There is growing recognition that short-term changes in speech perception influence speech production. These effects offer new insight into interactions of perception and production and shed light on phonetic convergence, the subtle alignment of speech patterns that emerges between communication partners. Across three experiments, we investigate the representations underlying perceptual effects on speech production. Building from the established influence of preceding context on speech perception, we strategically pair contexts to shift perception of target syllables and test whether these perceptual effects influence speech production. Experiment 1 shows that speech contexts rich in articulatory-phonetic information shift speech perception and alter acoustic patterns of speech production. Experiment 2 demonstrates that continuous natural speech filtered to possess subtly different spectral profiles that do not impact articulatory-phonetic information also affects both perception and production. Strikingly, Experiment 3 reveals that even nonspeech tones induce perceptual context effects that influence speech production. The findings point to a much broader scope of perception-production transfer than reported previously and challenge the necessity of social interaction, covert imitation, and articulatory-phonetic information in sensorimotor speech interactions. This emphasizes the need to extend models of speech motor control to account for perceptual influences of other talkers' speech on speech production and to accommodate general auditory processes in sensorimotor models of speech. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables efficient fabrication of large-scale metallic components. However, the geometry of each as-deposited layer (ADL) is highly sensitive to coupled thermofluid dynamics and process fluctuations. These complex interactions make it difficult to maintain geometric stability, underscoring the need for accurate layer-wise profile predictions to support process planning, dimensional control, and defect prevention. This study presents ILPP-Net, an inter-layer profile prediction network that leverages a sequential signed distance field (SDF) representation to model the spatio-temporal evolution of multi-layer WAAM deposition. The point cloud of each layer is converted into a sequence of SDF cross-sections, which are combined with the process metadata, including global position, wire-feeding speed, deposition speed, arc current, and lateral torch offset, to predict the next-layer contour. A temporal context block (TCB) integrates geometric and process information through parametric fusion and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), whereas a FiLM-modulated U-Net performs spatial regression to reconstruct a continuous SDF distribution. A WAAM system integrated with a 3D vision module was developed to acquire real layer datasets for training and evaluation. ILPP-Net achieves high prediction fidelity across different deposition strategies. For early thermally unstable layers (Layer 2 - 3), the model achieves an mloU of 0.85 - 0.86 with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.192 - 0.187 mm, while performance improves for the more stabilized upper layers (Layers 7–10) to 0.89–0.90 mloU and 0.165–0.141 mm RMSE. Ablation studies show that TCB contributes to an accuracy gain of ≈14.36%, highlighting the importance of temporal modeling. The proposed model was further deployed in a prediction-driven feed-forward compensation experiment, where the ILPP-based parameter adjustment significantly improved the dimensional accuracy. Relative to the open-loop deposition, the compensation strategy reduced the final height RMSE by 56.57% and the mean error by 62.4%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model for geometry-aware adaptive control.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) effectively requires precise modeling of glucose dynamics, especially the sharp postprandial spikes that contribute to long-term complications. Current models often treat meals as mere external disturbances, a simplification that limits both physiological accuracy and therapeutic potential. This study addresses that gap by introducing a novel four-compartment extension of Bergman’s minimal model, where meal absorption is represented as an internal dynamic state rather than an external input. The proposed framework captures the time-dependent release of glucose into the bloodstream following a meal. Mathematical analysis confirms the model’s consistency, establishing existence, uniqueness, boundedness, and positivity of solutions under biologically relevant parameters. Application of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle yields an optimal insulin administration strategy explicitly linked to meal dynamics, producing a feedback control law that adjusts insulin delivery in response to real-time nutrient absorption. Numerical simulations confirm the approach’s effectiveness in dampening postprandial glucose excursions and improving overall glycemic stability. By integrating meal dynamics directly into the physiological model, this work provides a more realistic foundation for designing adaptive insulin therapies and supports the development of next-generation artificial pancreas systems.

Neural signatures of word learning: How individual differences shape ERPs and oscillations in the early stages of learning a new language.

