Instructional Model Research Articles

Comparison of Mathematics Learning Outcomes Between Students Taught Using Direct Teaching and Discovery Learning Models

Purpose of the study: To determine the differences in learning outcomes between students taught using the direct teaching model and students taught using the discovery learning model. Methodology: The research method used is quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were students of grade VII of State Junior High School 1 Wonomulyo and 2 classes were randomly selected as experimental classes for the study. The study was conducted by giving two different treatments to two groups of students. First, experimental class I received teaching using a direct teaching model, then experimental class II used a discovery learning model. Data collection was carried out by giving tests to students at the beginning and end of the study. Main Findings: The research results show that there is a significant difference in improving the learning outcomes of students taught using the direct teaching model with students taught using the discovery learning model. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers new insights into the effectiveness of direct instruction models compared to discovery learning in improving students' mathematics learning outcomes.

Investigating Blended Leadership Dynamics: Analysing Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-Faire, and Instructional Approaches in High and Low Achieving Secondary Schools in Ethiopia

This study delves into the leadership practices within secondary schools in the Gedeo Zone, with a specific focus on those achieving high performance. Employing an embedded mixed research design, the study selected four high-performing and eight low-performing schools. Data collection methods encompassed surveys, document analysis, focus group discussions, and interviews, engaging 48 principals, 311 teachers, 6 senior teachers, and 7 supervisors, totaling 372 participants. Statistical analyses including regression, correlation, and independent t-tests, coupled with thematic analysis, were utilized. Both qualitative and quantitative findings indicate notable differences in leadership practices between high-performing and low-performing schools, with principals in high-performing schools demonstrating a blended approach of instructional and transformational leadership styles. Positive correlations emerged between principal effectiveness, employee effort, and satisfaction, linked to the adoption of instructional and transformational leadership styles. Regression analysis suggested that blended leadership styles positively impact academic achievement in high-performing schools but may have adverse effects in low-performing schools due to insufficient implementation of such leadership styles. The study proposes that principals in Gedeo Zone's secondary schools adopt a blended leadership approach, incorporating full-range and instructional models to enhance school performance. Additionally, the education department in the zone is encouraged to arrange workshops integrating full-range and instructional leadership practices. Received: 11 March 2024 / Accepted: 29 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024

Pre-service biology teachers’ knowledge of the 21st-century skills and its associated instructional models: The Indonesian context

Integrating the 21st-century skills into Indonesia’s education system is crucial for equipping students to face future challenges. This study investigates the knowledge of pre-service biology teachers in Indonesia regarding the 21st -century skills and their understanding of instructional models that support skill development. Conducted from March to September 2024, the research employed a cross-sectional survey design with a total sampling technique, involving 78 students from a Biology Education program at a public Islamic university in North Sumatra, all of whom had completed a course on biology learning strategies. Data were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively to determine key trends. The findings indicate that although most students recognize the significance of the 21st-century skills in biology education, their understanding is limited. Only a small number could identify all essential skills, with creative thinking being the most recognized. Students were well-acquainted with project-based learning as a model for developing these skills but had limited knowledge of the structure and application of other instructional models, such as discovery and inquiry learning. These findings emphasize the need for curriculum improvement to deepen students’ comprehension of various instructional models and the integration of diverse information sources, enabling more effective integration of the 21st -century skills into biology education.

