in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) using morphological characters

Aim: To assess genetic diversity and relationship among important horticultural traits in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush). Methodology: The study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on seventeen strains of rough lemon. Data was recorded for vegetative, fruiting and productivity parameters. Genetic variability and relationship among important horticultural traits were assessed by analyzing data with Microsoft Excel and Minitab 18 software. Results: There was wide variability among seventeen genotypes of rough lemon. Little difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for majority of traits confirmed low environmental influence on the characters under study. High heritability with high to moderate genetic gain for fruit weight (69.49% and 36.50%), fruit length (95.24% and 40.62%), fruit diameter (93% and 32.23%), spine length (98.30% and 70.56%), acidity (95.07% and 40.18%) and fruit axis diameter (94.71% and 64.14%) suggested additive gene action and ability of improvement through selection. Strong character association of fruit number/tree and fruit axis diameter with yield revealed that these are the most important characteristics to be considered for effective selection in favour of high yield. Similarly, Principal Component Analysis showed high association between leaf lamina length and fruit size characters. Interpretation: This research suggests a high genetic diversity among the genotypes of rough lemon and valuable correlations were observed between different traits of economic significance. The findings of this study can be used in future crop improvement programmes for developing desirable varieties. Key words: Citrus jambhiri, Cluster analysis, Genetic diversity

Cadmium toxicity could be a cause for thyroid problem

Every year World Thyroid Day is observed on May 25 to spread awareness on the disorders of thyroid gland and their prevention. Yet the increase in thyroid problems is unabated. In fact, thyroid is one of the most important endocrine glands that regulates all most all body functions of human beings. It synthesizes and secrets 2 main hormones, thyroxine(T4) and tri-iodothyronine(T3), both being regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). While the whole amount of circulating T4 is produced by the thyroid gland itself, T3 is mostly generated in liver and kidney by peripheral mono-deiodination of T4 with the help of an enzyme, 5'-deiodinase (5' D). Thyroid hormones are vital for the well-being of a person and their abnormal levels lead to health problems. People with thyroid abnormalities suffer either from hypo-functioning (hypothyroidism) or from hyper-functioning (hyperthyroidism) of the gland. However, most common thyroid problem is hypothyroidism and females suffer more from this as compared to males. According to Chiovato et al. (2019), hypothyroidism affects about 5% of the general population and 5% more are believed to be sufferers, but undiagnosed. Primary hypothyroidism is normally diagnosed with low serum thyroid hormones and high TSH concentrations than the normal reference ranges. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include intolerance to cold, mild to moderate weight gain, dry skin, puffiness of the body, peri-orbital swelling, chronic fatigue, constipation, depression, hoarse voice and menstrual irregularities.The consequences of untreated or under-treated hypothyroidism include cretinism, myxoedema and goitre, even coronary artery disease.

Estimates of Genetic Variability for Seed Yield and Its Component Characters in Green Gram (Vigna radiate, Fabaceae)

Sixteen green gram (Vigna radiata, Fabaceae) genotypes were evaluated under randomized block design (RBD) with three replications for genetic variability for eight characters. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. Analysis of variance indicated that experimental material possesses a good amount of variability for all the characters under study. A high magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variance was observed for seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, plant height, days to flowering, and test weight while moderate GCV was recorded for the number of seeds per pod, pod length, and days to maturity suggesting the possibility of their improvement by selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain as a percent of mean was observed for test weight, seed yield per hector, seed yield per plot, plant height, and days to flowering while high heritability and moderate genetic gain were recorded for days to maturity, pod length and the number of seeds per pod suggesting that these characters were controlled by additive gene action hence, selection may be effective. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain and high GCV has been exhibited by the characters viz., seed yield per hector, seed yield per plot, plant height, test weight, and days to flowering. There is substantial scope for improvement of these characters. Hence emphasis should be given to improving these characteristics in a future breeding program to enhance the seed yield of green gram.

