In order to study the relationship between the high temperature performance of cold-patched asphalt mixtures and gradation fractal, 13 groups of SMA-13 asphalt mixtures were designed, and high temperature rutting test was carried out to study the high temperature performance of cold-patched asphalt mixtures, and the fractal theory was applied to get the overall fractal dimension D, coarse aggregate fractal dimension Dc, fine aggregate fractal dimension Df, and the predictive model of high temperature performance for cold-patched asphalt mixtures was set up according to the correlation analysis of the high temperature performance and fractal dimension. The high-temperature performance prediction model of cold-patched asphalt mixtures was established based on the correlation analysis between high-temperature performance and fractal dimension. This can reduce the test workload, improve work efficiency, and provide reference for engineering design.