Hydrodynamic theory of premixed flames propagating in closed vessels: flame speed and Markstein lengths

A hydrodynamic theory of premixed flame propagation within closed vessels is developed assuming the flame is much thinner than all other fluid dynamic lengths. In this limit, the flame is confined to a surface separating the unburned mixture from burned combustion products, and propagates at a speed determined from the analysis of its internal structure. Unlike freely propagating flames that propagate under nearly isobaric conditions, combustion in a closed vessel results in continuous increases in pressure, burning rate and flame temperature, and a progressive decrease in flame thickness. The flame speed is shown to depend on the voluminal stretch rate, which measures the deformation of a volume element of the flame zone, and on the rate of pressure rise. Both effects are modulated by pressure-dependent Markstein numbers that depend on heat release and mixture properties while capturing the effects of temperature-dependent transport and stoichiometry. The model applies to flames of arbitrary shape propagating in general flows, laminar or turbulent, within vessels of general configurations. The main limitation of hydrodynamic flame theories is the assumption that variations inside the flame zone due to chemistry or turbulence, which could potentially alter its internal structure, are physically unresolved. Nonetheless, the theory, deduced from physical first principles, identifies the various mechanisms involved in the combustion process as demonstrated in detailed discussions of planar flames propagating in rectangular channels and spherically expanding flames in spherical vessels. It also enables the construction of instructive models to numerically simulate the evolution of multi-dimensional and corrugated flames under confinement.

Differentiated Instruction as a Form of Merdeka Belajar in Arabic Language Learning

The purpose of this study is to examine and describe the concepts and principles of differentiated instruction models and examples of their implementation in Arabic language learning. This is an effort to determine practical procedural steps that can be taken and followed by Arabic language teachers to benefit from differentiated instruction. Through differentiated instruction, it is expected that the role of the teacher is not just to exhaust the material, but to optimize the learning process of each student; differentiation becomes a prerequisite for the learning process, not just an additional element that is “nice to have”. To achieve this goal, this research uses a literature study approach with an inductive descriptive method design to present views and theories about differentiated instruction and how it is applied in Arabic language learning. With this approach, this research seeks to explore theories and opinions regarding differentiated instruction models, analyze them, and utilize them to be used as procedural steps in Arabic language learning. The results of this research indicate that the differentiated instruction model can be a learning solution that can be implemented to answer the needs of diverse students. Differentiated instruction is learning that begins with a diagnostic assessment to map the characteristics of students so that teachers are able to design learning well according to students' needs. Differentiated instruction can be applied through content, process and product aspects. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide benefits for teachers and provides insight into the application of differentiated instruction in Arabic language learning. Keywords: Differentiated learning model, Arabic learning, Merdeka belajar

Pengaruh Model Direct Instruction Berbantuan LKPD terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Statistis Kelas V SDN 13 Pontianak Utara

This study examines the effectiveness of the Direct Instruction learning model, enhanced by LKP, on statistical literacy skills in statistics among fifth-grade students at SDN 13 Pontianak Utara. An experimental design with a quasi-experimental approach was employed, involving a sample of 47 fifth-grade students. Data collection utilized test questions, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test with SPSS version 22. The impact of the Direct Instruction model on students' statistical literacy was assessed using the effect size formula. The findings reveal that: (1) the learning process utilizing the Direct Instruction model supported by LKPD was implemented as intended and adhered to the established materials, (2) a significant difference exists in statistical literacy skills between students who engaged with the Direct Instruction model supported by LKPD and those who did not, and (3) the effect of this instructional model on statistical literacy skills is considered substantial, with an effect size of0.91.

The Role of Islamic Education Teachers in Shaping Student Character in the Era of Society 5.0

Character development in children is a crucial aspect that underscores the significant role of teachers. In addition to being educators, teachers must also guide and serve as role models for their students. This study highlights the important role of teachers in shaping students' morals in the Society 5.0 era. The primary objective of this research is to understand how students' morals change in the context of Society 5.0 and the role of teachers in fostering better and more character-driven students. The study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations to achieve accurate and comprehensive results. The findings indicate that the moral condition of students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Bengkalis is generally good. The role of teachers in shaping students' morals in the Society 5.0 era can be divided into three stages: 1). Before the Learning Process: Teachers function as instructional designers, role models, and parental figures. 2). During the Learning Process: Teachers act as organizers, motivators, facilitators, innovators, and mentors. 3). After the Learning Process: Teachers serve as supervisors and evaluators.This research provides insights into how teachers can adapt and innovate in the digital era to enhance students' morals and character, offering practical recommendations for future educational development.

