Structure Equation Modeling Research Articles

Interspecies electron transfer regulation in a stage-separated anaerobic digestion system: The role of inoculum strategies, activated carbon integration, and organic loading rate adjustment

Understanding and regulation of interspecies electron transfer, including hydrogen-mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), is crucial for enhancing anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, MIET and DIET were regulated in a multistage anaerobic hythane reactor (MAHR) via inoculum management, activated carbon (AC) addition, and organic loading rate (OLR) adjustment. The operational stability, organic removal, and methane production can be enhanced, with AC addition in the methane production zone (Mm) (RpCMm and RnpCMm). The reactors of RpCMm and RnpCMm achieved start-up within 20 days and showed a 20 % and 104 % increase in maximum methane production rates, respectively. Microbial community characteristics confirmed that AC in Mm could facilitate DIET establishment, but its addition in Mh could not. This assertion was supported by the observed tighter and more positive correlation between biofilm conductivity and DIET-related microbes in RpCMm and RnpCMm, as opposed to RpCMh and RnpCMh. Further, the dual drive of DIET and MIET was revealed through the comprehensive analysis of operational performances and microbial community with the structure equation model. The electron fluxes analysis highlighted a dynamic shift of DIET and MIET in the methanogenic stage with AC addition and OLR variation. The DIET was proved more efficient than MIET in Mm with AC addition and OLR below 40 g COD/L/d, while high OLR (80 g COD/L/d) favored MIET with lower methane production efficiency. The results of this study shed light on the nuanced characteristics of interspecies electron transfer, providing valuable insights for the further design and operation of stage-separated AD.

Causes of High Turnover Intention: Due to Work Family Conflict and Work Environment Factors

Purpose: This study aims to empirically test a research model that further investigates the influence of the work environment on turnover, the influence of work-family conflict on turnover, and whether there is a mediating effect of work-family conflict on turnover intention. Theoritical Framework: This research uses the Theory of Planned Behavior. The intention to move comes from individual intentions that cannot be felt and after feeling out of control they will decide to leave their job which is also supported by other factors. This theory can also see that the nurse's work environment and WFC contain three standards (time-based conflict, tension-based conflict, and behavior-based conflict) which function as the main predictors of turnover intention in nurses. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative approach. The respondents of this research were employees of private Hospitals in Karasidenan Banyumas, with a population of 285 employees with a sample of 240 people calculated using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%. Respondents in this study were dominated by women. The average age of respondents is 20-25 years. The sampling technique used was quota sampling by setting quotas based on the proportion of each hospital. This research uses a Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) application based on Partial Least Square (PLS). Findings: This finding shows that a favorable relationship between the work environment and work-family conflict both have a significant effect on turnover turnover because the P-value shows <0.05. And the mediation results showed that work-family conflict can mediate the relationship between the work environment and the intention to move with a significance value of 0.040. Research, Pratical & Social Implication: The study is similar to research conducted by Abdou et al., (2022) in the hospitality sector which revealed that the perception of work environment hospitality has a direct impact on employee turnover intentions through WFC which partially mediates the relationship between research components. This study has a limitation, namely concentrating on the variable Work-Family Conflict as a mediator in the relationship between the nurse's work environment and turnover intention. WFC as a mediation hopefully can be a reference for further research. Another limitation is that this research only examines the nursing sector, and in the future it could be carried out in other sectors such as the hotel sector or other service sectors. Originality/value: This study examines the impact of the work environment on turnover turnover, the effect of work-family conflict on turnover turnover, and whether there is a mediating effect of work-family conflict on the intention to move.

Construct validity of the Braden scale in acute- and long-term care settings in Austria: A structural equation modeling analysis

Objective: The Braden scale is frequently used to assess pressure ulcer risk in health care settings. Selected psychometric properties have been tested using various methods of classical test theory in international studies. However, limited information on construct validity is available. Aim was to determine if the Braden subscale items correlate with the construct pressure ulcer risk and whether the construct validity concerning the factor structure of the Braden scale is adequate in acute and long-term settings.Methods: A quantitative design with secondary analysis of data from one acute (n = 328) and eight long-term care facilities (n = 311) in Austria was used to test construct validity. Data analysis included principal axis factor analysis with Promax rotation and assessment of internal consistency, followed by structural equation modeling.Results: For the acute care setting, a structure equation model with two latent factors and for the long-term care setting with one latent factor was tested according to principal axis factoring results. The Braden subscale items correlated with the construct pressure ulcer risk. Almost all examined model fit indices were within recommended reference values. Thus, the construct validity of the Braden scale was adequate in both settings.Conclusions: The factor structure in the acute care setting did not match that in the investigated long-term care setting. Further research regarding the construct validity of the Braden scale is therefore necessary.

