Gastric Ulcer Model Research Articles

Agomelatine prevents indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Gastric ulcer is a very common gastrointestinal disease that may be dangerous and even may lead to death. The current study was conducted to detect the prophylactic effects of agomelatine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. In this study, a total of 5 groups were created as the sham, ulcer, omeprazole, agomelatine 1mg/kg and agomelatine 5mg/kg groups. The effects of agomelatine on indomethacin-induced gastric injury were investigated. Total antioxidant and oxidant levels; the oxidant parameters like oxidative stress index and the inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in stomach tissue were determined by ELISA. In addition, the gastric mucosal injury occurred in stomach wall was examined with histopathological methods. While the levels of the inflammatory markers, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index increased at an obvious level especially in the indomethacin group, the total antioxidant status levels decreased. It was observed that these parameters were improved at a significant level in agomelatine 1mg/kg and agomelatine 5mg/kg groups when compared to ulcer group; and the results were similar to omeprazole group. It was also observed that our histopathological findings were consistent with all our other results. The results of this study showed that agomelatine usage in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model provides beneficial results.

Comparative study of effect of ranitidine and sitagliptin on healing of acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats

Gastric ulcer healing is a complex process that is regulated by several promoting factors including Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Diabetes mellitus is usually associated with delayed gastric ulcer healing. Hence, the current study was designed to compare the effect of sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) with ranitidine on gastric ulcer healing. The present study was conducted on 40 male albino rats that were divided into four equal groups: Group 1: normal control group, group 2: gastric ulcer model, Group 3: sitagliptin treated group, Group 4: ranitidine treated group. Rats were sacrificed ten days after ulcer induction and stomach was removed for histopathological examination and Immuno histochemical evaluation of COX-2 and iNOS. This study revealed that gastric ulcer healing was significantly impaired in the sitagliptin-treated group when compared with ranitidine treated group, evidenced by histopathological examination of stomach showing significantly larger ulcerated area and ulcer base maturation impairment.COX-2 and iNOS expression as well as mean vascular density (MVD) were significantly diminished in the sitagliptin-treated group as compared to ulcer model group as well as ranitidine treated group. A significant positive correlation was found between COX-2 and iNOS implying their synergistic action. A significant positive correlation was found between MVD on one hand and COX-2 and iNOS on the other hand pointing to their proangiogenic effect. This results raise the question of whether sitagliptin is advisable in diabetic patients with pre-existing gastric ulcer. Our preliminary experimental findings need to be substantiated by future human studies.

Effects of Prophylactic Use of a Decoction of Blueberry Leaves in Modeling the Lesion of the Gastrointestinal Tract by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Introduction: Today there is a continuing search for an effective, affordable remedy that can be used to treat and prevent diseases of periodontal, stomach and duodenum during the use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ). Aim: To study the protective effect of phytopreparation (decoction of blueberry leaves) on an experimental model of gastric ulcer and periodontitis. Material and Methods: The study was performed on 30 rats, which were evenly divided into three groups: 1 – control animals, 2 – animals that were modeled with non-steroid gastric ulcer and periodontitis (7 mg/kg diclofenacum natrium intragastrically for 5 days) and 3 – group in the background experimental pathology was introduced decoction of blueberry leaves 1:10 2 ml intragastrically (30 minutes after the introduction of diclofenacum natrium). Results: Histological examination of the mucous membrane of rats, which used as a preventive agent decoction of blueberry leaves, showed that it is characterized only by single erosion, no fibrinosis and hemorrhagic plaque, lympho-macrophage infiltration. Conclusions: Simultaneous use of a decoction of blueberry leaves can be used as a preventive and curative agent to prevent the development of erosions and ulcers of the mucous membrane of the digestive system.

