Gauge Model Research Articles

Phenomenological Lagrangians, gauge models and branes

Phenomenological Lagrangians for physical systems with spontaneously broken symmetries are reformulated in terms of gauge field theory. Description of the Dirac $p$-branes in terms of the Yang-Mills-Cartan gauge multiplets interacting with gravity, is proved to be equivalent to their description as a closed dynamical system with the symmetry $ISO(1,D-1)$ spontaneously broken to $ISO(1,p)\times SO(D-p-1)$.

The 3-3-1 Model with Arbitrarily Charged Leptons

The gauge model based on \(\mathrm{SU}(3)_C\otimes \mathrm{SU}(3)_L\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_X\) group with arbitrarily electric charged exotic leptons is presented. The mass eigenvalues and eigenstates for neutral gauge bosons are presented in the general form. We show that in the 3-3-1 models, there always exists triple Higgs self-coupling. The lepton number operator is also presented.

Merging gauge data and models with satellite data from multiple sources to aid the understanding of long-term trends in chlorophyll-a concentrations

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have analysed the long-term trends of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and related its intensity to sea surface temperature (SST) and wind forcing. In this article, we present trends of chl-a concentrations for the period 1997–2016 derived from multi-merged satellite data and analysed the role of SST, wind mixing (WM) and surface incoming short wave flux (SISF) and river discharges in the distribution of chl-a in the coastal waters of southwest India. The results show decreasing trend of anomalies for chl-a. Chl-a shows negative trend, though not significant, with all other variables, i.e., WM, SISF and river discharge over the last two decades in the study area. Whereas, an increasing trend of SST has recorded for the region during the same period. Our results suggest that the warming of sea surface as observed from SST, decreased river input, weakening of winds and reduced solar radiation are among the most prominent reasons for decline in chl-a concentration for the study region. Further, the positive relation between chl-a with WM and SISF and negative correlation with SSTs suggest that these trends are driven by enhanced ocean stratification due to rapid warming in the Indian Ocean, which suppresses nutrient mixing from subsurface layers.

Atomic quantum simulation of a three-dimensional U(1) gauge-Higgs model

In this paper, we study theoretically atomic quantum simulations of a U(1) gauge-Higgs model on a three-dimensional (3D) spatial lattice by using an extended Bose-Hubbard model with intersite repulsions on a 3D optical lattice. Here, the phase and density fluctuations of the boson variable on each site of the optical lattice describe the vector potential and the electric field on each link of the gauge-model lattice, respectively. The target gauge model is different from the standard Wilson-type U(1) gauge-Higgs model because it has plaquette and Higgs interactions with asymmetric couplings in the space-time directions. Nevertheless, the corresponding quantum simulation is still important as it provides us with a platform to study unexplored time-dependent phenomena characteristic of each phase in the general gauge-Higgs models. To determine the phase diagram of the gauge-Higgs model at zero temperature, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations of the corresponding 3+1-dimensional U(1) gauge-Higgs model, and obtain the confinement and Higgs phases. To investigate the dynamical properties of the gauge-Higgs model, we apply the Gross-Pitaevskii equations to the extended Bose-Hubbard model. We simulate the time-evolution of an electric flux that initially is put on a straight line connecting two external point charges. We also calculate the potential energy between this pair of charges and obtain the string tension in the confinement phase. Finally, we propose a feasible experimental setup for the atomic simulations of this quantum gauge-Higgs model on the 3D optical lattice. These results may serve as theoretical guides for future experiments.

One-loop structure of the U(1) gauge model on the truncated Heisenberg space

We calculate divergent one-loop corrections to the propagators of the U(1) gauge theory on the truncated Heisenberg space, which is one of the extensions of the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model. The model is purely geometric, based on the Yang-Mills action; the corresponding gauge-fixed theory is BRST invariant. We quantize perturbatively and, along with the usual wave-function and mass renormalizations, we find divergent nonlocal terms of the $\Box^{-1}$ and $\Box^{-2}$ type. We discuss the meaning of these terms and possible improvements of the model.