Technological Capabilities on Business Outcomes: Evidence from Meta-Analysis and FsQCA

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of 161 empirical studies analyzed technological capabilities (TC) through meta-analytical structure equation modeling (MASEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our findings show that TC has mean positive effect size estimates across business outcomes. The combinative approach of TC presents different insights about its impact on various business outcomes. This approach highlights a theoretical view while attempting to understand the impact of TC on business outcomes.

62 Implications of factor analyses and Bayesian network learning to develop composite traits of size attributes in developing beef heifers

Abstract Advancements in phenotypic data collection methods provide opportunities to capture complex biological traits more efficiently. Even so, interpreting those phenotypes and using them in selection decisions is challenging in beef cattle production. Objectives of this study were to 1) develop composite phenotype(s) of economic importance in beef heifers given attributes of their body conformation and ultrasound-based measures of reproductive and carcass traits, and 2) identify associated genomic regions under selection using the structure equation modeling (SEM) approach. In this study, we hypothesized that the interplay of factor analysis and Bayesian Network Learning (BNL) approaches would better define the complex composite traits for size and carcass-related traits in beef heifers. Phenotypic data of admixed beef heifers (n = 336) for different reproductive, body conformational, and carcass-associated phenotypic traits (n = 16) were collected. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, two latent variables explaining 14 phenotypic traits were identified, herein called Body Size (BS; n = 7 traits represented) and Body Composition (BC; n = 7 traits represented). To efficiently model them in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), fixed effects of data collection year, dam age, and primary breed group as well as causal network structure identified through BNL were used within SEM model of GWAS. Body Size was directly or indirectly contributing to BC based on BNL structure. Given the data-driven approach and novelty of the data, BayesCπ model was applied with the sliding window of 1 Mb to avoid noise and linkage disequilibrium implications. Regions capturing large amounts of genetic variance (Posterior Probability of Association, PPA ≥ 0.8) were mapped to their closest gene for enrichment analysis. Twenty-four different genes were identified associated with both composite phenotypes. Functional enrichment analysis of significantly involved pathways (FDR < 0.05) indicated that genes from the HERC family (HERC3, HERC6, and HERC5) were found involved in cellular growth, and those from desmosomes (DC2, and DC3) were involved in morphogenesis like BS. Genes related to energy metabolism like IMPAD1, and PIGY, along with genes associated with traits like muscular development, and other carcass traits (i.e., FAM184B, NCAPG, and LCORL), were also found associated with BS and BC. Heritability ranged from 0.551 ± 0.048 to 0.897 ± 0.145 for BS and BC, respectively. The combined heritability of reproductive and carcass traits (BC) was much greater than the heritability of any related individual trait reported to date and was comparable for individual BS-related traits. Given this, we conclude that the implications of factor analyses with BNL can provide better biological insights for improved genomic selection in beef cattle, even for traits of low heritability.

Impact of Performance Expectancy on Adaptive Performance: through Serial Mediation Mechanism

Performance Expectancy has an effect on the adaptive performance of managers in small and medium-sized businesses in Pakistan. This study looks at how this expectation work together. The research also looks at how mobile usage can act as a mediator, as well as how productivity also mediates in the same way. In this study, the researchers wanted to study that how usage of mobile and productivity helps managers change their performance at work. The people this study is aimed at are managers or owners of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) that are listed with the Chambers of Commerce in Pakistan's major cities. As part of the full study, 406 responses were gathered, which is a 75% answer rate. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to build measurement and structure models that were used to test the theory. The findings showed that there were progressive mediators in the link between Performance expectancy and adaptive performance. There was a strong and good direct effect of performance expectation on adaptive performance. This link was also affected by sequential mediators, such as the usage and productivity. There is a positive and statistically significant link between all the variables. The study's results will help academics, the banking industry, SMEDA, and practitioners understand how important it is to use mobile devices and how performance expectation affect flexible performance. Researchers should focus on doing an empirical study in the future to look into how information quality, system quality of mobile devices, and mobile payments affect the change in the system. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) and big businesses in Pakistan might be compared as part of this study.