The development of an environmental educational game based on the ASSURE instructional design model: a case study in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an educational game on the environment based on the ASSURE instructional design model. Educational games are an excellent method for learning, letting students have fun and ensuring that students are physically, emotionally, and psychologically at the highest level. The phenomenology design, a qualitative research method, was used in the study. The participants of this study were 16 6th-grade students in Turkey. The selected games were prepared taking into account the Turkish game tradition. Purposive sampling was chosen to determine the participants. The observation form and interview form were used as data collection tools. The data were analysed by content analysis. The study findings were given in codes and categories, including direct quotations. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the students found educational games entertaining, that educational games could be adapted to Science courses the best, and that playing educational games was useful regarding ease of learning and learning by having fun. In line with these results, suggestions were made, such as giving more space to educational games in the lessons.

음악과 개념기반 탐구학습 수업모형 개발 및 수업설계 방안 탐색

This study begins with the issue that existing models of concept-based inquiry processes generally fail to capture the distinctive characteristics of music education, which involves creation, practice, immersion, and expression. The aim of this research is to develop a music class model applicable to concept-based inquiry learning. To achieve this, we examined the features of concept-based curricula and the unique characteristics of music education, analyzed existing related instructional models to derive their features, and then developed a seven-stage instructional model. This model, which incorporates feedback from a music education research group and expert reviews, was applied to music classes centered around the concept of "change". The seven stages include: 'Observing', 'Exploring Contextual Information', 'Refining', 'Immersing and Expressing', 'Meaning Constructing', 'Transferring', and 'Reflecting'. The focus on 'Immersing and Expressing', a core characteristic of music education, is central to this model, with the structure allowing for flexible transitions to 'Immersing and Expressing' from other stages as needed. This model is suitable for forming music concepts and transferring them to other musical areas, thus promoting enriched musical experiences and practical applications in life. It is expected that this model will contribute to discussions on various applications of concept-based inquiry learning in music and practical approaches to instructional methods in the future.

Enhancing Critical Thinking in Middle School Students: Comparing Problem-Based Learning and Search, Solve, Create, and Share Models

Critical thinking skills (CTS) can be enhanced through instructional models. The chosen model should be problem-based and student-centered. The problem based learning (PBL) and search, solve, create, and share (SSCS) models meet these criteria. This study aims to compare the potential of the PBL and SSCS models to enhance students' CTS on the topics of soil and life sustainability. Data collection techniques included interviews, questionnaires, observations, and tests. Data analysis techniques involved descriptive quantitative techniques, percentage analysis, validity and reliability tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, Wilcoxon tests, and N-gain tests. The validation of the devices received very valid criteria. The N-gain test in the PBL class received moderate criteria, and the SSCS class received high criteria. The results showed that both models could improve students' CTS, but the two classes had different levels of CTS improvement. The treatment using the SSCS model resulted in higher CTS compared to the treatment using the PBL model. The PBL model can enhance higher CTS in the inference aspect, while the SSCS model can enhance higher CTS in the interpretation, explanation, and self-regulation aspects

디지털 매체 및 인공지능 기반의 과정 중심 음악창작 수업 모형 제안

This study aims to provide specific procedures and core teaching-learning contents for music education in school while suggesting an instructional model for process-centered music creation employing digital media and artificial intelligence. To this end, the researcher reviews the several instructional models for music creation in the field of music education, and identifies the key process for digital media and AI-based music activities. Based on the finding, the researcher introduces a novel instructional model for process-centered music creation based on digital media and AI tools. Furthermore, in the light of the instructional model, the researcher demonstrates how music textbooks can be effectively reorganized using digital media and AI tools. Additionally, the researcher proposes specific educational suggestions for teaching and learning activities and process-centered evaluation, thereby contributing to enhance the quality of music creation process for music education in school.

