Modern Models Research Articles

Социально-психологические детерминанты отношения личности к беспилотному транспорту

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the technology of unmanned transport is being tested more and more actively and is gradually introduced into our lives promising various advantages. Meanwhile, it is stated that an unmanned vehicle causes distrust, unlike a driver-driven vehicle. The purpose of the study is to conduct a theoretical review of Russian and foreign literature in the field of studying people’s attitudes to innovative technologies and to identify the social and psychological determinants of the individual’s attitude to unmanned vehicles. The research methods: theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign literature studying attitudes to innovative technologies, artificial intelligence, as well as unmanned motor transport. Results. The study has considered the formation of the concept of diffusion of innovations. Modern models of technology adoption have been studied. The article highlights a number of social and psychological determinants of a person’s attitude to an unmanned vehicle. The main conclusions. The conducted theoretical research allows us to conclude that the attitude of an individual to the unmanned transport technologies is a multifactorial phenomenon that is formed under the influence of various psychosocial factors. It is concluded that it is necessary to structure the process of introducing the unmanned vehicle technology from the standpoint of the socio-psychological attitude of an individual to such a technology.

The regional provision of population with specialized medical care according to profile of cardiovascular surgery

The diseases of circulatory system take leading position in structure of mortality. The efficiency of development of scientifically-proved and modern models of medical care support is to be based on data of monitoring of level, dynamics and structure of corresponding pathology. The accessibility and timeliness of high-tech medical care support directly depends on degree of influence of relevant regional characteristics.The purpose of study was to estimate demand and accessibility of specialized high-tech medical care to residents of the Astrakhan Oblast related to leading nosological forms of diseases of circulatory system.The monographic, statistical, logical and system analysis methods were applied. The research was carried out applying continuous methodology and included data from reporting forms № 12 and № 14 in the Astrakhan Oblast in 2010-2019. The Absolute and average values, extensive indicators that model structure as well as methods of dynamic numbers derivation were applied. The mathematical methods based on specialized statistical software STATISTICA 10 were implemented too.The indicator of circulatory system general morbidity decreased up to 8,5% in 2010-2019. The leading positions are taken by cerebrovascular diseases (29,2%), ischemic heart diseases (23,8%) and diseases characterized by increasing of blood pressure (17,8%). The indicator of general morbidity of these nosological forms increased up to 16,9% and primary morbidity up to 43,9%. The average long-term level of prevalence comprised 55,3±1,23%0. At that, specialized medical care within the mentioned direction decreased from 44,9% to 30,0% and implementation of high-tech medical care increased from 2,2% to 4,0%.

Medieval urban citizenship in the West in Max Weber’s historical sociology

Recent decades in social sciences have been marked by the interest in citizenship as the most important phenomenon of the contemporary world due to its current problems associated with globalization, relations between world centers of power along the North-South and West-East lines and growing migration flows between countries and continents, and also due to the urgent, politically relevant, human rights problems. The search for solutions to these problems has led to debates in both academic circles and wider intellectual public about the extent to which the democratic model of citizenship, which historically developed in the West in modernity, can meet the new global challenges of our time. Although such debates focus on the contemporary issues of citizenship, civil rights and civic identity, they also have an important historical-sociological dimension according to Max Weber’s question formulated about a century ago: what was the universal potential of the democratic idea of citizenship that emerged in the West in the modern era, and what were the premises of this model of citizenship at the previous stages of the Western historical development? Thus, Weber considers the institution of citizenship in the broader context of comparative historical sociology which studies the difference in the paths of historical development of the West and the East. One of the closest predecessors to the modern model of citizenship in the West is medieval urban citizenship. To understand the evolution of pre-modern models of citizenship in Western Europe in the Middle Ages, Weber’s ideas remain essential in the theoretical and heuristic perspective, forming the historical sociology of ancient and medieval citizenship in his works The City and General Economic History . The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the ideal-typical model of medieval urban citizenship in Weber’s interpretation, supplementing it with some necessary materials from other relevant sources.

POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE: REFORMS AND PUBLIC POLICY INITIATIVES

The article analyses the main directions of formation of the State policy on post-war re­construction of Ukraine, which consists in timely implementation of reforms and creation of conditions for their effective implementation. The author analyses the proposals for priority reforms and strategic initiatives reflected in the action plan for post-war recovery and develop­ment of Ukraine. It is established that the Recovery Plan in the field of European integration and public administration reform are cross-cutting, as they serve as the foundation and contrib­ute to the further promotion and implementation of all reforms in the country. It is established that among the problems that arise today within the framework of the European integration process are the following: policy development system - the lack of a legal framework that would regulate the entire process of policy analysis and development, and a prescribed strategy for its development. It is determined that the main aspects of public admin­istration reform should be the creation of a modern model of public authority to help ensure state security and law and order, territorial development in accordance with the principles of EU regional policy and the development of sectoral management mechanisms in accordance with the European principle of freedom, management of public affairs and provision of pub­lic services. It is noted that in order to implement the anti-corruption policy, it is appropriate not only to strengthen the regulatory and legal component, but also to involve civil society institutions in combating corruption, since they are mediated by the purpose of mediation be­tween the population and the State. Among the functions that civil society should perform in anti-corruption activities are: control of access to information, its truthfulness and openness, protection of the rights of certain social groups, and active interference in the activities of state bodies to stop corruption.

Experimental and modeling study of the combustion of ethyl methyl carbonate, a battery electrolyte

Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is one of the main constituents of the electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To understand better fire events involving LIBs and try to prevent them, the combustion of EMC was studied experimentally, and the results were analyzed using modern detailed kinetics models. Shock tubes were used to collect ignition delay times (IDTs) and CO time histories, while laminar flame speeds were measured in a closed vessel. All experiments were carried out near atmospheric pressure. The shock tube experiments were performed for three equivalence ratios (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) with the IDTs measured with “fuel-air” mixtures and the CO spectroscopic laser measurements in mixtures highly diluted in 99.25% He/Ar. Comparisons with results obtained for other linear carbonates typically found in LIBs, such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, are also presented. Numerical predictions from recent detailed chemical kinetics mechanisms (Takahashi et al., 2022, Grégoire et al., 2023) did not capture well the combustion behavior of EMC in some of our conditions. Sensitivity analyses suggest that EMC decomposition reactions and subsequent combustion chemistry of the formed intermediates, i.e. methanol and ethylene, still need improvement.

МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ГОЛОВНА УМОВА ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРИРОДНИЧОНАУКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article examines the problems of natural science education in Ukraine and their negative impact on the state of the intellectual sphere of society in the direction of the creation, dissemination and use of new scientific knowledge, as well as its transformation in the conditions of rapid changes in the global world space. It has been established that today the main problem of natural science education is its preservation without losing the high level at which it was distinguished in the past. It was noted that the main shortcoming of natural science education is the separation of disciplines of the natural science cycle with the maximum concentration on narrowly specialized training of specialists. It has been proven that one of the most effective modern models of formation of natural scientific knowledge is an educational model built on the basis of a multidisciplinary approach, which will ensure optimal integration of natural scientific disciplines and thorough fundamental training of specialists who have chosen the natural scientific branch of knowledge for professional activity. It is proposed to pay special attention to the preparation of interdisciplinary master’s programs. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a multidisciplinary approach in the implementation of natural science education, the importance of its integration with academic science is significantly increased.