Improving Macroeconomics Problem-Solving Skill through Economics Learning Information System Media

The objective of this research was to develop an effective Economics learning information system media to improve students’ skill for Macroeconomics problem-solving. It used the research and development method. The Macroeconomics learning information system media was tested by using the quasi experimental research method with before –after design. It was conducted at the Study Program of Economics Education Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Its population was 95 students. The findings of the N-Gain showed that the learning result of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The criteria of the N-Gain of the experimental group were high gain as much as 3.33%, moderate gain as much as 80% and low gain as much as 16.67%. Meanwhile, the control group did not have a high gain criterion or 0% but moderate gain as much as 46.67% and low gain as much as 53.33%. The score of the calculation on the questionnaire of problem-solving skill of the experimental group students who used the website-based information system media was higher than that of the control group students who did not use such media where the score percentage of the former was 80.61% while that of the latter was 72.18%. With such results, thus, this research was successful in developing a Macroeconomics learning information system media to improve student’s problem solving skill.

Overview of CNM LGAD results: boron Si-on-Si and epitaxial wafers

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are n-on-p silicon sensors with an extra p-layer below the collection electrode which provides signal amplification. When the primary electrons reach the amplification region new electron-hole pairs are created that enhance the generated signal. The moderate gain of these sensors, together with the relatively thin active region, provide precise time information for minimum ionizing particles. To mitigate the effect of pile-up at the HL-LHC the ATLAS and CMS experiments have chosen the LGAD technology for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and for the End-Cap Timing Layer (ETL), respectively. A full characterization of recent productions of LGAD sensors fabricated at CNM has been carried out before and after neutron irradiation up to 2.5 × 1015 neq/cm2. Boron-doped sensors produced in epitaxial and Si-on-Si wafers have been studied. The results include their electrically characterization (IV and bias voltage stability) and performance studies (charge and time resolution) for single pad devices with a Sr-90 radioactive source set-up. The behaviour of the Inter-Pad region for irradiated 2 × 2 LGAD arrays, using the Transient Current Technique (TCT), is shown. The results indicate that the Si-on-Si devices with higher resistivity perform better than the epitaxial ones.

Metamaterial Based Circularly Polarized Parasitic Element Driven DRA for Sub 6 GHz Wireless and 5G Communication Applications

Billions of wireless devices are directly communicating with each other and exchanging data worldwide. The 5G communication provides broad scope to this data exchange with low latency, high data rate, and efficient utilization of the EM spectrum. This paper articulates designing and developing a multiband Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) with circular polarization for sub-6 GHz applications. The designed DRA of alumina occupies the dimension of radius ten and height of twenty mm on the FR4 substrate. The proposed DRA resonates at the quad-band with good impedance bandwidth covering the 5G band under the sub 6 GHz range. The designed antenna provides moderate gain and radiation efficiency of more than ninety-six percent. The prototype measured results show excellent matching with the simulation results of HFSS.

Association Between Late-Life Weight Change and Dementia: A Population-based Cohort Study.

The impact of late-life weight changes on incident dementia is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight changes with dementia and to explore the role of APOE ɛ4 in these associations. A total of 1 673 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 and older were followed for an initial 6 years to detect changes in BMI/weight and then for an additional 6 years to detect incident dementia. BMI change ([BMIfirst 6-year follow-up - BMIbaseline]/BMIbaseline) was categorized as stable (≤5%), and moderate (5%-10%) or large (>10%) gain or loss. Weight change (weightfirst 6-year follow-up - weightbaseline) was categorized as stable (≤2.5 kg), and moderate (2.5-7.5 kg) or large (>7.5 kg) gain or loss. Dementia was diagnosed following standard criteria. Data were analyzed using Cox regression models. Over the second 6-year follow-up period, 102 incident dementia cases were identified. Compared with stable BMI, the hazard ratios (95% CI) of dementia were 2.61 (1.09-5.54) and 2.93 (1.72-4.91) for BMI gain or loss >10%, respectively. The risk of dementia was higher among APOE ɛ4 carriers experiencing a large BMI gain (9.93 [3.49-24.6]) or loss (6.66 [2.83-14.4]) than APOE ɛ4 noncarriers with stable BMI. Similar results were observed for weight change and dementia associations. BMI and weight changes showed U-shaped associations with dementia risk. Large bodyweight gain and loss alike are associated with an almost 3-fold higher risk of dementia, which may be amplified by APOE ɛ4.