Pathways to naturally small Dirac neutrino masses

If neutrinos are truly Dirac fermions, the smallness of their masses may still be natural if certain symmetries exist beyond those of the standard model of quarks and leptons. We perform a systematic study of how this may occur at tree level and in one loop. We also propose a scotogenic version of the left-right gauge model with naturally small Dirac neutrino masses in one loop.

Implementing Inverse Seesaw Mechanism in S U(3) c ⊗S U(4) L ⊗U(1) X Gauge Models

Generating appropriate tiny neutrino masses via inverse seesaw mechanism within the framework of a particular SU(3)xSU(4)xU(1) gauge model is the main outcome of this letter. It is achieved by simply adding three singlet exotic Majorana neutrinos to the usual ones included in the three lepton quadruplet representations. The theoretical device of treating gauge models with high symmetries is the general method by Cotaescu. It provides us with a unique free parameter (a) to be tuned in order to get a realistic mass spectrum for the gauge bosons and charged fermions in the model. The overall breaking scale can be set around 1-10 TeV so its phenomenology is quite testable at present facilities.

Geometric Theory of Heat from Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics and Koszul Hessian Geometry: Applications in Information Geometry for Exponential Families

We introduce the symplectic structure of information geometry based on Souriau’s Lie group thermodynamics model, with a covariant definition of Gibbs equilibrium via invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its moment space, defining physical observables like energy, heat, and moment as pure geometrical objects. Using geometric Planck temperature of Souriau model and symplectic cocycle notion, the Fisher metric is identified as a Souriau geometric heat capacity. The Souriau model is based on affine representation of Lie group and Lie algebra that we compare with Koszul works on G/K homogeneous space and bijective correspondence between the set of G-invariant flat connections on G/K and the set of affine representations of the Lie algebra of G. In the framework of Lie group thermodynamics, an Euler-Poincaré equation is elaborated with respect to thermodynamic variables, and a new variational principal for thermodynamics is built through an invariant Poincaré-Cartan-Souriau integral. The Souriau-Fisher metric is linked to KKS (Kostant–Kirillov–Souriau) 2-form that associates a canonical homogeneous symplectic manifold to the co-adjoint orbits. We apply this model in the framework of information geometry for the action of an affine group for exponential families, and provide some illustrations of use cases for multivariate gaussian densities. Information geometry is presented in the context of the seminal work of Fréchet and his Clairaut-Legendre equation. The Souriau model of statistical physics is validated as compatible with the Balian gauge model of thermodynamics. We recall the precursor work of Casalis on affine group invariance for natural exponential families.

Generalized Liquid Crystals: Giant Fluctuations and the Vestigial Chiral Order ofI,O, andTMatter

The physics of nematic liquid crystals has been subject of intensive research since the late 19th century. However, because of the limitations of chemistry the focus has been centered around uni- and biaxial nematics associated with constituents bearing a $D_{\infty h}$ or $D_{2h}$ symmetry respectively. In view of general symmetries, however, these are singularly special since nematic order can in principle involve any point group symmetry. Given the progress in tailoring nano particles with particular shapes and interactions, this vast family of "generalized nematics" might become accessible in the laboratory. Little is known since the order parameter theories associated with the highly symmetric point groups are remarkably complicated, involving tensor order parameters of high rank. Here we show that the generic features of the statistical physics of such systems can be studied in a highly flexible and efficient fashion using a mathematical tool borrowed from high energy physics: discrete non-Abelian gauge theory. Explicitly, we construct a family of lattice gauge models encapsulating nematic ordering of general three dimensional point group symmetries. We find that the most symmetrical "generalized nematics" are subjected to thermal fluctuations of unprecedented severity. As a result, novel forms of fluctuation phenomena become possible. In particular, we demonstrate that a vestigial phase carrying no more than chiral order becomes ubiquitous departing from high point group symmetry chiral building blocks, such as $I$, $O$ and $T$ symmetric matter.

