Modeling Equations Research Articles

Discovering online Chinese consumers’ impulse buying in live streaming by the theory of planned behavior

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: black; font-size: 12pt;">The study explores online consumers’ impulse buying intentions and behaviors on live streaming platforms. Unlike traditional shopping modes, the development of real-time video streaming provides online consumers with a distinct approach to interacting with live streamers and browsing online products in real-time, potentially causing their impulse buying intentions. To understand online consumers’ impulse buying intentions and behaviors, the paper establishes the research model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model and analyses influencing factors from attitude, subject norm and perceived control aspects. Through the data analysis based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the research results show that, three factors positively affect online consumers’ impulse buying intentions and lead to their final behaviors. Meanwhile, control variables, including gender, age, and income level, demonstrate insignificant effects across the model. Unlike existing literature, the current study displays the distinct features of live streaming platforms and discovers online consumers’ impulse buying intention based on the TPB model. The results are helpful for related scholars and departments to pay more attention to the live shopping environment and understand online consumers’ impulse buying issues.</span></p>

Analisis Pemodelan Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Ke Kampus oleh Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

The Study on the Selection of Mode of Transportation to Campus by Students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh to identify the characteristics of the choice of transportation mode and determine the factors that influence students in choosing the mode of transportation to campus. This study was conducted using the Binomial Logit modeling on the characteristics of the choice of transportation mode by students that affect the choice of transportation mode by students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh using the SPSS statistic V.24.0 application. Based on the most influential factor in the choice of mode to campus by students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh is the ownership of private vehicles, where each student prefers a private vehicle (motorcycle) obtained the equation Y = 0.311 + 0.239(X4) + 0.435(X8). This equation has a strong correlation with R which is 0.630 and the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.397. This model can be interpreted that for every increase in the number of vehicle owners, there will be an increase in users of private transportation modes by 0.239 and every increase in ownership of private vehicles, there will be an increase in users of private transportation modes by 0.435. From the results of the modeling equation, the probability of students choosing private transportation modes reaches 72.8% Private vehicles. While the probability of students choosing public transportation mode reaches 42.3% occurs when students do not have a driver's license and private vehicle.

Effects of Micro-Topography and Vegetation on Soil Moisture on Fixed Sand Dunes in Tengger Desert, China.

Soil moisture is a key factor in arid ecosystems, with local variations influenced by topography and vegetation. Understanding this relationship is crucial for combating desertification. Employing ANOVA, Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA) analysis from random forest modeling and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study investigates the distribution of soil moisture and its associations with topographic and vegetative factors across four micro-geomorphic units in the Tengger Desert, China. Significant heterogeneity in soil moisture across various layers and locations, including windward and leeward slopes and the tops and bottoms of dunes, was observed. Soil moisture generally increases from the surface down to 300 cm, with diminishing fluctuations at greater depths. Soil moisture peaks in the surface and middle layers on windward slopes and in deep layers at the bottom of dunes, exhibiting an initial rise and then a decline on windward slopes. Topographic (including slope direction and elevation difference) and vegetation (including shrub and herb coverage) factors significantly influence soil moisture across three depth layers. Topographic factors negatively affect soil moisture directly, whereas vegetation positively influences it indirectly, with shrub and herb abundance enhancing moisture levels. These insights inform ecological management and the formulation of soil moisture-conservation strategies in arid deserts. The study underscores customizing sand-binding vegetation to various micro-geomorphic dune units.

On the Applicability Boundaries of the Pocklington and Gallen Equations in Modelling of Electric Vibrators

On the Applicability Boundaries of the Pocklington and Gallen Equations in Modelling of Electric Vibrators

Development of stability charts for double salience reluctance machine modeled using hill’s equation

The paper presents a novel algorithm for the development of stability charts. The second-order differential homogeneous equation describing a double salient reluctance machine with a capacitance connected to its stator winding is transformed into hill’s equation. The circuit components are the stator coil time-varying inductance of a double salient reluctance machine, capacitance and resistance. All these are modeled by hill’s equation. The double salient reluctance machine acts as an energy conversion system. The maximum and minimum inductance of the energy conversion system is measured in laboratory by inductance, capacitance, and resistance (LCR) meter. These values help to determine the inductance modulation index. The inductance modulation indetx, the characteristic constant and the characteristic parameter obtained from modeling equations are used in the MATLAB/Simulink model. The MATLAB/Simulink simulations generate stable and unstable oscillations to form stability charts. The proposed stability charts are in good agreement with the Ince-Stritt stability chart, which is widely applied in physics, mechanics and in electrical engineering, especially where the state of stability of a system or an electric oscillatory circuit is to be determined.

A Spatial Error Model in Structural Equation for the Human Development Index Modeling

A Spatial Error Model in Structural Equation for the Human Development Index Modeling

Precision Irrigation Soil Moisture Mapper: A Thermal Inertia Approach to Estimating Volumetric Soil Water Content Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Multispectral Imagery

To address the issue of estimating soil moisture at a hyper-resolution scale, a methodology referred to as Precision Irrigation Soil Moisture Mapper (PrISMM), that includes three key components, is developed: high-resolution remotely sensed optical and thermal data, surface energy balance modeling, and site-specific soil analysis. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/System (UAV or UAS) collects high-resolution multispectral imagery in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan study area. Orthomosaics are converted to thermal inertia estimates in a spatially distributed format using the remotely sensed data combined with a set of surface energy balance modeling equations. Using thermal and physical properties of soil gained from site-specific soil analysis, thermal inertia estimates were further converted from thermal inertia to daily volumetric soil water content (VSWC) with a horizonal resolution of 8.6 cm. A ground truthing dataset of measured VSWC values taken from a Time Domain Reflectometer was compared with model results, producing a reasonable correlation with an average coefficient of determination of (R2) = 0.79, an average root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.0408, and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.0308. This study highlights a practical approach of estimating VSWC for irrigation purposes while providing superior spatio-temporal coverage over in situ methods. The authors envision that PrISMM can be implemented in water usage management by relating VSWC with weather forecasts and evapotranspiration rates to develop time-based spatially distributed irrigation management plans.