Genetic Variability in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

The present investigations were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during kharif season (April–November), 2011. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic variability of 40 diverse genotypes of ginger collected from different parts of the country including one recommended variety Himgiri as check. These genotypes had shown considerable variability for all the parameters studied. The observations were recorded on emergence, number of tillers and leaves plant-1, leaf length and breadth, plant girth and height, length, girth, core diameter and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, number of primary and secondary rhizomes plant-1, yield plant-1 plot-1ha-1, incidence of rhizome rot, dry matter and oleoresin content. The genotypic coefficients of variability (GCV) were moderate for number of secondary rhizomes plant-1, weight of primary and secondary rhizomes and yield plant-1 plot-1 ha-1, whereas, the phenotypic coefficients of variability (PCV) were moderate for emergence, number of tillers and leaves plant-1, number of secondary rhizomes plant-1, weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, yield plant-1 plot-1 ha-1, oleoresin content and incidence of rhizome rot. High heritability coupled with high and moderate genetic gain was observed for yield plot-1 ha-1 and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes indicating the importance of these characters for selection. It indicated that these traits were amenable to selection. The overall assessment showed that there was wide variability among ginger genotypes which has important implication for breeding ginger for yield and quality attributes.

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Gain in Beef Heifers II: Effects on Concentration of Trace Minerals in Maternal Liver and Fetal Liver, Muscle, Allantoic, and Amniotic Fluids at Day 83 of Gestation.

Simple SummaryTrace minerals play a critical role in several biological functions, being essential for fetal growth and development. Maternal nutrition influences the supply of trace minerals to the fetus, which can lead to long-term consequences on offspring performance and health. Our study shows that a maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM) pre-breeding and during the first trimester of gestation resulted in greater concentrations of Se, Cu, and Co in the liver of beef heifers and their fetuses. These minerals are an essential component of the antioxidant system, which may have positive impacts on the immune system of the future offspring. In addition, we reported that low rates of gain (LG, 0.28 kg/d) from breeding to d 83 of gestation resulted in greater concentrations of Mo and Co in fetal liver compared with moderate rates of gain (MG, 0.79 kg/d). Having a greater fetal trace mineral reserve may be beneficial for neonates, as the immune system of newborn calves is underdeveloped and minerals play a role in that development. Therefore, our study shows that liver weight and concentrations of hepatic trace minerals are affected by maternal dietary treatments, which may impact the performance and health of the future offspring.We evaluated the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and two rates of gain (from breeding to day 83 of gestation) on trace mineral concentrations in maternal and fetal liver, fetal muscle, and allantoic (ALF) and amniotic (AMF) fluids. Crossbred Angus heifers (n = 35; BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two vitamin and mineral supplementation treatments (VMSUP; supplemented (VTM) vs. unsupplemented (NoVTM)). The VMSUP factor was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI), allowing time for the mineral status of heifers to be altered in advance of breeding. The VTM supplement (113 g·heifer−1·d−1) provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM, and the NoVTM supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg·heifer−1·day−1 with no added vitamin and mineral supplement. At AI, heifers were assigned to one of two rates of gain treatments (GAIN; low gain (LG) 0.28 kg/d or moderate gain (MG) 0.79 kg/d) within their respective VMSUP groups. On d 83 of gestation fetal liver, fetal muscle, ALF, and AMF were collected. Liver biopsies were performed prior to VMSUP factor initiation, at the time of AI, and at the time of ovariohysterectomy. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of Se, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, and Co. A VMSUP × GAIN × day interaction was present for Se and Cu (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), with concentrations for heifers receiving VTM being greater at AI and tissue collection compared with heifers not receiving VTM (p < 0.01). A VMSUP × day interaction (p = 0.01) was present for Co, with greater (p < 0.01) concentrations for VTM than NoVTM at the time of breeding. VTM-MG heifers had greater concentrations of Mn than all other treatments (VMSUP × GAIN, p < 0.01). Mo was greater (p = 0.04) for MG than LG, while Zn concentrations decreased throughout the experiment (p < 0.01). Concentrations of Se (p < 0.01), Cu (p = 0.01), Mn (p = 0.04), and Co (p = 0.01) were greater in fetal liver from VTM than NoVTM. Mo (p ≤ 0.04) and Co (p < 0.01) were affected by GAIN, with greater concentrations in fetal liver from LG than MG. In fetal muscle, Se (p = 0.02) and Zn (p < 0.01) were greater for VTM than NoVTM. Additionally, Zn in fetal muscle was affected by GAIN (p < 0.01), with greater concentrations in LG than MG. The ALF in VTM heifers (p < 0.01) had greater Se and Co than NoVTM. In AMF, trace mineral concentrations were not affected (p ≥ 0.13) by VMSUP, GAIN, or their interaction. Collectively, these data suggest that maternal nutrition pre-breeding and in the first trimester of gestation affects fetal reserves of some trace minerals, which may have long-lasting impacts on offspring performance and health.