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures & Delegated Investment Decisions: The Role of Religiosity

This study is intended to test the conditional effect of corporate social responsibility disclosures on the performance of investment professionals in Pakistan with the intervening effects of religiosity and decisions of investment professionals. The proposed relationship has been tested over a sample of 248 investment professionals analyzed through the application of structured equation modelling by using Smart PLS 4. The study discovered the significant mediating effects of religiosity and investment decisions in between the causal relationship of CSR disclosures and the performance of investment professionals in Pakistan. Moreover all direct effects developed in the conceptual model have been found to be significant. This means that the extent of religiosity of investment professionals affects their investment decisions being made for their clients on the basis of the CSR disclosures. The positive direction of mediation reveal that CSR disclosures of religious investment professionals positively affect their decisions and performance related to the investments they make for their clients. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that both direct and indirect/conditional effects of corporate social responsibility disclosures on the performance of investment professionals have been tested in the perspective of delegated investments.

Family dysfunction, stressful life events, and mental health problems across development in the offspring of parents with an affective disorder.

Offspring of parents with affective disorders (OAD) are at risk of developing a wide range of mental disorders. Deficits in the rearing environment and high levels of stress are well-known risk factors for negative outcomes in OAD. Building on prior research, we aim to examine the longitudinal relationships between family dysfunction, stressful life events, and mental health in OAD and control offspring of parents with no affective disorder. In the present study, we hypothesized that high levels of family dysfunction would be associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems across time in OAD than in controls, and that family dysfunction would mediate the relationship between stressful life events in adolescence and poor mental health in adulthood, particularly in OAD. As part of the TRacking Adolescents' Lives Survey (TRAILS), 2230 participants (51% female, Mage = 11.1 years, SD = 0.6, at baseline) and their parents completed measures across six time points, spanning 15 years. Mental health, family dysfunction, and stressful life events were assessed with the Youth and Adult Self-Report, Family Assessment Device, and an in-house measure, respectively. Multi-group structured equation modeling revealed that family dysfunction was linked to internalizing and externalizing problems in OAD, but not controls, across time. Risk status did not moderate family dysfunction's mediation of the relationship between stressful life events and negative outcomes in adulthood. OAD show high sensitivity to dysfunction in the rearing environment across childhood and adolescence, which supports the use of family based interventions to prevent the development of mental disorders in high-risk youth.

Interactions between root and rhizosphere microbes mediate phosphorus acquisition in Pinus tabulaeformis

The Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is a major industrial forest in China. Phosphorus (P) deficiency seriously affected its growth and productivity. Root traits and rhizosphere microorganisms play essential roles in plant P acquisition. However, how root traits interact with microbial communities for P acquisition remains largely unclear. The responses of P. tabulaeformis root morphological characteristics, oxalic acid, soil P fractions and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and potential functions to P addition were investigated using a pot experiment with three P levels (0, 20, and 80 mg P kg−1 soil). Additionally, we constructed a functional synthetic microbial community (SynCom) and verified their behaviors in promoting plant P acquisition and growth. P fertilization significantly increased the soil CaCl2-P, citrate-P, HCl-P and microbial biomass P (MBP) fractions and decreased oxalic acid, bacterial indicator genera in P deficiency and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). Most of the bacterial indicator genera in P deficiency were negatively correlated with citrate-P and HCl-P but were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and oxalic acid. According to structure equation models, soil total P could directly influence P acquisition efficiency and indirectly through its effects on ECM or by regulating oxalic acid, which regulated bacterial indicator genera in P deficiency and thus affected ALP production. Inoculation with SynCom significantly increased soil available P contents, ALP activities, root P concentrations and superoxide dismutase activities. Under low P conditions, P. tabulaeformis adopted a high carbon cost strategy for P acquisition, specifically moderating root secretion. Rhizosphere bacteria could accelerate soil P mobility and enhance the P absorption ability and systemic resistance of roots to alleviate P stress. This study provided the theoretical basis for the exploitation and utilization of microbial fertilizers, as well as for the cultivation and management of plantation.