Gastric ulcer healing activity against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and gastroprotective mechanisms of Zingiber simaoense rhizome ethanol extract in rats

Background: Zingiber simaoense Y. Y. Qian (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes have been widely used to alleviate gastric disorders in Thai traditional medicine. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the gastric ulcer healing activity of Z. simaoense rhizome ethanol extract (ZSE) against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its possible gastroprotective mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The gastric ulcer healing activity of ZSE was evaluated using an acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds in ZSE gastroprotection was also examined in addition to the determination of NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin (PG) E2levels in rat gastric tissues as well as the determination of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content in ZSE. Results: ZSE at the dose of 240 mg/kg/day significantly accelerated gastric ulcer healing when observed on days 4 and 8 following ulcer induction. Pretreatment with either NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or N-ethylmaleimide inhibited the gastroprotective activity of ZSE. Moreover, ZSE significantly increased NO and PGE2levels and decreased MDA levels in rat gastric tissues. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic compounds were also presented in ZSE. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the gastric ulcer healing activity of ZSE against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The possible gastroprotective mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effect of ZSE might also involve gastric mucosal NO, SH compounds, and PGE2as well as its antioxidant activities.

Preclinical Evaluation of Antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed

This is a comprehensive study of anti ulcer activity of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram) on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Macrotyloma uniflorum, the whole seeds of horse gram are also known as Kulthi bean, Madras gram. In Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, horse gram is prescribed for persons suffering from jaundice or water retention, colic pain and ulcer and GI disorder. Its seeds are rich in linoleic acid and ester, mome inositol, alpha-d-glucopyranoside, vitamin E, ethyl derivatives, stigmasterol and 3-beta stigmast-5en-3-ol, phenolic acid. The present study evaluates the antiulcer activity of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum by using pyloric ligation and stress induced ulcer model. Macrotyloma uniflorumhas already shown potent antioxidant activity and a potent antioxidant is obvious to show the healing capability as per as general pharmacology concern. In the pyloric ligation model the untreated control has shown 4.3 m Eq/L of acidity where as the ranitidine treated standard gp shown 2 m Eq/L and Macrotyloma uniflorum has shown 2.8 mEq/L acidity respectively. In the stress induced antiulcer model the activity was more prominent, in the untreated control there was 26 no of sores were present whereas the standard group shown only 1 number of ulcer sore and in the Macrotyloma uniflorum treated group there was 5 number of ulcer sore present. It is established that Macrotyloma uniflorumis having significant antiulcer activity while compare with the untreated control group.

Antioxidant and antiulcer activity of Ziziphus rugosa Lam. bark

Ziziphus rugosa Lam. belongs to the family Rhamnaceae, commonly it is called as Suran in Hindi, Chunu koli in Urdu and Badara in Sanskrit and in Kannada is called as Belamarluhannu. The bark is rich in phytoconstituents like alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, phytosterols, flavanoids and tannins. Ethonolic extract of Ziziphus rugosa Lam. stem bark was evaluated for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and antiulcer activity using two models, ethanol induced gastric ulcer model and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model in rats, treated with doses of 100mg/kg of body weight and 200mg/kg of body weight. Evaluation was done on both models comparing with reference standard ranitidine (50mg/Kg/ p. o.). The extract has shown radical scavenging effect of maximum 55.84% and 81.69% in DPPH and ABTS assays respectively. The present study provides a strong evidence of antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract against gastric lesions. The antiulcer activity is recognized by a reduction in acid secretory parameters (i.e. total and free acid), gastric volume, gastric ulcer index and percentage protection.

Fisetin attenuates gastric mucosal lesions through modulating nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in rats