The Development of a Blended Instructional Model Using the Inquiry Process with Digital Games to Enhance Analytical Thinking Skills for Primary Students

Analytical thinking skills were an essential learning process for primary students. The research objectives were to 1) study the current condition, problems, and good practices regarding teaching and learning. 2) develop a blended instructional model using the inquiry process with digital games to enhance analytical thinking skills for elementary school. 3) study the results of using the instructional model. The research and development process was divided into 3 phases. Phase 1; study the current conditions, problems, and good practices regarding teaching and learning, the sample group included 377 teachers and 11 teachers. Phase 2; develop a blended instructional model, the sample consisted of 7 and 7 experts. Phase 3; study the results of using the instructional model the sample consisted of 34 grade 6 students. The data were analyzed by basic statistics and hypothesis testing statistics. The research found that 1) The current condition and overall problems were moderate level. The good practices included blended learning methods, the inquiry process, and instructional media with digital games. 2) The blended instructional model using an inquiry process along with a digital game included 4 core components: principles, objectives, management of teaching-learning processes, and measurement and evaluation. Seven experts evaluated and certified this instructional model that was appropriate in all aspects at a high level. 3) The results of using the instructional model found that (1) the analytical thinking skills of students who studied using the instructional model overall post-test were significantly higher than pre-test at the .05. (2) Measuring students’ learning achievement overall score post-test was significantly higher than pre-test at the .05. (3) Students’ post-test scores of the experimental were significantly higher than the control group at the .05. (4) Students’ post-test scores of the experimental were significantly higher than the control group at the .05.

The Effect of Tutorial Instructional Model Based on E- Learning Towards Students’ TIK Subject Matter Achievement in X SMAN 1 East Praya, Central Lombok in Academic Year 2016/ 2017

The goals of suitable instructional model were for creating the condusive condition in teaching and learning process. With the condusive condition the students would be more active and fun in learning the materials. The conventional method was one of the engender students’ achievement were low. Based on the background, the problem statement here, was there an Effect of Tutorial Instructional Model Based on E-Learning Towards Students’ TIK Subject Matter Achievement in X SMAN 1 East Praya, Central Lombok in Academic Year 2016/ 2017?. While the purposed of this study was for knowing the Effect of Tutorial Instructional Model Based on E-Learning Towards Students’ TIK Subject Matter Achievement in X SMAN 1 East Praya, Central Lombok in Academic Year 2016/ 2017. Further more, this study used Cluster Random Sampling in taking sample. Besides that the collecting data here used tests as a main method while the documentation, observation and interview as acomplement method. Thus for the data analysis used T-test. Based on the data analysis found t-test as a 4,475 and t- table 2,048 in significance level 5% with d.b (N-1)= 29-1= 28. On the other words t-test was bigger than t-table (4,475> 2,048) which means (Ha) was accepted and (Ho) was rejected thus for, there was an Effect of Tutorial Instructional Model Based on E-Learning Towards Students’ TIK Subject Matter Achievement in X SMAN 1 East Praya, Central Lombok in Academic Year 2016/ 2017. Shortly, this study was “significance”.

Empowering Continuing Medical Education (CME) in India: leveraging Kern’s instructional design model