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Weight Gain during the First Trimester of Gestation in Beef Heifers Alters the Fetal Liver Amino Acid, Carbohydrate, and Energy Profile at Day 83 of Gestation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding heifers a vitamin and mineral supplement and targeting divergent rates of weight gain during early gestation on the fetal liver amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy profile at d 83 of gestation. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to one of four treatments comprising the main effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NOVTM) and feeding to achieve different rates of weight gain (low gain [LG] 0.28 kg/day vs. moderate gain [MG] 0.79 kg/day). Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and fetal liver was collected and analyzed by reverse phase UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with positive and negative ion mode electrospray ionization, as well as by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography UPLC-MS/MS with negative ion mode ESI for compounds of known identity. The Glycine, Serine, and Threonine metabolism pathway and the Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine metabolism pathway had a greater total metabolite abundance in the liver of the NOVTM-LG group and least in the VTM-LG group (p < 0.01). Finally, both the TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation pathways within the Energy Metabolism superpathway were differentially affected by the main effect of VTM, where the TCA cycle metabolites were greater (p = 0.04) in the NOVTM fetal livers and the Oxidative Phosphorylation biochemicals were greater (p = 0.02) in the fetal livers of the VTM supplemented heifers. These data demonstrate that the majority of metabolites that are affected by rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation are decreased in heifers on a greater rate of weight gain or vitamin/mineral supplementation.

Mibefradil improves skeletal muscle mass, function and structure in obese mice

To observe the effect of mibefradil on skeletal muscle mass, function and structure in obese mice. Fifteen 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into normal diet group (control group), high-fat diet (HFD) group and high-fat diet +mibefradil intervention group (HFD +Mibe group). The grip strength of the mice was measured using an electronic grip strength meter, and the muscle content of the hindlimb was analyzed by X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels of the mice were measured with GPO-PAP method. The cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers was observed with HE staining. The changes in the level of autophagy in the muscles were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, and the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was detected with Western blotting. Compared with those in the control group, the mice in HFD group had a significantly greater body weight, lower relative grip strength, smaller average cross sectional area of the muscle fibers, and a lower hindlimb muscle ratio (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay revealed a homogenous distribution of LC3 emitting light red fluorescence in the cytoplasm in the muscle cells in HFD group and HFD+Mibe group, while bright spots of red fluorescence were detected in HFD group. In HFD group, the muscular tissues of the mice showed an increased expression level of LC3 II protein with lowered expressions of p62 protein and phosphorylated AKT and mTOR (P < 0.05). Mibefradil treatment significantly reduced body weight of the mice, lowered the expression level of p62 protein, and increased forelimb grip strength, hindlimb muscle ratio, cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers, and the expression levels of LC3 II protein and phosphorylated AKT and mTOR (P < 0.05). Mibefradil treatment can moderate high-fat diet-induced weight gain and improve muscle mass and function in obese mice possibly by activating AKT/mTOR signal pathway to improve lipid metabolism and inhibit obesityinduced autophagy.

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Gain in Beef Heifers I: Effects on Dam Hormonal and Metabolic Status, Fetal Tissue and Organ Mass, and Concentration of Glucose and Fructose in Fetal Fluids at d 83 of Gestation.