Background: Nowadays, the use of plant extracts is increasing in the world for the prevention and treatment of ulcer. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of action of fisetin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Materials and Methods: In this study, gastric mucosal lesions were induced by ethanol in rats. Five groups of rats were formed based on the treatment administered: model group (model), omeprazole (40 mg/kg) group (omeprazole), high-dose fisetin group (100 mg/kg, H-fisetin), medium-dose fisetin group (50 mg/kg, M-fisetin), and low-dose fisetin group (25 mg/kg, L-fisetin). Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were assessed in serum. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) in the gastric mucosa was also measured. Results: In the case of the high-dose fisetin group, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased from 9.57 pg/mL to 5.19 pg/mL, from 0.59 pg/mL to 0.27 pg/mL, and from 37.96 pg/mL to 21.09 pg/mL, respectively. In the case of the omeprazole group, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased to 4.38 pg/mL, 0.27 pg/mL, and 18.58 pg/mL, respectively. The expression of PPAR-γ protein in the high-dose fisetin and omeprazole groups was about 1.5 times higher than that in the model group. Compared with the model group, the expression of NF-κB protein reduced to 0.34 level and 0.47 level in the omeprazole and high-dose fisetin groups, respectively. Compared with the model group, the expression of p38-MAPK protein reduced to 0.55 level and 0.68 level in the omeprazole and high-dose fisetin groups, respectively. Conclusion: Fisetin might relieve the symptoms of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats through the regulation of NF-κB pathway.

New γ-pyrone glycoside from Pachira glabra and assessment of its gastroprotective activity using an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.

Pachira glabra is a medium sized tree that is famous for its delicious edible seeds and leaves. Phytochemical investigation of Pachira glabra leaf alcohol extract led to the isolation of a new γ-pyrone glycoside, 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (HMGlu). In vivo assessment of the gastro-protective activity of HMGlu demonstrated superior gastro-protection at a dose of 100 mg kg-1, close to the value triggered by the standard reference omeprazole drug (evidenced by morphological and histopathological examinations). This was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining where pretreatment with HMGlu (100 mg kg-1) markedly reduced NFκB, COX-2 and BAX positively-stained cells. Thus, it can be concluded that 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-d-glucoside can be a new pharmaceutically active agent with promising gastro-protective activity of natural origin.

The effect of dry extract of cabbage garden on the local non-specific proteinase-inhibitory potential of the mucous membrane of the stomach on the model of acute gastric ulcer

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a complex gastroenterological disease multifactorial in pathogenesis. One of the key components of non-specific inflammation in peptic ulcer disease is the activation of proteinases in the gastric mucosa and their interaction with proteinase inhibitors, which determines the degree of proteolytic aggression in terms of the development of destructive changes in the tissues that they damage.
 The aim of the work was to study the effect of dry extract of cabbage garden on the components of the proteinase-inhibitor system in experimental gastric ulcer.
 The effect of dry extract of cabbage garden on the local non-specific proteinase-inhibitory potential of the gastric mucosa was studied on the model of acute alcohol-prednisolone ulcers. Dry extract of cabbage garden at a dose of 50 mg/kg and comparison drugs – omeprazole and altan were administered intragastrically once a day for 7 days from the second day of the experiment. On the 8th day, elastase-like, trypsin-like activity and acid-stable inhibitors in the swabs from the stomach and intestines, biopsy samples of the gastric mucosa from the esophagus and fundus, and small intestine were determined.
 It has been established that with an experimental alcohol-prednisolone gastric ulcer, a local non-specific proteinase-inhibitory system is involved in the mechanism of mucosal damage. At the same time, the level of trypsin-like and elastase-like activity of gastric juice increases and the activity of acid-stable inhibitors decreases, which normally suppress the enzymatic activity of proteinases. According to the effect on the non-specific proteinase-inhibitor system, the dry cabbage extract was significantly superior to altan and not inferior to omeprazole. The most pronounced effect of normalizing the activity of nonspecific proteinases and their inhibitors was established using a combination of dry cabbage extract with omeprazole. One of the mechanisms of the antiulcer action of the dry cabbage extract is its effect on the local nonspecific proteinase-inhibitory potential of the gastric mucosa.
 In the model of acute alcohol-prednisolone gastric ulcer, dry extract of cabbage garden caused a decrease in the activity of local non-specific proteolytic enzymes and activation of proteinase inhibitors of the gastric mucosa and duodenum, exceeding the activity of altan. Under the combined use of the dry extract of cabbage and omeprazole, a complete normalization of the state of the local non-specific proteinase-inhibitory potential of the gastroduodenal zone was observed.