IntroductionContinuing Medical Education (CME) is vital for healthcare professionals to remain current with advancements and maintain their competence. In India, CME remains in its early stages, lacking a systematic approach. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive framework that addresses needs assessment, program development, accreditation, and credit allocation. Specifically, there is a gap in delivering targeted CME that meets the needs of different medical professionals at appropriate times. The aim of this study is to employ Kern’s six steps of curriculum design to plan and evaluate a faculty development program focused on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for MD (Doctor of Medicine) Biochemistry professionals.MethodsThis study utilized Kern’s six-step approach to design a training program on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) tailored for MD Biochemistry professionals. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee. Following problem identification, a targeted needs assessment was conducted through expert consultations. The goal of the program was established, focusing on the development and delivery of an interactive online CME program. The program was developed, implemented and evaluated using surveys and feedback questionnaires.ResultsA comprehensive literature review revealed a notable gap in EPA-related works for MD Biochemistry program. Expert consultations highlighted significant training needs and barriers, such as limited resources and professional commitments. Consequently, the program’s primary objective was to raise awareness and sensitize participants to EPA development. A 4-h online CME was designed, featuring expert-led sessions and collaborative group activities. The program attracted 152 participants and utilized interactive elements, such as polls and chats, to foster engagement. Group activities allowed participants to apply concepts in EPA validation. Pre- and post-program surveys demonstrated significant improvements in participants’ knowledge and confidence. Feedback highlighted the practical relevance of the content and the interactive, hands-on nature of the sessions.ConclusionKern’s six-step approach provided a structured and effective framework for developing the CME program, addressing identified needs and barriers, and enhancing faculty development in MD Biochemistry. This study underscores the importance of a systematic approach in CME to improve program effectiveness.Trial registrationNot applicable.

The value of the ‘7E’ instructional model in the teaching of nursing students in nursing clinical probation

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of 7E instructional model in the teaching of nursing students in nursing clinical probation.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-nine nursing undergraduates of the class of 2018 who were on probation in our hospital from November 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the control group by convenience sampling, and the traditional teaching model was adopted; an additional 171 nursing undergraduates of the class of 2019 who were on clinical probation in the same hospital from November 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the experimental group, and the 7E instructional model was adopted, including elicit, engagement, exploration, explain, elaborate, evaluate and extend.ResultsAfter the intervention, the experimental group was higher than the control group in theoretical knowledge scores (59.47 ± 4.51 VS 54.11 ± 8.46), practical skills scores (19.62 ± 1.36 VS 19.14 ± 1.24) and total course scores (90.13 ± 2.98 VS 84.67 ± 4.47); total scores of learning motivation (30.57 ± 5.24 VS 29.41 ± 4.77), learning cooperation ability (20.35 ± 4.41 VS 19.02 ± 4.25), information literacy (23.14 ± 4.36 VS 21.12 ± 3.95) and self-regulated learning ability (114.00 ± 19.72 VS 109.07 ± 18.61); total scores of viewpoint acquisition (43.58 ± 5.21 VS 42.16 ± 5.10), emotional care (33.41 ± 4.54 VS 32.09 ± 4.47), transposition thinking (13.04 ± 2.97 VS 11.56 ± 2.43) and empathy ability (89.03 ± 13.87 VS 85.81 ± 13.55); and total scores of positive attitudes toward communication skills (55.39 ± 7.03 VS 51.54 ± 6.54), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe 7E instructional model contributes to improved course grades, self-regulated learning and empathy, and positive attitudes toward communication skills among nursing students in their nursing clinical probation.

Bilingual-Bicultural Education: Opportunity obscured

ABSTRACT This article reports on analysis of A Master Plan for Bilingual-Bicultural Education (MP), created after the Lau v. Nichols Supreme Court ruling. Qualitative analyses reveal authors’ intention to: 1) intertwine language and culture; 2) promote richly diverse multilingualism; and 3) systemically embed its implementation among local linguistically marginalized communities. Although the purpose of the MP was to detail a replicable model for new BBE program development across the nation, its rejection reveals the continued dominance of English-only instructional approaches, despite decades of research documenting that dual language bilingual education is the most effective instructional model for multilingual students. It also serves as an invaluable tool and roadmap for the development of future, and revision of existing, bilingual programs in ways that enhance multilingualism and improve inclusivity among minoritized language-speaking students, families, and communities.