Groby o domniemanych skandynawskich atrybucjach etno-kulturowych z obszaru państwa pierwszych Piastów w kontekście archeologicznych paradygmatów badawczych

In spite of the differences in the interpretation of early medieval graves of the discussed Norman or Ruthenian attribution, derivatives of different theoretical and cognitive paradigms, successive generations of researchers are united in their conviction of the exceptional nature of these graves in the Oder-Vistula interfluve. Archaeologists are also unanimous in treating them as burials from the 2nd half of the 10th to the 1st half of the 11th century which present a set of specific burial practices, distinguishing one of the groups of the secular elite of the first Piast state. However, researchers have different views on ethno-cultural valorisation of the discovered objects. In this case, the author maintains his earlier opinion that the burial practices of the individuals buried there are ‘rooted’ in the Scandinavian model of funerary culture of the Viking period. However, in the research process, it cannot be a sufficient premise for prejudging the ethnos. In order to give credibility to the conclusions, in line with the modern model of integrated multidisciplinary research, the hypotheses formulated by archaeology require verification by the results of molecular and isotopic studies of human bones. Limiting the ethnic study of archaeology’s necropolis sources to the indications of bio- and geochemistry is cognitively inadequate, as aDNA analyses only establish biological affinities. Isotopic studies determine the relationship of a deceased person to a specific geographical region, in both cases providing no insight into important aspects of early medieval human life like the mentality-determining membership of a socially and politically organised religious and mythic-ethnic-cultural community.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Rich Glauconite Nanorods by a Facile Sonochemical Method for Instantaneous and Eco-friendly Elimination of Malachite Green Dye from Aquatic Environments.

Novel glauconite nanorods (GNRs) were synthesized by the sonication-induced chemical expansion and scrolling process of natural glauconite. The synthetic nanostructure was characterized by different analytical techniques as a superior adsorbent for the malachite green dye (MG). The synthetic GNRs were detected as porous nanorods with an average length of 150 nm to 5 μm, an average diameter of 25 to 200 nm, and a specific surface area of 123.7 m2/g. As an adsorbent for MG, the synthetic GNRs showed superior uptake capacity up to 1265.6 mg/g at the saturation stage, which is higher than most of the recently developed highly adsorbent dyes. The adsorption behavior and mechanistic properties were depicted by using modern and traditional equilibrium modeling. The kinetic assumption of the pseudo-first-order model (R2 > 0.94) and the classic isotherm of the Langmuir equilibrium model (R2 > 0.97) were used to describe the adsorption reactions. The steric investigation demonstrates that each active site on the surface of GNRs can adsorb up to three MG molecules (n = 2.19-2.48) in vertical orientation involving multimolecular mechanisms. Also, the determined active site density (577.89 mg/g) demonstrates the enrichment of the surface of GNRs with numerous adsorption receptors with strong affinity for the MG dye. The energetic study, including Gaussian energy (6.27-7.97 kJ/mol) and adsorption energy (9.45-10.43 kJ/mol), revealed that GNRs had physically adsorbed the dye, which might involve electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and dipole forces. The internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy determined the exothermic and spontaneous uptake of MG.

Public administration of the economic security system through the prism of human rights protection in a changing political and legal environment

In the context of rapid changes and a hyperdynamic external environment, the world economy and politics create new challenges and threats that actualise research on the effectiveness of public administration in the context of economic security through the prism of various legal fields. The purpose of the study is to present the author's vision of a methodological approach that will allow visualising the process of public administration in the context of ensuring a high level of economic security and evaluating its effectiveness, considering the legal aspect of the issue. The methodology involves using modern methods that combine and interact to achieve the goal. These include both general theoretical methods and specific ones: IDEF3 and the integral evaluation method. The approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security is defined. The importance of political and legal indicators is emphasised. The results of calculating the value of the integral indicator are presented, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The author's vision of the modern model of public administration implementation in the system of ensuring economic security with an emphasis on the protection of human rights is presented. All the key elements of the proposed model are identified through the presentation of detailed graphical diagrams for each of them. The innovativeness of the obtained results is in the proposed approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security, considering, to a greater extent, legal indicators. The study brings new views on assessing the effectiveness of public administration, especially in the context of ensuring economic security. The latest theoretical approaches and methodology are used, including integral assessment and political and legal indicators. The findings and recommendations obtained can be used by government agencies and political leaders to optimise management processes and increase their transparency and efficiency