Simple SummaryCow-calf operations rely mostly in forage-based systems. Different supplementation strategies are used by beef producers in order to overcome nutrient deficiencies and achieve targeted growth or reproductive performances. This study provides information on the impacts of feeding pregnant replacement heifers with vitamin/mineral and protein/energy supplements on heifer performance and fetal outcomes. Our study shows that moderate rates of gain (achieved via protein/energy supplementation) resulted in fetuses with heavier femurs and reduced liver mass relative to fetal body weight. Moreover, vitamin and mineral supplementation increased fetal liver mass, and vitamin and mineral supplementation combined with moderate gain treatments resulted in greater fetal intestinal weights. These findings indicate that replacement heifer nutrition during early gestation can alter the development of organs in the fetus that are relevant for future offspring performance. Liver and intestines are key organs related to energy metabolism; therefore, this study shows that compensatory mechanisms are in place in the developing conceptus that can alter the growth rate of key metabolic organs possibly in an attempt to increase or decrease energy utilization.Thirty-five crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation [VMSUP; supplemented (VTM) vs. unsupplemented (NoVTM)] and different rates of gain [GAIN; low gain (LG), 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain (MG), 0.79 kg/d] during the first 83 d of gestation on dam hormone and metabolic status, fetal tissue and organ mass, and concentration of glucose and fructose in fetal fluids. The VMSUP was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI), allowing time for mineral status of heifers to be altered in advance of breeding. At AI heifers were assigned their GAIN treatment. Heifers received treatments until the time of ovariohysterectomy (d 83 ± 0.27 after AI). Throughout the experiment, serum samples were collected and analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), progesterone (P4), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). At ovariohysterectomy, gravid reproductive tracts were collected, measurements were taken, samples of allantoic (ALF) and amniotic (AMF) fluids were collected, and fetuses were dissected. By design, MG had greater ADG compared to LG (0.85 vs. 0.34 ± 0.04 kg/d, respectively; p < 0.01). Concentrations of NEFA were greater for LG than MG (p = 0.04) and were affected by a VMSUP × day interaction (p < 0.01), with greater concentrations for NoVTM on d 83. Insulin was greater for NoVTM than VTM (p = 0.01). A GAIN × day interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for IGF-1, with greater concentrations for MG on d 83. At d 83, P4 concentrations were greater for MG than LG (GAIN × day, p < 0.01), and MG had greater (p < 0.01) corpus luteum weights versus LG. Even though fetal BW was not affected (p ≥ 0.27), MG fetuses had heavier (p = 0.01) femurs than LG, and VTM fetuses had heavier (p = 0.05) livers than those from NoVTM. Additionally, fetal liver as a percentage of BW was greater in fetuses from VTM (P = 0.05; 3.96 ± 0.06% BW) than NoVTM (3.79 ± 0.06% BW), and from LG (p = 0.04; 3.96 ± 0.06% BW) than MG (3.78 ± 0.06% BW). A VMSUP × GAIN interaction was observed for fetal small intestinal weight (p = 0.03), with VTM-MG being heavier than VTM-LG. Therefore, replacement heifer nutrition during early gestation can alter the development of organs that are relevant for future offspring performance. These data imply that compensatory mechanisms are in place in the developing conceptus that can alter the growth rate of key metabolic organs possibly in an attempt to increase or decrease energy utilization.

Triple Band Textile Array Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Low SAR for Off Body Communication Applications

A triple band wearable microstrip patch antenna array has been designed and analyzed in this work. The designed antenna can be operated in ISM, LAES and X-Band with moderate average gain of 4.2 dB. The antenna gain has been improved by constructing array structure of 1X2 and 1X4 with good impedance feeding by quarter wave transformer. The proposed array antennas are providing moderate gain of 5.7 dB (1X2) and 8.3 dB (1X4) with efficiency more than 90% in the operating bands. The antenna model and the array has been constructed on wearable substrate with conductive textile as radiating element in the design for off body wearable communication applications. SAR analysis also providing acceptable values below 1.6 w/kg at triple operating bands with body placement experimentation.

Genetic Variability in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

The investigation was carried out in the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan, HP, India during kharif May, 2011-January, 2012. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic variability of 40 diverse genotypes of turmeric collected from different parts of the country including 2 recommended varieties as checks viz. Palam Lalima and PalamPitambar.This research work can be valued of immence importance over the time, as it may be of use for global breeders through exchange of germplasm in future.The observations were recorded on various growth, yield and quality parameters. High GCV and PCV were found for weight of mother and primary rhizomes, incidence of rhizome rot and curcumin content, indicating wide range of variations and offered better scope for improvement through clonal selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain were estimated for weight of mother and primary rhizomes and girth of primary rhizome, indicating that these characters were under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective clonal selection. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain for length and core diameter of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, girth and weight of secondary rhizome and yield plant-1, plot-1 and ha-1 were also observed, which indicated that clonal selection for these characters can also be effective. The overall assessment showed that there was wide variability among turmeric genotypes which has important implication for clonal selection of turmeric genotypes for yield and quality attributes.