Gastroprotective Effect of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook. and Arn. Leaves Extracts in Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats

Background: Peptic ulcer is a disease caused by imbalance between protective and aggressive factors in the gastric mucosa. Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook. and Arn. (tusca) is widely used in Argentinian’s folk medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of two A. aroma leaf extracts, 5% infusion and 10% hydroalcoholic extract in experimental models of acute gastric ulceration in rats. Methods: The gastroprotective action of the extracts was evaluated in absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesion models in adult Westar rats through macroscopic, histological and biochemical analyses of the stomach and gastric wall. We also determined the effects on the gastric juice parameters with a pylorus ligature model in rats. Evaluation of the acute toxicity of each extract was performed in adult normal Wistar rats. All results were statistically analyzed. Results: The lowest effective dose was 150 mg/Kg for each extract. Both of them showed a high protection of the mucosa against absolute ethanol. Pre-treatments with the extracts produced a significant increase in adherent mucus. These extracts showed a free radical scavenging capacity and they caused a significant reduction of the malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione levels, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities. The animals presented no signs of acute toxicity indicating a high safety margin for both extracts. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the gastroprotective efficacy of 5% infusion and 10% hydroalcoholic extract of A. aroma leaves, highlighting their benefits as a prophylactic approach to maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosa.

Gastroprotective effects of polyphenol rich extract of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L. leaf

The leaves of Anacardium occidentale are used in folkloric medicine for the management of gastrointestinal disorders. This study evaluated the gastroprotective properties of methanol extract of A. occidentale leaf against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Cold maceration method was used in the preparation of methanol extract of A. occidentale leaf. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator. The gastroprotective effects of the methanol extract of A. occidentale was tested at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg against ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Omeprazole and misoprostol were used as the positive controls for the ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models respectively while distilled water was used as the negative control. The effects of the extract on histamine receptor were also evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ulcer index in the treated rats relative to the negative control. The effects of the extract were comparable with the effects of the reference drugs. The extract relaxed spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum and inhibited histamine induced contraction of rabbit jejunum. This study suggests a pharmacological basis for the folkloric use of Anacardium occidentale in the management of gastric ulcer.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale; ulcer; ethanol; indomethacin; misoprotol; omeprazole

Comparative Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effect of curcumin and wild honey versus omeprazole on a rat model of gastric ulcer

Background and objectives: Gastric ulcers are among the most common diseases affecting humans. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Wild honey alone, or in combination with other natural products, has been used to treat gastric ulcer. This study aimed to investigate the possible curative role of curcumin combined with wild honey in comparison to omeprazole on aspirin- induced gastric mucosal damage in adult male albino rats.Methods and Results: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into: Group1 (control group), group2 (ulcer group) (received 200mgkg BW aspirin orally). On day 6, rats of group2 were equally subdivided into; subgroup 2a (continued Aspirin), subgroup 2b (received combined curcumin and honey) and subgroup 2c (received 20mgkg BW omeprazole orally). All rats were sacrificed at day 11. Fundic specimens were processed for H &E, PAS, and immunohistochemical stain for COX-2, followed by morphometric assessment and statistical analysis. Aspirin-induced ulcer was evidenced by sloughing of surface epithelium, widened fundic glands, vacuolated surface and mucous neck cells and some vacuolated or shrunken oxyntic with pyknotic nuclei, in addition to significant increase in COX-2 immunoexpression. Combined curcumin and honey improved these histological alterations with a significant decrease in COX-2 immunoreactivity.Conclusion: the combination of curcumin and wild honey healed most of the deleterious morphological changes of aspirin-induced gastric ulcer, with a comparable effect to omeprazole. This offers an alternative treatment of peptic ulcer to avoid adverse drug reactions.

Effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Seed Oil in the Protection and the Healing of Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer.

Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa which can be disabling, or even more very serious in the case of a perforation of the stomach and internal hemorrhage. Traditional pharmacopeias have shown the efficacy of various plant extracts in the treatment of this pathology. Some extracts from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) have been proven to have medicinal therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and curative effects of OFI seed oil extracted by cold pressing on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Gastroprotective activities of the oil were assessed as pretreatments prior to ethanol gavage of Wistar rats compared to reference drugs. Two oil dose effects were tested. Ulcer and gastric parameters were measured (ulcerated areas (mm2), % of ulcer inhibition, gastric juice volume and pH, and mucus weight). Macroscopical and microscopical assessments of the stomachs as well as gastric biopsy histological studies were carried out. OFI oil exhibited a high efficiency in the protection of the cytoarchitecture and function of the gastric mucosa against the severe damages provoked by ethanol intake. Ulcerated areas were very significantly reduced and the % of ulcer inhibition was the highest under OFI oil pretreatment. Mucus production was stimulated, gastric juice volume was reduced, and its pH was increased. Histopathological examination of H&E-stained biopsies collected from gastric mucosae from the different experimental groups confirmed the gastroprotective efficacy of OFI oil against ethanol-induced symptoms such as inflammation and damages like bleeding, erosions, lesions, necrosis, and ulcers. Furthermore, OFI oil treatment speeded-up the reduction of the surface of ethanol-induced ulcerated areas in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a time gain in the healing process. The healing rate reached 91% on day 2 and 99% on day 3, and a complete heal was attained at the fourth day under OFI oil treatment, while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in all the other groups. The therapeutic effects of OFI oil against gastric ulcer could be mediated by its varied bioactive compounds that we have demonstrated in the analytical study. They could act synergistically or in a delayed manner to optimize the healing process through protective antioxidant properties, as well as an antagonism against histamine H2-receptors, a stimulation of the signaling pathways necessary for mucus and bicarbonate production, and reduction of inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa. Additionally, OFI oil fatty acids (especially unsaturated) and triacylglycerols contribute to the reconstruction and the repair of the cell membrane lipid bilayer during the gastric ulcer healing process.

Gastroprotective effects of ursolic acid isolated from Ochrosia elliptica on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

The prevention of gastric ulcer pathogenesis or its recurrence is currently one of the main goals of clinical and experimental studies. This study was conducted to investigate the gastroprotective effects of ursolic acid (UA) isolated from the dichloromethane/methanol extract of shoots of Ochrosia elliptica Labill. and investigated for its activity against an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Fifty-six female albino rats were divided into seven groups (eight rats per group): The first group served as control; group 2: absolute ethanol group (5 ml/kg. b.w.); group 3: ranitidine pretreated group (50 mg/kg, i.p.); group 4: UA (100 mg/kg, b.w.); and groups from 5 to 7 were pretreated with UA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, b.w.). Then, all animals were sacrificed, and the stomachs were excised for examination. Gastric mucosal injuries were assessed by gross examination, histopathology, immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, and biochemical parameters, including tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The ethanol group showed severe mucosal injury compared with UA-treated animals, which grossly showed significant reductions of ulcer areas. Histopathologically, they showed marked reductions of mucosal necrosis, edema, and leukocyte infiltrations. Significant increased TAC levels were associated with reduced MDA levels UA-treated rats. In addition, the caspase-3 activity was downregulated. These findings indicated gastroprotective effects of UA at the administered doses comparable with that observed with the control drug ranitidine through suppression of mucosal oxidative stress and antiapoptotic activities. Molecular docking studies showed that UA binds to H+/K+ ATPase more than omeprazole and ranitidine −9.23 vs. −7.09 and 6.29 kcal/mol). In addition, the pKi value of UA was also lower than omeprazole and ranitidine (169.6 nM vs. 6.3 and 26.7 µM). The molecular docking findings suggested the protection role of UA against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

Study of aqueous leaf extracts of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceae) in gastric ulcer models and the possible mechanisms of action

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) commonly known as ̒yellow mombin̕ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in parts of the Brazilian Northeast for its edible fruits, oil and leaves. The bark is used to carve figures and the leaves and roots used as medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. on gastric ulcers. The effect was evaluated in ibuprofen, alcohol and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer models. The extract was administered orally at three different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The antiulcer activity was accessed in rats by comparing the ulcer index in the test group with that of the control (distilled water) and standard (omeprazole, misoprostol) groups. The involvements of endogenous nitric oxide, prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in the cytoprotective action of Spondias mombin L. were also investigated. The extract showed a significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p< 0.001) antisecretory and gastric cytoprotective effects in pylorus ligation, alcohol and ibuprofen-induced ulcer model respectively. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging of free radical using nitric oxide, reducing power activity and DPPH assay. Spondias mombin L. showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides and terpenes. The experiment suggests a possible participation of NO synthase and NP-SH pathways in the gastroprotective effect of Spondias mombin.