Економічний прагматизм: політекономічна сутність, антиподи і прояви імітації

The article reveals the political and economic essence of economic pragmatism as a dialectical-centrist antipode to liberal-monetarism and economic voluntarism. The author gives a theoretical evaluation of the manifestations of new understanding of economic pragmatism in the context of two manifestations of falsification of its political-economic essence. It is proved that the experience of Poland, which is proposed by the "new pragmatism" as a modern model, cannot be implemented in Ukraine in the post-war period to ensure the dynamic development of the real sector on a modern technical and technological basis. From the standpoint of economic pragmatism, it is proved that the "dosed" convergence of "socialist" relations in the economy of a capitalist country cannot be extended to its political, ideological and social spheres. The author reveals the reasons for the fact that the specified unique socio-political and economic symbiosis not only contributed to the dynamic development of China, but provided this country’s evolution to a society of "general welfare" and made it possible to lay the foundations for a long period of development of "market-state socialism".

Evaluation of the Functioning of Start-Ups in the Lublin Voivodeship

Theoretical background: Due to dynamic civilization, technological, economic and social changes, modern entrepreneurs focus on creating innovative solutions with a high risk of failure. They adjust the specifics of their activities and the way of managing them to the market needs. As a result, entrepreneurs choose modern business models, focusing on a creative approach to their business. Operating in a turbulent environment, they flexibly adapt to the prevailing situation, while focusing on cooperation and sharing knowledge, creating start-up organizations. Purpose of the article: The aim of the publication is to identify the characteristics of start-ups operating in the Lublin Voivodeship based on the following criteria: gender, age, education and experience of the founder in running a start-up, period of functioning on the market and size of the start-up, stage of its development, industry and market in which it generates income and attitude to innovation. Research methods: The publication is based on research conducted in 2020–2021 for the doctoral dissertation. The sample for research was purposefully selected. The survey questionnaire was anonymous, it consisted of open and closed questions as well as a record, it was sent to respondents via the Internet. It was addressed to 350 start-ups from the Lublin Voivodeship, 97 of which were obtained from correctly completed questionnaires. Main findings: The founders of start ups in the Lublin region are mainly young men with higher education who have no experience in running a start-up. The surveyed start-ups create a flexible organizational structure, employ a small number of employees, operate on the market for a short time, are at an early stage of development, focus on the regional and national market, constantly introducing innovations. Start ups in the Lublin region should move towards more modern solutions and focus on expansion into foreign markets. On the other hand, the founders of start-ups in the Lublin region should compensate for the lack of experience by engaging in numerous initiatives developing entrepreneurial attitudes. Entrepreneurs in the Lublin region should also constantly monitor the situation on the market (analyze opportunities and threats) by creating innovative solutions tailored to customer needs and enabling an increase in the level of social welfare.

A survey of power-consumption monitoring systems

Monitoring energy consumption remotely is a problem known to most energy consumers and users. Although it is an issue associated more with energy distribution. However, the entire energy system from generation to transmission and distribution requires effective monitoring both for transparency and reliability. The level of attention that has concentrated on remote energy consumption and monitoring at all levels cannot be ignored especially in the days of modern technology applications and soft solutions. This survey tends to examine the level of implementation and associated challenges in remote energy consumption and monitoring. A comprehensive appraisal of previous proposals and formulated frameworks from different perspectives were considered as a basis for this research work. This work presented a review of modern models and approaches in energy monitoring especially, carrying out this activity remotely i.e., away from the physical location of where energy is being consumed or utilized. Trends of energy monitoring and consumption at different levels ranges from power generation, transmission and distribution including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems were discussed in line with their difficulties. The outcome of the review was discussed and this work provided areas where future technologies and models could be developed to enhance remote energy consumption monitoring with the use of modern technologies.