The relationship between short-form video use and depression among Chinese adolescents: Examining the mediating roles of need gratification and short-form video addiction

Short-form video apps, such as TikTok, have become popular worldwide. Compared to traditional social media, they have powerful push algorithms and are more entertaining, which might lead to some negative effects. Research has attempted to identify the relationship between short-form video use and depression, but the processes mechanism underly the relationship was few in number. The present study explored the association between short-form video use and depression among Chinese adolescents and analyzed the mediating roles of need gratification and short-form video addiction. The participants included 1302 senior high school students (Mage = 16.03, SD = 0.76, 42.6 % boys). And a structure equation model with chain mediating was established using Mplus. The results showed (1) a direct association between short-form video use and adolescent depression, (2) that entertainment need gratification, social-related need gratification, and short-form video addiction acted as chain mediating factors, and (3) no gender difference in the model. The present study's findings revealed the important mediating role of addictive behavior between normal use behavior and depression and suggested that preventative and interventional plans based on need gratification should be developed to reduce short-form video addiction and improve mental health.

Enablers and disablers for contactless payment acceptance among Malaysian adults

While a body of knowledge on contactless payment acceptance exists, a comprehensive understanding of the core motivations underpinning such acceptance, particularly in developing countries, is lacking in the literature. This study identified the predictors for contactless payment acceptance in Malaysia by constructing a Contactless Payment Acceptance model using the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 models. Employing a cross-sectional research design, this study utilized survey research as its primary method, administered self-reporting questionnaires through online channels, and garnered 434 valid responses. Structured Equation Modeling identified perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, lack of awareness, and discomfort as the most influential factors affecting customers’ acceptance of contactless payment systems, with an R-squared value of 71.2%. These results have implications for service providers and can guide future research endeavors, thus facilitating the development and implementation of effective strategies to encourage wider adoption of contactless payment systems among individuals in developing countries.

How Does Digital Leadership Foster Employee Innovative Behavior: A Cognitive-Affective Processing System Perspective.

Employee innovative behavior is crucial for organizations to engage in innovative activities and gain competitive advantages in the context of digital transformation. Despite many studies having focused on the relationship between leadership and employee innovative behavior, the role of digital leadership and the underlying mechanisms for employee innovative behavior remain unclear. Using the cognitive-affective processing system framework, the study investigated the dual mediating role of psychological empowerment and affective commitment between digital leadership and employee innovative behavior and the moderating role of a proactive personality in such relationships. Employing data from 359 employees, the study conducted structure equation modeling to examine the hypotheses. The results show that digital leadership influences employee innovative behavior through psychological empowerment but not affective commitment. Furthermore, a proactive personality does not moderate the direct effect of digital leadership on psychological empowerment and affective commitment or the indirect effect of digital leadership on employee innovative behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Analysis of Consumer Service Quality Factors Impacting on Online Shopping Based on Technology Acceptance Model: A Green Purchase Intent in China

The effect of different service quality factors on online shopping, specifically green purchase intention in China is examined in this work. By employing partial least squares structured equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the study assessed the data obtained from 159 respondents who filled out valid semi-structured questionnaires from the e-commerce company’s employees. Based on the TAM model, this study tested the consumer green purchase intentions where the factors involved were supply chain management, inventory management, supplier relationships, quality control, and return policies. All these aspects, the study established, increase customer satisfaction and the likelihood of buying the product. Customer satisfaction is a mediator that balances the association between e-commerce platform service quality and consumer buying behaviour. Similarly, the study findings revealed that supply chain management practices, inventory management, relationships with suppliers, quality management and return policies regarding green products were significant factors that affected green purchase intention. The study emphasizes the need to sustain high standards of service delivery to increase employees’ customers’ satisfaction and consumption cultures. Behavioural e-commerce and consumer research are both advanced by this study, and findings aimed at enhancing e-commerce service quality and encouraging environmentally friendly purchasing. However, the findings of the study cannot be generalized widely due to the regional context and the small sample size of the study, so it is imperative to conduct more extensive Studies that can support these findings.