Abstract:From the perspective of engineering economic benefits and BIM technology application, this paper studies the application effect of intelligent engineering concept, constructs a coupling and coordination model of industrial engineering construction quality control, and conducts an empirical study on the application data of industrial engineering. According to the research and analysis, the concept of smart engineering has a promoting effect on the application of BIM technology in the quality control of industrial engineering buildings, and the balance of promotion is significantly improved, with an increase of 20~40%. At the same time, the construction quality control rate is always above 90%, and the reduction rate of engineering construction costs is about 15%. Therefore, the role of the smart engineering concept allows BIM to maintain a positive relationship between BIM and industrial engineering construction quality control, improve the wisdom of the construction process, construction plan application and construction result evaluation, and realize the purpose of green and low-carbon construction, energy conservation and environmental protection construction, and strengthen project quality. Keywords: smart engineering concept; BIM technology; industrial engineering; architecture; Quality control

The author proposes to examine the metamorphoses of the social structure in the context of the emergence of a digital society. Digitalization leads to two socially significant consequences: first, the transformation of mechanisms of power, and second, the intensification of digital inequality. The first aspect is analyzed through Michel Foucault’s concept of power. In Discipline and Punish, Foucault traces the transformation of power in the eighteenth century, referring to Jeremy Bentham’s idea of the panopticon. The prison model proposed by Bentham makes it possible to replace demonstrative corporal punishment with a system in which prisoners do not know when they are being observed but are aware that surveillance may occur at any moment. Foucault extends this principle of exercising power to society as a whole. However, contemporary digital technologies render architectural ingenuity unnecessary: the panoptic model of social control transforms into a post-panoptic one, in which every individual can be seen anywhere and at any time and, moreover, actively seeks such visibility. Seduction and simulation become new instruments of digital surveillance: a person attached to the screen becomes detached from real social communication, as in the practice of scrolling. At the same time, digital inequality deepens in the post-panoptic digital society, as certain social groups find themselves in a disadvantaged position compared to those who possess more advanced digital skills. Furthermore, some services cannot be accessed without the necessary digital competencies. Access to digital resources determines opportunities for survival, education, maintaining social ties, and participation in social life. The author argues that despite the positive public perception of digital reform, the process of digitalization requires a critical approach, since the omnipresence of digital technologies not only facilitates access to services but also exacerbates digital inequality and compels certain groups to experience persistent stress associated with insufficient digital skills.

Research on the mechanism of Zuogui Wan in ameliorating oligoasthenozoospermia in rats via modulating cuproptosis-related pathways.

Simultaneous electromagnetic localization, guidance and control of underactuated AUV for autonomous subsea cable inspection

Problem definition: Vaccination campaigns often face significant operational challenges such as limited stockpiles, vaccine delivery delays, and constrained administration capacity. In such contexts, fractional-dose vaccines have been described in the medical literature as a possible strategy because their efficacy reduction is typically not commensurate with the level of fractionation, allowing greater population coverage. We seek to determine the optimal use and potential benefits of a fractionated vaccine dose with lower and more uncertain efficacy, given the specific supply constraints faced by a country. Methodology/results: We employ a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model integrating vaccination with full and fractional doses over time. We embed it within a deterministic optimal control model aimed at identifying vaccination policies that minimize total infections during an epidemic, given operational constraints restricting the stockpile, delivery rate, and administration of vaccines. Using a statistical approach described in the clinical literature for estimating the uncertainty around fractional-dose efficacy, we conduct two application case studies grounded in real-world scenarios. Our theoretical analysis provides an intuitive characterization of the optimal vaccination policy that, depending on the epidemic and operational parameters, may utilize a combination of full- and fractional-dose vaccines, either simultaneously or sequentially. We also examine simpler policies that employ a single vaccine dosage throughout the epidemic. We conclude that, although these single-dose policies can often be almost as effective as the optimal policy in averting infections, they are not as robust to the uncertainty affecting fractional-dose vaccine efficacy. Managerial implications: Fractional-dose vaccines, used either alone or in conjunction with full-dose vaccines, present an opportunity to significantly reduce infections during an epidemic in resource-constrained settings. The proportion of fractional-dose vaccines relative to full-dose vaccines in a campaign should generally increase with the maximum vaccine administration rate and decrease with the total antigen stockpile available. History: This paper was selected as part of the 1RR initiative between the M&SOM journal and the MSOM Society. This particular paper was part of the 2024 MSOM Service Operations SIG Conference. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.1332 .