Triangular Srr Based Triple Band Amc Backed Antenna for High Gain Sub6ghz Application

This article describes a triple band monopole antenna. t has been assumed that the WiMAX band application is objective. In order to attain the required band, various iterations of the proposed antenna design are carried out. The proposed antenna in the shape of broken hearts operates in the frequency range of 3.2GHz to 4.1GHz. In the final iteration, the heart-shaped double slotted ring resonator (SRR) with two different radii is seen to improve the bandwidth (900MHz) and gain (3dB). In this design, additional parameters like VSWR (approximately 2 at the WiMAX band), impedance (real and imaginary), and efficiency (approximately 89%) have been observed. As a result, the proposed monopole antenna in the shape of a broken heart that operates in the WiMAX band exhibits high efficiency, reduced size, and moderate gain. which play a crucial role in the WIMAX application band.

Clone Selection Based on Yield Components in the First Generation of 6/7 Clone X 101 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cross

Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nde yürütülen patates ıslahı çalışmalarından seçilmiş olan iki patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotipinin melezinden (6/7 klonu x 101 (Nif)) elde edilen gerçek tohumlar 2019 yılında serada plastik saksılarda yetiştirilmiş ve hasat sonrasında klonların yumru sayısı, tek yumru ağırlığı ve tek bitki verimi değerleri ölçülmüştür. Seçilen klonlar 2020 yılında fideliklerde kontrol popülasyonu olarak yetiştirilmiştir. İncelenen 133 klona ait özellikler için varsayılan normal dağılış parametreleri saptanmış ve farklı seleksiyon şiddeti oranı (ì) seviyelerine ait popülasyon oluşturularak bu popülasyonlar tek aşamalı seleksiyon metoduna göre 2020 yılında fide yastıklarında yetiştirilmiş yumru sayısı, tek yumru ağırlığı ve bitki verimi özellikleri ölçülerek ortalamalar elde edilmiştir. Kontrol popülasyonu ortalamaları ile başlangıç popülasyonundaki ortalamalar karşılaştırılmış ve kazançlar bulunmuştur. Yapılan karşılaştırma ve değerlendirmeler sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre; iki popülasyon arasında yumru sayısı, tek yumru ağırlığı ve bitki verimi için korelasyon değerlerinin seleksiyonuı olumlu etkileyeceği kabul edilebilir. 2. uygulanan seleksiyon sonucu, yumru sayısı için p=0,05 oranında en yüksek seleksiyon diferansiyeli başlangıç popülasyonu ve kontrol popülasyonu ortalaması ile kazanç sırasıyla 4,8; 8,9 ve 4,1 olarak elde edilmiştir. 3. tek yumru ağırlığı için en yüksek seleksiyon diferansiyeli, fidelik popülasyonu ortalaması ve kazanç sırasıyla düşük düzeydeki p=0,20’de 1,4 g; 10,9 g ve 9,5 ve p=0,25 oranında sırasıyla 1,2 g; 12,1 g ve 10,9 olmuştur. 4. bitki verimi için en yüksek seleksiyon diferansiyeli, fidelik popülasyonu ortalaması ve kazanç, p=0,10 oranında seleksiyonda sırasıyla 6,7 g; 94,9 g ve 8,2 ve p=0,15 oranında ise sırasıyla 5,9 g; 125,4 g ve 119,5 olmuştur. Sonuç olarak yumru sayısı ve bitki verimi için yüksek ve orta şiddette p=0,05; p=0,10 ve p=0,15 seviyelerinde uygulanacak seleksiyonun başarılı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Tek yumru ağırlığı için düşük düzeyde uygulanan örneğin p=0,20 ve p=0,25 seviyelerde uygulanan seleksiyon başarılı görülmüştür. Patates ıslahında tek bitki verimi için uygulanan seleksiyonda orta düzeyde (p=0,15) seleksiyon ile yüksek verim elde edilmektedir.