Development and evaluation of an online professional development course to support delivery of tiered school-based rehabilitation services

Purpose The Facilitating Integration of Rehabilitation Services Through Training (FIRST) Course provides online professional development on tiered service delivery models for rehabilitation professionals working in education settings. Created by content and e-learning experts, this study describes our use of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design model and the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) to develop, implement, and evaluate the FIRST Course, and reports the findings of an initial program evaluation. Method Rehabilitation professionals who completed the FIRST Course were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey to evaluate its utility. Results Between May 1, 2020, and August 11, 2023, 314 occupational therapists, 54 physiotherapists, and 170 speech-language pathologists completed the online course and survey. Respondents perceived the FIRST Course content to be relevant to their practice and to meet their learning needs regarding tiered services in education settings. Most respondents viewed the course positively and would recommend it to colleagues. More experienced respondents suggested a need for training on tiered service delivery models beyond an introductory level. Conclusions The ADDIE and SAM instructional design models were successfully applied to develop, implement, and evaluate online professional development for school-based rehabilitation professionals who wish to learn about tiered service delivery models.

Assessment of Digital Tool Impact in Language Education: Insights from Educators and Students

This study evaluates the implementation and impact of digital educational tools in foreign language classrooms from both educators' and students' perspectives in Serbian secondary schools before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research investigates the digital tools used, the challenges faced, and the perceived benefits of these tools in enhancing teaching and learning experiences. Quantitative data were collected through online surveys administered to 173 language teachers and 126 fourth-year secondary students, focusing on their experiences with digital tools in various instructional models—traditional, online, and hybrid. Results reveal significant discrepancies between teachers' and students' perceptions of digital tool usage and its frequency. While the majority of teachers reported frequent use of digital tools, students indicated less frequent exposure. Key findings indicate that digital tools like Google Classroom, Kahoot!, and Quizziz were widely used during the pandemic and continued to be utilized post-pandemic. Teachers highlighted the need for comprehensive training in digital competencies to integrate these tools into their teaching practices effectively. Both educators and students acknowledged the benefits of digital tools in creating dynamic and engaging learning environments, yet challenges such as maintaining student motivation and balancing attention in hybrid models were noted. This study underscores the importance of aligning training programs with teachers' needs and suggests future research to assess the effectiveness of such programs and explore non-technology-related factors influencing digital tool adoption in foreign language teaching.

BENCHMARKING INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODELS - ADDIE WINS

The rapid development of learning and instructional design technology has resulted in the creation of numerous instructional design models. These models are often used as the basis for instructional design courses, providing students with an introduction to the field. The abundance of models can be overwhelming, especially for beginners in the field. This prompts the question - which model is the best to use? The objective of this paper was to review the comparative advantages of selected models and to assist instructors in choosing the most appropriate one. Desk research was conducted to establish a list of qualitative indicators that can be used to evaluate and benchmark selected models. The models (such as ADDIE, SAMR etc.) were examined, and a benchmarking table was created. The paper provided insight into the most important characteristics of the selected models and presented arguments on their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the results of analysis and benchmarking indicators, the ADDIE model demonstrated slight advantages over other models. This paper compares four important models and recommends the ADDIE model as the most complete, structured, flexible, and easy to implement.

Preparation of Arabic Teachers at IPG Kpi Malaysia: Community Service Using the Addie Approach

This community service aims to analyze the preparation and training of Arabic teachers in Indonesia and Malaysia. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to present objective and scientific empirical facts. The data sources used in this study include secondary data from references and research objects related to Arabic language education in both countries. The analysis results indicate that in Indonesia, the preparation of Arabic teachers is more flexible with more open regulations and opportunities. Conversely, in Malaysia, the preparation and training of Arabic teachers are more stringent with specific qualifications that must be met. The study also finds that using technology and resources in teacher training in Malaysia is more structured through the ADDIE instructional design model, which is considered effective in enhancing educational quality. The findings emphasize the importance of improving the professionalism of Arabic teachers through structured and continuous training in both countries.