Data-driven integrated method for frequency security assessment and control in power systems

During robotic weld grinding, the complex stress and velocity distribution in the contact zone between the grinding disc and the workpiece directly governs the material removal depth (MRD), which ultimately determines the weld seam profile accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, investigating the material removal mechanism in weld grinding is of great significance for achieving precise process control. Firstly, this study establishes a computational model for the MRD and contour in the semi-elliptical contact area of end-face grinding, based on the inclined contact geometry between the disc and a planar surface, and integrates Preston’s wear theory with Hertzian contact mechanics. Furthermore, the influence of grinding process parameters on the pressure distribution within the contact zone is elucidated. Considering the characteristics of robotic weld grinding, a relative sliding velocity distribution model applicable to both linear and curved paths is derived. Building on these findings, the accumulated MRD under the action of a moving distributed source in the semi-elliptical contact zone is solved via parametric integration. Finally, the results show that under the specified grinding parameters, the predicted MRD from the model and the experimentally measured MRD exhibit consistent variation trends and reach their extreme values at corresponding locations. Across three representative working conditions, the relative error between the predicted and measured maximum removal depth remains below 10%, with the root mean square error not exceeding 0.018 mm. A comparative analysis of the maximum removal depth under different normal forces demonstrates good agreement in both magnitude and trend between theoretical predictions and experimental results. The correctness and applicability of the proposed theoretical model are further verified through comparison with existing distributed contact models and Hertz contact models. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the MRD in the actual semi-elliptical grinding zone considering disc inclination, which holds important theoretical significance for achieving quantitative and precise control in robotic grinding processes.

Biological pest-natural enemy control model combined with Allee effect and cannibalism in natural enemies with additional food provision

Abstract The large-scale integration of distributed renewable generation (DRG) reduces carbon emissions in power systems, but its intermittency and volatility introduce new challenges for voltage and frequency control. This paper proposes a multi-time-scale reactive power optimization approach that incorporates demand-side response. Firstly, based on the interaction characteristics between sources and loads in the distribution network, a demand-side response mechanism using dynamic time-of-use pricing is designed to explore the source-load matching and tracking capabilities. Secondly, a multi-scale day-ahead reactive power optimization control model is constructed, which comprehensively considers the dynamic response mechanism on the demand side. The objective function of this model aims to minimize network losses and voltage deviations while accounting for the day-ahead price response characteristics of loads. The multi-scale reactive power optimization model is then transformed into a Markov decision process and solved via a locally-observed multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm to obtain real-time intraday reactive power and voltage control strategies. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments on the IEEE 33-bus system and an actual power grid. Experimental results show that this method can effectively coordinate various reactive power compensation devices and flexible resources, and improve the efficiency and real-time performance of reactive power and voltage control.

Study of oxygen control model based on electrochemical oxygen pumping in liquid lead-bismuth alloys

Subarachnoid trabeculae suppress cerebrospinal fluid pressurization during translational impact loading using instrumented biomimetic head surrogates.

Abstract Reliable, standardized, accurate, and continuous hydrological data are essential to ensure effective planning and management of water resources. However, the current quality control method stipulated in the Circular Letter of the Directorate General of Water Resources No. 10/SE/D/2021 shows weaknesses in the weighting of criteria in Stage 1 (QC1), which does not adequately reflect field conditions. The existing weights are Instrument Performance (0.558), Environmental Condition (0.054), and Observer (0.388). Application of QC1 at the Situ Cisanti rainfall station produced a score of 2.518 (Good). Field surveys indicated good instrument performance and reliable observers, but the station was surrounded by tall trees that obscured rainfall, a factor not well represented due to the minimal weight of environmental conditions. To address this, revised weights are proposed: Instrument Performance (0.493), Environmental Condition (0.196), and Observer (0.311), with a sub-criterion adjustment for Rain Gauge Selection (0.530). These adjustments account for consistency and expected evaluation outcomes. The revised weighting provides a more representative assessment and can serve as input for revising Circular Letter No. 10/SE/D/2021. Implementing this improved quality control model is expected to enhance the reliability of hydrological data and support more effective, standardized data management policies.