Higgs mass and right-handed sneutrino WIMP in a supersymmetric3−3−1model

This work deals with right handed sneutrino as thermal cold dark matter candidate. This scalar emerges in a supersymmetric version of $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ gauge model where right handed neutrinos are a natural component of leptonic chiral scalar supermultiplets. We first consider the issue of a $125$~GeV Higgs boson mass in this model, showing that constraints on stop mass and trilinear soft coupling are considerably alleviated compared to MSSM. Then we investigate the region of parameter space that is consistent with right handed sneutrino as thermal cold dark matter, under the light of Planck results on the relic abundance and direct detection from LUX experiment. This sneutrino mainly annihilates through an extra neutral gauge boson, $Z^\prime$, and Higgs exchange, so that the physics of dark matter is somewhat related to the parameters determining Higgs and $Z^\prime$ masses. We then obtain that right handed sneutrino in this model must be heavier than $400$~GeV to conform with Planck and LUX, simultaneously constraining the $Z^\prime$ mass to be above 2400~GeV, which is in perfect agreement with LHC searches in a non-supersymmetric version of this model.

Fermion zero modes in aZ2vortex background

In this paper we study the zero energy solutions of the Dirac equation in the background of a ${Z}_{2}$ vortex of a non-Abelian gauge model with three charged scalar fields. We determine the number of the fermionic zero modes giving their explicit form for two specific Ans\"atze.

RealisticSU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)Xmodel with a type II Dirac neutrino seesaw mechanism

Here we propose a realistic $\mathrm{SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X}$ electroweak gauge model with enlarged Higgs sector. The scheme allows for the natural implementation of a type II seesaw mechanism for Dirac neutrinos, while charged lepton and quark masses are reproduced in a natural way thanks to the presence of new scalars. The new $\mathrm{SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X}$ energy scale characterizing neutrino mass generation could be accessible to the current LHC experiments.

Cosmological and Particle Physics Constraints on a New Non-Abelian SU(3) Gauge Model for Ordinary/Dark Matter Interaction

We propose a mirror model for ordinary and dark matter that assumes a new SU(3) gauge group of transformations, as a natural extension of the Standard Model (SM). A close study of big bang nucleosynthesis, baryon asymmetries, cosmic microwave background bounds, galaxy dynamics, together with the Standard Model assumptions, help us to set a limit on the mass and width of the new gauge boson. The cross section for the elastic scattering of a dark proton by an ordinary proton is estimated and compare to the WIMP--nucleon experimental upper bounds. It is observed that all experimental bounds for the various cross sections can be accommodated consistently within the gauge model. We also suggest a way for direct detection of the new gauge boson via one example of a SM forbidden process: $e^+ + p \rightarrow \mu^+ + X$, where $X = \Lambda$ or $\Lambda_c$.

Electroweak theory based onSU(4)L⊗U(1)Xgauge group

This paper includes two main parts. In the first part, we present generalized gauge models based on SU(3)_C x SU(4)_L x U(1)_X (3-4-1) gauge group with arbitrary electric charge of leptons. The mixing matrix of neutral gauge bosons is analysed, the eigenmasses and eigenstates are obtained. The anomaly free as well as matching conditions are discussed precisely. In the second part, we present new development of the original 3-4-1 model [1,2]. In difference from previous works, in this paper the neutrinos, with the help of the decuplet H, get the Dirac masses at the tree level. The VEV of the Higgs field in the decuplet H acquiring VEV responsible for neutrino Dirac mass leads to mixing in separated pairs of singly charged gauge bosons, namely the SM W boson and K - new gauge boson acting in right-handed lepton sector, and the singly charged bileptons X and Y. Due to the mixing, there occurs a right-handed current carried by the SM W bosons. From the expression of the electromagnetic coupling constant, ones get the limit of square sinus of the Weinberg angle: sin^2 \theta_W < 0.25 and a constraint on electric charges of extra leptons. In the limit of lepton number conservation, the Higgs sector contains all massless Goldstone bosons for massive gauge bosons and the SM-like Higgs. Some phenomenology are pointed out.