Circularly polarized Yagi array with small size and symmetric pattern by using counter‐wound helix

A circularly polarized Yagi array with a compact structure, small size, and symmetric pattern is reported in this paper. It consists of four 3-segment counter-wound helices, one driven element, one director, and two reflectors, for a moderate gain and front-to-back ratio. Similar to conventional Yagi with linear polarization, all helical elements have different but close resonant frequencies. The driven element has a resonant frequency higher than that of the reflectors but lower than that of the director. Owing to the uniform pattern of the counter-wound helical element, a very symmetric pattern with circular polarization at the endfire direction is achieved. A prototype of the 4-element array is fabricated and tested. Measured results show that an impedance bandwidth with |S11| < −10 dB from 1.345 to 1.42 GHz (5.42%) and a 3-dB AR band from 1.34 to 1.43 GHz (6.5%) are obtained, showing an overlapped bandwidth of 5.42%. A realized gain up to 7.03 dBi and an offset angle within 3° are also realized. The overall size of the array is as small as 0.66λ0 × 0.107λ0 × 0.40λ0, showing possibility of further being formed to large scanning or multi-beam arrays.

Differential associations between body mass index and outcome in different age groups in patients with myocardial infarction

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between age and body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We divided 6453 patients into three age groups (<60, 60–75, >75 years) and five BMI categories. Thirty-day and long-term all-cause mortality were assessed. ResultsNo association was found between the BMI category and 30-day mortality in any age group. The association between BMI and long-term multivariable-adjusted mortality risk was age-dependent. Overweight patients had a lower risk than patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 in all age groups (HR 0.62; 95%CI 0.45–0.85; p = 0.003, HR 0.78; 95%CI 0.65–0.93; p = 0.005, HR 0.82; 95%CI 0.70–0.95; p = 0.011 for ages <60, 60–75, >75 years, respectively). The lower risk of death as a function of BMI shifted upward with age, and the risk was also lower in patients with obesity grade I (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.66–0.98; p = 0.035 and HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.63–0.97; p = 0.023 for ages 60–75, >75 years, respectively). Excessive obesity was harmful only in the oldest group. Patients with obesity grade III had more than a 2.5 times higher mortality risk than patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 only in this group (HR 2.58; 95%CI 1.27–5.24; p = 0.009). An obesity paradox was found in all age groups. ConclusionOur results suggest that moderate weight gain with age improves long-term survival after MI and that the magnitude of this “protective” weight gain is greater in older compared to younger patients. However, excessive weight gain (obesity grade III) is particularly harmful in the oldest age group. The exact relationship between BMI, age, and mortality remains unclear.

NAL-NL2 Prescriptive Targets for Bone Conduction Devices With an Adaptation to Device Constraints in the Low Frequencies.

Objectives:To study the effectivity of a transformed NAL non-linear version 2 (NAL-NL2) gain prescription for percutaneous bone conduction devices (BCDs) and to investigate how to take into account output constraints for the lower frequencies.Design:The NAL-NL2 prescription was converted to a bone conduction prescription rule. Adaptations were needed, as this converted rule prescribes more output at low frequencies than the device delivers. Three adaptations with different audibility and compression were compared. Setting 1 (S1, “optimal audibility”) had most audibility due to adapted frequency-dependent compression, setting 2 (S2, “moderate audibility”) had moderate output reduction below 1 kHz, and setting 3 (S3, “reduced audibility, least distortion”) had most output reduction. Eighteen experienced BCD users rated their relative sound quality in paired comparisons for different sounds (own voice, mixed voices, traffic noise, and music). In addition speech intelligibility in quiet and noise were assessed.Results:The relative sound quality rating for the adapted prescriptions varied between the stimuli: more low-frequency sound was preferred for music (S1 over S3), and less low-frequency sound was preferred for the own voice (S2 and S3 over S1). No differences in quality rating were found for mixed voices or traffic noise. Speech intelligibility in quiet scores at 45 dB SPL was significantly lower for S3 than for S1. Speech intelligibility in noise was significantly reduced in all settings and S3 yielded significantly better speech intelligibility in noise than S1.Conclusions:With a moderate gain reduction for low frequencies to comply with device constraints the transformed NAL-NL2 prescription was found suitable for fitting BCDs. Perceived sound quality depended on the gain settings, but also on the sound spectra and how the sound was appreciated. A moderate gain reduction below 1 kHz seems to be the optimal adaptation as it has a neutral or positive relative sound quality for all stimuli without negative effects on Speech intelligibility. The NAL-NL2-BC prescribed a sufficient amount of gain, as indicated by the speech tests.