An 〈entity, organization〉 integrated access control model

Long-run logistics-based control of non-immunizing infectious diseases.

Gut microbiota-mediated nitrogen recycling in the white Grub Holotrichia longipennis: A model for microbiome-targeted pest control.

Even in the presence of significant motor limitations, how does physical action continue to be intensely elaborated by the brain? Cerebral palsy (CP) requires motor control to be understood not only as peripheral execution but as an internal construction of action. Between the intention to move and the possible action lies a representational domain in which movement is anticipated, organized, and mentally rehearsed, and it is at this conceptual level that motor imagery becomes central.1 Disregarding this dimension implies restricting rehabilitation to the observable body while neglecting neural processes responsible for intention and motor planning. Thus, shifting the focus to motor imagery means investigating not only whether the child moves, but how actions are planned and simulated before execution. This perspective poses a methodological challenge: how to empirically operationalize internal motor simulation processes. The Hand Laterality Test is widely used as an indirect measure of motor imagery because it requires mental rotation of one's own limb for spatial judgment. However, results based only on mean reaction time or accuracy have been inconsistent. In this context, the study by Breuer Asher et al.2 is particularly relevant for proposing performance variability as a primary indicator of imagery stability. This proposal aligns with contemporary models of motor control and cognition in CP, in which variability is interpreted as a marker of system instability. Accordingly, performance fluctuations should not be regarded as statistical noise but as manifestations of alterations in internal mechanisms of action simulation, supporting the hypothesis of Steenbergen et al.3 that imagery and planning deficits are qualitative and compromise representational consistency. The study by Breuer Asher et al.2 advances the field by showing that motor imagery in children with CP is characterized less by reduced accuracy and more by increased intraindividual variability, particularly in reaction time. By adopting variability as a core variable, the authors provide an integrative explanation for previously discrepant findings, suggesting that the main difficulty lies in performance instability rather than slowness.3, 4 This interpretation is consistent with a recent systematic review demonstrating substantial methodological and outcome heterogeneity, indicating that imagery deficits vary according to task demands, clinical subtype, and functional level.5 Moreover, the proposed composite score integrating accuracy and variability advances the clinical operationalization of motor imagery by offering a quantitative criterion capable of discriminating children with CP from typically developing peers and monitoring this ability over time. Despite these advances, controversies remain regarding the nature of the motor imagery deficit in CP. It is unclear whether increased variability reflects alterations in specific motor simulation mechanisms or broader limitations related to attention, executive functions, or working memory. Steenbergen et al.3 suggested that imagery impairments may be linked to general difficulties in action planning and representation rather than exclusively to simulation capacity. The high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the sample studied by Breuer Asher et al.2 reinforces this complexity, as reaction time instability may reflect attentional fluctuations rather than failures of body representation alone. Thus, it remains unresolved whether variability constitutes a specific marker of imagery or a general index of cognitive instability. Clinically, these findings indicate that motor imagery should not be applied uniformly to children with CP, given distinct imagery performance profiles. Prior assessment is therefore necessary to guide eligibility and intervention design, as children with greater variability tend to respond less consistently to imagery-based protocols and may benefit from combined strategies incorporating attentional support and perceptual feedback, consistent with evidence of partial imagery preservation in unilateral CP.4 For future research, it will be important to determine whether performance variability is sensitive to training and whether it represents a stable trait or a modifiable state. The Article Processing Charge for the publication of this research was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (ROR identifier: 00x0ma614). Not required.