Digital divide, gender gap, and entrepreneurial orientation: How to foster technology adoption among Pakistani higher education students?

Advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) bear the promise of multiple benefits, including individual and entrepreneurial empowerment. The prospect of harnessing ICT as a means of creating growth and development opportunities is particularly appealing in developing countries. Still, several factors, including digital illiteracy and gender inequality, hamper the possibility of effective and universal utilization of these opportunities, in extreme cases leading to digital divide, gender-based exclusion, poverty, and precarity. Using this observation as a springboard, the objective of this paper is to conceptualize and quantify the digital divide-gender-entrepreneurial orientation nexus as it emerges in the perception of Pakistan higher education students. Using a quantitative approach, this study identifies the impact of digital skills (and thus the knowledge inequalities that can determine the potential digital gap) on entrepreneurship-related technology adoption (as measured through Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, UTAUT), whereby gender is treated as a moderator. The empirical findings, based on Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multiple Group Analysis (MGA), show that digital skills and perceptions of technology capabilities have a substantial impact on the desire to use ICT in entrepreneurial activities. The influence of technology adoption intent on the development of entrepreneurial orientation is also confirmed. This paper adds to the broader debate on gender, digital divide and entrepreneurship. Importantly, by identifying some of the drivers behind students’ technology adoption in a developing nation such as Pakistan, filled with technological and economic unbalances, the conclusions of this study will have conceptual, managerial, and policymaking applications, notably in terms of technological access, digital literary, and gender-based exclusion.

Empowering students: Unleashing the impact of economic literacy and family education on economic decision-making, with a focus on economic rationality

This research aims to describe and analyze the influence of economic literacy on student economic behavior, the influence of family financial education on student economic behavior, the impact of economic rationality on student economic behavior, and how economic rationality mediates the relationship between economic literacy and student economic behavior. Rationality economics mediates the relationship between financial education in the family and students' financial behavior. The participants in this study were all students from the State University of Malang, East Java, Indonesia, class of 2021, totaling 6,645 students with a total sample of 287 students. This study used a two-stage sampling technique. The first stage of selection in this research used a regional sampling technique (cluster sampling); in the second stage, the selection was carried out randomly (random sampling). The method used was quantitative research with path analysis techniques using the IBM SPSS-AMOS version 26 software program with structured equation modeling analysis (SEM). The model analysis results show that the constructs ECL, PEKO, RAS, PE, and their components are valid or valid as models. Research data also prove that rationality has a significant relationship with economic behavior.

Mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship of career calling, happiness, and engagement

The objective of the current study was to examine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship of career calling with happiness and engagement. A purposive and judgmental sampling technique was utilised to collect data from a sample of 300 higher education teachers from different universities in India. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to analyse the correlations among career calling, happiness, engagement, and psychological capital. Correlational results showed that study variables career calling, psychological capital, happiness, and engagement were positively correlated. Structure equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to investigate mediating role of psychological capital between the relationship of career calling with happiness, and engagement. The results of the SEM analysis showed that psychological capital fully mediated the relationship of career calling and happiness and partially mediated the relationship of career calling with engagement. The findings indicated that psychological capital significantly impacted the relationship among career calling, happiness, and engagement. This study contributes to the proposed mechanisms underlying the association between career calling, happiness, and engagement. The study concludes with implications, and future research in the domain of career calling.

Determinants of investment-related FinTech services among retail investors of India: a multi-group analysis using PLS-SEM

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting behaviour intention (BI) to use and actual usages of investment-related FinTech services among the zoomers (Gen Z) and millennials (Gen M) retail investors of India.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores the predictive relevance of actual adoption behaviour among the two different age categories of Indian retail investors. It uses the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology-2 and the prospect theory framework as guiding frameworks. Data has been collected from 294 retail investors, actively engaged in the investment-related FinTech services. The multi-group analysis using variance-based partial least square structured equation modelling has been used to compare the two groups. The invariance between the two groups was achieved through measurement invariance assessment.FindingsThe study reveals distinct factors significantly affecting BI to use investment-related FinTech services among Gen Z and Gen M retail investors are performance expectancy (PE) to BI, perceived risk (PR) to BI, price value (PV) to BI and PR to service trust (ST).Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides insights for financial providers and policymakers, emphasizing different factors influencing BI to use investment-related FinTech services in both age groups. Notably, habit emerges as a common factor influencing the actual usage of investment-related FinTech services across Gen M and Gen Z retail investors in India.Originality/valueThis study explores the heterogeneous behaviour of the heterogenous population in the domain of technological adoption of investment-related FinTech services in India.