Theoretical Model for Developing Professionally Oriented Foreign Language Competence in the Field of Spa and Wellness Services

The issue related to the quality of the employees in tourism is one of the most significant factors for the certification of the places in the SPA and Wellness industry. The efficiency and benefits from the provided products depend to a great extent on the knowledge and skills of the people working in this sphere. The increasing requirements for the language competence of the specialists in SPA and Wellness predetermine the necessity of designing a modern model for building professional foreign language competence. The aim of this study is to suggest some contemporary approaches to improving the language preparation in English and Russian of employees working in the field of SPA and Wellness services. The suggested foreign language model is aimed at creating practical habits for using English and Russian language and developing some basic communicative competence needed for professional realization. The model of education meets both linguistic and methodological guidelines and the peculiar requirements for professionally oriented training in a foreign language for specific purposes.

АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТА ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЛІТАКІВ З ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИМ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНИМ ЗЛЬОТОМ І ПОСАДКОЮ

Recent advances in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) technology make these vehicles attractive for mass production in the aerospace industry. The subject of the study is a review of advances in the field of eVTOL aircraft design using modern modeling and computational tools. The goal is to analyze the current common concepts and design features of eVTOL aircraft in terms of power supply, power plant capacity, rotor designs, and the use of advanced lightweight composites. The method used is the study and analysis of open publications on the subject under investigation. Modern design methodologies are reviewed, comparison of tools used to analyze and optimize key parameters, such as total take-off weight, wingspan, rotor radius, battery performance, flight controllability, etc. An important stage is the test. The use of various methods of digital modeling increases the efficiency of this stage, as well as shortens the terms of production and modernization. A large place is devoted to the review of the problems of safe operation of eVTOL aircraft. Modeling eVTOL aircraft in a visually realistic environment allows you to get better results in less time. Conclusions: Research in the field of eVTOL & vehicle test design is of great practical importance in the world. The considered methodologies demonstrate the powerful dynamics of the industry. The use of modern information technologies allows at the stage of design and testing to model elements and processes more qualitatively, which gives such researchers a competitive advantage. The review carried out in the article allows you to use it as a basis for research in the field of eVTOL design, as well as research in the development of methods of autonomous intelligent control of eVTOL.

Технологии информационного моделирования для обеспечения производственной безопасности и снижения уровня травматизма в строительстве

Abstract. The construction industry has one of the highest levels of occupational injuries. Despite the fact that most of the incidents occur due to systematic violations of occupational health and safety, many of them could have been prevented by assessing the risks of such traumatic situations at the design stage. Given the multifactorial nature of the building construction process, it is impossible to solve the problem without the use of information modeling technologies — to fundamentally reduce the risk of industrial injuries in the construction industry at the design stage. Currently, BIM technologies have become the most widespread. However, the proposed software solutions do not always include blocks for assessing the consequences of work from the point of view of safety, taking into account occupational injuries when making certain design decisions. This article discusses the issues of occupational safety at construction sites, conducted a statistical analysis of occupational injuries in the construction industry and developed recommendations for the use of modern information modeling technologies to increase the level of personnel protection and assess the risks of traumatic situations at the stages of construction of buildings.

Administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in a changing external environment

In the modern context of global changes, the study of the influence of administrative and legal factors on the sustainable development of regions is of particular relevance, which is also due to the hyperdynamics of the external environment. The main purpose of the article is to identify and streamline the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in a changing external environment. Key research methods are the method of hierarchical analysis, paired comparison, expert analysis and the Delphi method. A scientific question has been formulated based on the results of a literature review, which is how to more effectively implement administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the region. Valid methods are disclosed due to their step-by-step application. An analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of sustainable development of one of the regions was carried out. A modern model for the formation of sustainable development of the region is proposed, considering the conditions of the changing external environment and focusing on administrative and legal principles, which is characterized by blocks and a schematic explanation. A methodological approach to modelling the definition and ordering of the main administrative and legal factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the egion in a changing external environment has been developed. Based on the results of the modelling, it was determined that the most significant factors of influence within the framework of administrative and legal support for the formation of sustainable development of the Lviv region in a changing external environment are martial law, administrative court proceeding and local self-government and decentralization. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven through the ability to satisfy all information needs of subjects of sustainable development in the region. The practical significance of the research results is revealed in the possibility of using the proposed model and methodological approach in the work of public services and the public administration system of the region