Chemical Constituents and Anti-Ulcer Activity of Ethylacetate Extract of the Leaves of Sanchezia nobilis Hook.F.

Study have two objectives. First objective is about the identification of the five components. The second objective is about the antiulcer activity of the ethylacetate extract. Five compounds (1–5) were isolated from the leaves of Sanchezia nobilis Hook.F. collected in Nam Dinh province by chromatographic methods. These compounds were identified as: Quercetin (1), Scopoletin (2), Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4),3’-Omethyl- 3,4-methylenedioxy ellagic acid (5).Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compounds 3, 4, 5 were isolated from the leaves of Sanchezia nobilis Hook.F. for the first time. Evaluation the effect of gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer on cyteamine induced gastric ulcer models indicates at this ethylacetate extract has the effect to improve the extent of ulcer lesions treatment (54,17 %); obviously reduced the average of number pocket of ulcers (1,85 ± 0,80) and ulcer index (5,61 ± 2,69), however, it does not change the area of the ulcer.

Study of the antiulcer activity of dry extract of garden cabbage on a model of subchronic gastric ulcer

Aim – to study the gastroprotective properties of dry cabbage garden extract on the model of experimental lesions of the gastric mucosa with acetylsalicylic acid.Materials and methods. Subchronic ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa of rats were simulated by intragastric administration of acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 3 days. Dry cabbage extract in a conditional therapeutic dose of 50 mg/kg and the comparison drugs omeprazole and altan were administered daily during the reproduction of the pathology and for another 2 days. The percentage of animals with ulcers in the group, the condition of the gastric mucosa were evaluated, the ulcer index and anti-ulcer activity were calculated. Histologically, the capacity of mucoid secretion by mucus-forming cells of the pathogenic epithelium outside the destruction zones by the severity of the PAS-reaction was investigated.Results. It was established that the dry extract of cabbage at a dose of 50 mg/kg leveled the ulcerogenic effect of acetylsalicylic acid at the level of omeprazole, which was reflected by a decrease in the ulcer index by 3,3 times, its antiulcer activity was 83 %. The maximum anti-ulcer effect was shown by the combination of dry cabbage extract with omeprazole, which significantly reduced the risk of developing damage to the gastric mucosa, ulcer index exceeded monotherapy with dry cabbage extract, omeprazole and altan, anti-ulcer activity was at the level of 94 %. The cabbage extract stabilized the processes of mucoid synthesis; when combined with omeprazole, the PAS-intensity of the gastric superficial-foveolar epithelium of the mucous membrane did not differ from the intact control in all the studied areas. The obtained data allow us to consider the dry extract of garden cabbage as a gastroprotector of acetylsalicylic ulcerogenesis.Conclusions. On the model of rats' gastric lesion with acetylsalicylic acid, a dry cabbage extract showed an anti-ulcer effect, by the severity of which it was not inferior to the comparator drug with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole and significantly exceeded the phytopreparation of altan tablets. The combined use of cabbage extract and omeprazole showed a high prophylactic effect on the negative effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms of the gastroprotective effect of dry cabbage extract is its ability to enhance the formation of mucus by the cells of the integumentary-patchy epithelium of the stomach. The results indicate the promise of further research on the anti-ulcer properties of dry cabbage extract for the purpose of its use in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and the prevention of gastropathy caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Study on the Mechanism of Fu Zi Li Zhong Decoction in Treating Gastric Ulcer and its Effect on Gastrointestinal Microecology