Impact of Demographic Profile on Sustainability Learning: A Management Education Students’ Survey

PurposeThe specific objective of the research is to analyze the impact of academic level, year of study, age group and gender on cognitive learning, socio-emotional learning, behavioural learning and overall sustainability learning. MethodologyA sample of 389 management students were considered for the current study. The study incorporates multiple regression technique using SPSS software and structure equation modeling employing AMOS 26 software. For analyzing reliability Cronbach's alpha is used and further the construct validity is established via confirmatory factor analysis and for assessing discriminant validity Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT) is employed. FindingsThe overall sustainability learning which has been calculated from the cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural learning scores is found to be positively impacted by the demographic variables age group and is negatively impacted by the academic level. Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the educational programmes or initiatives must be specifically designed to induce sustainability learning based on gender and age-groups. Industry specific sustainability initiatives can be included in the curricula of professional educational programmes. Originality/valueThere is a dearth of studies in measuring the impact of age group, gender, level and year of study on attainment of sustainability learning objectives in terms of cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioural learning on professional education students especially in India.

Using social exchange theory to predict residents’ perspective on factors influencing tourism development in Pokhara

<p>Tourism development involves sustainably creating and managing destinations, products, and services that balance economic, social, and environmental factors while meeting visitor and local community expectations. The purpose of this study is to understand the local people’s perception of tourism development in Pokhara, Nepal. An explanatory research design is used to show the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. The research was conducted using Social Exchange Theory (SET). The data was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample size was determined to be 403 using non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data using the KOBO toolbox. Furthermore, the Structure Equation Model (SEM) was the analytical approach used to process the data. Results reveal a noteworthy relationship between independent variables (such as cultural impact, social impact, environmental impact, and economic impact) and dependent variables (support for tourism development). The major challenges in tourism development have been identified, including deficient infrastructure, suboptimal tourism strategies and implementation, and inadequate government oversight. Effective mitigation of these challenges necessitates the implementation of appropriate infrastructure and development initiatives, proficient governmental management, and a concerted effort to augment the quantity and quality of hotels and accommodations. The significance of cultural, social, environmental, and economic impact cannot be understated or overstated in the context of tourism development. Addressing major challenges, the study suggests focused efforts in enhancing infrastructure and development, adopting effective management practices, and augmenting the quantity and quality of hotels and accommodations.</p>

Revealing consumer review attitude through online review and website cues

PurposeConsumer-perceived review attitude determines consumer overall information adoption and is a core part of consumer’s online-shopping. This study aims to focus on factors that could influence consumer review attitude and can be used by marketers to shape individual information perception.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the questionnaire method to collect data from online shoppers and the modelling of structural equations as an empirical approach to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that both systematic and heuristic cues impact the reviewer’s credibility and perceived website attitude differently, which, in turn, influence review attitude. Review characteristics, such as factuality, consistency and relevancy, have a positive relationship with reviewer credibility, while only review consistency and relevancy appears to have a relationship with review attitude. Website characteristics such as reputation, familiarity and social interactivity positively influence the website attitude, which positively influences review attitude. Apart from this, review skepticism has a significant negative relationship with review attitude.Practical implicationsThis study could help to foster a positive attitude towards online reviews. Digital marketers need to motivate trusted reviewers to post consistent, fact-based reviews. Further improving the overall website reputation and interactivity could bring a positive attitude towards the reviews. Also, digital marketers must filter and avoid contradictory reviews or reviews that have a bipolar message and reviews expressing numerous emotions to enhance review relevance and consistency.Originality/valueThe current study addresses the need to understand the formation of consumer review attitude through both review and website characteristics using heuristic – systematic model. The paper captures the complex process undergone by the consumer to decipher review attitude and thereby extend the understanding of consumer information processing.