Bayesian Structural Time Series Model for Forecasting the Composite Stock Price Index in Indonesia

One of the models that can be used to predict time series data is the Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model. The BSTS model is a more modern model and can handle data movement better. In the BSTS model, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm is used to simulate the posterior distribution, which smoothes the forecasting results over a large number of potential models using Bayesian averaging models. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best BSTS model for Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) data in Indonesia based on the state component and the number of MCMC iterations, and obtain forecasting results for CSPI value in Indonesia for the next 24 months, namely the period July 2023 to June 2024. The results obtained are based on a comparison of the R-square values in the model, the BSTS model with local linear trend and seasonal state components, and the number of MCMC iterations n = 5 00 is the best BSTS model that can be used for forecasting the CSPI value in Indonesia with an R-square value of 99.96%. The results of forecasting the CSPI value in Indonesia for the period July 2023 to June 2024 range from 6589 to 6760, with the lowest forecasting value in October 2023 and the highest in March 2023.

Enhancing Bone Cancer Diagnosis Through Image Extraction and Machine Learning: A State-of-the-Art Approach.

Background: Bone cancer is a severe condition often leading to patient mortality. Diagnosis relies on X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, which require time-consuming manual review by experts. Thus, developing an automated system is crucial for accurate classification of malignant and healthy bone.Methods: Differentiating between them poses a challenge as they may exhibit similar physical characteristics. The initial step is selecting the optimal edge detection method. Two feature sets are then generated: one with the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and one without. Performance evaluation involves two machine learning models: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest.Results: Including HOG consistently yields superior results. The SVM model with HOG achieves an F-1 score of 0.92, outperforming the Random Forest model's .77. This study aims to develop reliable methods for bone cancer classification. The proposed automated method assists surgeons in accurately detecting malignant bone regions using modern image analysis techniques and machine learning models. Incorporating HOG significantly enhances performance, improving differentiation between malignant and healthy bone.Conclusion: Ultimately, this approach supports precise diagnoses and informed treatment decisions for bone cancer patients.

Why Purchase Premium in Freemium Online Games: The Self Determination Theory Perspective

After the rise of the freemium business model, the video games industry emerged as a popular source of entertainment in Malaysia. In this modern free game model, virtual content trading is considered a great source of revenue generation for game developers and publishers. Millions of players around the world participate in this activity and purchase virtual items. In this study, we focus on exploring the motives of Malaysian youth for purchasing these in-game virtual products. By employing purposive sampling, qualitative data were collected by means of conducting in-depth interviews with game players who purchase virtual products. This study explored seven important factors: the desire for uniqueness, the desire for dominance, the desire for skillfulness, social interaction, the desire for freedom, social affiliation, and enjoyment, which strongly influence Malaysian players’ behavior toward in-game content consumption during video game playing. Gamers and game developers can benefit from the findings of the present study to customize the in-game virtual product design strategies as per the expectations of respondents.
 Keywords: free-to-play, video games, freemium, virtual purchasing, purchase intention

Benchmarking topic models on scientific articles using BERTeley

The introduction of BERTopic marked a crucial advancement in topic modeling and presented a topic model that outperformed both traditional and modern topic models in terms of topic modeling metrics on a variety of corpora. However, unique issues arise when topic modeling is performed on scientific articles. This paper introduces BERTeley, an innovative tool built upon BERTopic, designed to alleviate these shortcomings and improve the usability of BERTopic when conducting topic modeling on a corpus consisting of scientific articles. This is accomplished through BERTeley’s three main features: scientific article preprocessing, topic modeling using pre-trained scientific language models, and topic model metric calculation. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted comparing topic models using four different language models in three corpora consisting of scientific articles.