Non-Vortex Topological Solitons of the Gauge Model

A (2+1)-dimensional gauge model is investigated. The presence of additional local U(1) symmetry, not associated with a physical gauge field, leads to the existence in the given model of two-dimensional non-vortex topological solitons carrying unquantized magnetic flux. Topological solitons of the given type were found numerically for fixed values of the model parameters. Analytical calculations of some properties of non-vortex topological solitons were performed. Universal dependences of the energy and magnetic flux of a non-vortex topological soliton on a dimensionless combination of parameters of the gauge model were obtained numerically. A comparative analysis of the properties of a non-vortex topological soliton and an Abrikosov–Nielsen–Olesen classical vortex is provided.

The 750 GeV diphoton resonance as an sgoldstino: a reappraisal

Among the various explanations of the possible 750 GeV diphoton resonance, the possibility of it being an sgoldstino is an attractive one, as it is related to the spontaneous breaking of global supersymmetry. We discuss this possibility in this paper and point out the various theoretical issues associated with it. In particular, we indicate the difficulties of this explanation in realistic models of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking.

Disappearing charged tracks in association with displaced leptons from supersymmetry

In this note we discuss a characteristic collider signature of models of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking in which the selectron and smuon are mass-degenerate co-NLSP. In these models, all processes involving superpartners give rise to two NLSP selectrons or smuons, each of which subsequently decays to a nearly massless LSP gravitino and an electron or a muon. In a large region of the parameter space, the NLSPs travel macroscopic distances, of the order 0.1 – 1000 mm, before they decay. Hence, these models give rise to collider signatures involving charged tracks that end at vertices, which are inside the detector volume but displaced with respect to the original collision point, from which an electron or a muon is emitted. In order to probe this class of models we propose a search for disappearing charged tracks in association with displaced electrons or muons.

F-theory and N = 1 Quivers from Polyvalent Geometry

We study four-dimensional quiver gauge models from F-theory compactified on fourfolds with hyper-Kähler structure. Using intersecting complex toric surfaces, we derive a class of N = 1 quivers with charged fundamental matter placed on external nodes. The emphasis is on how local Calabi–Yau equations solve the corresponding physical constraints including the anomaly cancelation condition. Concretely, a linear chain of SU(N) groups with flavor symmetries has been constructed using polyvalent toric geometry.

Gauging quantum groups: Yang–Baxter joining Yang–Mills

This review is an expansion of my talk at the conference on Sixty Years of Yang–Mills Theory. I review and explain the line of thoughts that lead to a recent joint work with Hu and Geer [Hu et al., arXiv:1502.03433] on the construction, exact solutions and ubiquitous properties of a class of quantum group gauge models on a honey-comb lattice. Conceptually the construction achieves a synthesis of the ideas of Yang–Baxter equations with those of Yang–Mills theory. Physically the models describe topological anyonic states in 2D systems.

Explaining AMS-02 positron excess and muon anomalous magnetic moment in dark left-right gauge model

In a Dark left-right gauge model, the neutral component of right-handed lepton doublet is odd under generalized R-parity and thus the lightest one serves as the dark matter (DM) candidate. The coannihilation of the dark matter with the singly charged Higgs triplet produces the correct relic abundance. We explain AMS-02 positron excess by the annihilation of 800 GeV dark matter into $\mu^+\mu^-\gamma$, through a t-channel exchange of the additional charged triplet Higgs boson. The DM is leptophilic which is useful for explaining the non-observation of any antiproton excess which would generically be expected from DM annihilation. The large cross-section needed to explain AMS-02 also requires an astrophysical boost. In addition, we show that the muon $(g-2)$ receives required contribution from singly and doubly charged triplet Higgs in the loops.