ObjectiveTo explore the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Fu Zi Li Zhong Decoction (FZLZD) in treating gastric ulcer and its effect on gastrointestinal microecology. MethodsRat gastric ulcer model was established by continuous vinegar gavage. The experiment included normal group, model group, ranitidine group and FZLZD group. The animals were handled after intragastricing administration of corresponding clinical isodose drugs for 7 d. The rats’ gastrointestinal histopathology was observed by HE staining. The expression of ZO-1 and Occludin mRNA in rat gastric tissue was detected by RT-PCR. The diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16SrDNA sequencing. ResultsFZLZD can effectively improve gastric mucosal destruction, epithelial exfoliation, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory substance exudation and edema in rats with gastric ulcer. FZLZD can effectively up-regulate the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin mRNA in gastric tissue of rats with gastric ulcer. The results of intestinal flora diversity showed that the diversity of intestinal flora in FZLZD group was significantly higher than that of model group. ConclusionsFZLZD can regulate gastric ulcer by promoting the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin and improving the diversity of intestinal flora.

Evaluation of Antiulcerogenic Activity of Clerodendron Infortunatum Extract on Albino Rat Gastric Ulceration

Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, reported to contain active bitter substance like clerodin, has been widely used as tonic and anthelmintic agent in the country sides of North India. Though, variously used in Ayurveda, Unani system of medicine and Homeopathy in case of ailments like diarrhoea, skin disorders, venereal and scrofulous complaints, wounds, post-natal complications, as vermifuge, laxative and cholagogue, for the removal of ascarids in anus, as external applications on tumours, etc., Background: The present study reports the antiulcer properties of 50% ethanolic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) leaves have assessed in different acute and chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. Methods: EECI (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from ethanol (EtOH), Cold-restraint stress (CRS), Pylorus-ligation (PL) and 10 days for prevention of acetic acid induced ulcers. Results: The EECI showed significant gastric ulcer protective effect in doses of 400 mg/kg, when given twice daily for 5 days against gastric ulcers induced by ethanol (EtOH), cold restraint stress (CRS) and pyloric ligation (PL). EECI showed dose dependent decrease in ulcer index (UI) against ulcers induced by: (i) Ethanol (control UI: 29.52±2.4 mm2/rat, EECI decrease 21.12±2.3 – 5.3±1.0 (ii) Cold restraint stress (CRS) (control UI: 32.13±2.1, EECI decrease 24.02±2.2 – 4.7±1.1 (iii) pylorus ligation (control UI: 29.25±2.4 mm2/rat, EECI decrease 22.32±2.7 – 5.3±1.0, EECI 400 mg/kg significantly healed ulcers induced by 50% acetic acid after 5 (control UI: 32.30 ± 2.9, EECI decrease 26.27±1.9 – 8.56±0.98 and after 10 days treatment (control UI: 29.02 ± 2.6, healing 21.28±2.1 – 5.78±1.2. EECI prevents the oxidative damage of gastric mucosa by blocking lipid peroxidation and by significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, and increase in catalase activity. Conclusions: Our results show that Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) possess significant gastro-protective activity which might be due to gastric defence factors and clerodin might be the main constituents responsible for this activity.

Ratlarda İndometazinle Oluşturulan Gastrik Ülser Üzerine Silimarinin Koruyucu Etkileri

Silymarin is a natural antioxidant polyphenolic flavonoid structure, it has been reported to be effective against free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and can promote ulcer in gastric tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. Forty two male Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups (n=7); control, indomethacin, lansoprazole+indomethacin, silymarin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg)+indomethacin group. Different doses of silymarin were administered by oral gavage and then gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of indomethacin (25 mg/kg). Ulcer protective activity of silymarin was compared with lansoprazole (30 mg/kg). The rats were euthanized 6 h after indomethacin exposure. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in stomach tissue. Gastric tissue was also assessed in terms of macroscopic as ulcerative areas. As a result, 100 mg/kg silymarin was showed antiulceratif effects. The same dose of silymarin significantly decreased MDA level and MPO activity, and increased SOD activity and GSH level in stomach tissue. Silymarin might have a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer as well as oxidative stress in rat.