Solar adsorption cooling system operating by activated–carbon–ethanol bed

One efficient way to convert small thermally energized into effective cooling is through adsorption cooling technology, which increases energy efficiency and reduces environmental pollution. This study's primary goal is to hypothetically examine the thermal coefficient of performing the solar adsorptive refrigerator machine operated with an activating carbon/Ethanol operating dual. The impact of different operating situations and design factors on the machine's performance is inspected and evaluated. The present double-bed solar energy adsorptive-cooler unit is modeled by thermodynamic methodology. Then, it was analyzed to evaluate its effectiveness work under Baghdad climate conditions. For the current study, the two-bed solar adsorption cooling unit with 0.5 kW capacity input heat 11893 that operates at 5 °C for the evaporator and 45 °C for the condenser is presented. The Engineering-Equation-Solver (EES) simulation program was created and used to solve the modeling equations that predict the optimal cycle performance and evaluate the optimum reasonable values of the operation parameters of the proposed system. The pressure range for the refrigeration cycle is 2.408 kPa for the evaporation state and 23.14 kPa for the condensation state. The findings demonstrate that an optimum coefficient of performance (COP) is 0.702 at 95 °C, a 20% performance increase, which generates 39.4 of cooling water. It produced 1 kg of chilled water for 2.463 kg of activated carbon at a temperature of 5°C. The improved solar-powered adsorption systems and refrigeration technologies are appealing substitutes that can satisfy energy demands in addition to meeting needs for cooling, ice production, air conditioning, and refrigeration preservation and safeguarding of the environment with Iraq's climate conditions.

Ionic Liquids for the Separation of Fluorocarbon Refrigerant Mixtures.

This review discusses the research being performed on ionic liquids for the separation of fluorocarbon refrigerant mixtures. Fluorocarbon refrigerants, invented in 1928 by Thomas Midgley Jr., are a unique class of working fluids that are used in a variety of applications including refrigeration. Fluorocarbon refrigerants can be categorized into four generations: chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and hydrofluoroolefins. Each generation of refrigerants solved a key problem from the previous generation; however, each new generation has relied on more complex mixtures that are often zeotropic, near azeotropic, or azeotropic. The complexity of the refrigerants used and the fact that many refrigerants form azeotropes when mixed makes handling the refrigerants at end of life extremely difficult. Today, less than 3% of refrigerants that enter the market are recycled. This is due to a lack of technology in the refrigerant reclaim market that would allow for these complex, azeotropic refrigerant mixtures to be separated into their components in order to be effectively reused, recycled, and if needed repurposed. As the market for recovering and reclaiming refrigerants continues to grow, there is a strong need for separation technology. Ionic liquids show promise for separating azeotropic refrigerant mixtures as an entrainer in extractive distillation process. Ionic liquids have been investigated with refrigerants for this application since the early 2000s. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of the physical property measurements, equations of state modeling, molecular simulations, separation techniques, and unique materials unitizing ionic liquids for the development of an ionic-liquid-based separation process for azeotropic refrigerant mixtures.

The Role Of Self-Control in Mediating The Influence of Descriptive Norms and Academic Stress on Intentioncyberloafing

This research aims to:analyze the influence of descriptive norms on cyberloafing, academic stress on cyberloafing, self-control on cyberloafing, descriptive norms on self-control, academic stress on self-control, descriptive norms on cyberloafing through self-control as a mediating variable, and analyze the influence of academic stress on cyberloafing through self-control as a mediating variable for training participants at BLK Karanganyar. This research uses quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires (e-questionnaires) and statistical or computational methods using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) software with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation models. This research was conducted on 117 samples who were training participants at BLK Karanganyar in 2023 Young Graphic Designer Training Program and Position GMAW Welding Plate Welder Training Program (3G/PF). The research results show that only descriptive norms were found to have a positive effect on cyberloafing, while academic stress and self-control were found to have no effect. However, in terms of self-control, academic stress was found to have a negative effect on participants' self-control. Meanwhile, the mediating variable results of self-control succeeded in mediating the relationship between academic stress and cyberloafing.

Enhancing the Permeate Flux Improvement of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Modules with Inserted S-Ribs Carbon-Fiber Filaments.

Three widths of manufacturing S-ribs carbon-fiber filaments acting as turbulence promoters were implemented into the flow channel of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules to augment the permeate flux improvement in the present study. Attempts to reduce the disadvantageous temperature polarization effect were made by inserting S-ribs turbulence promoters in improving pure water productivity, in which both heat- and mass-transfer boundary layers were diminished due to creating vortices in the flow pattern and increasing turbulence intensity. The temperature polarization coefficient ttemp was studied and found to enhance device performance (less thermal resistance) under inserting various S-ribs carbon-fiber thicknesses and operating both cocurrent- and countercurrent-flow patterns. The permeate fluxes in the DCMD modules with inserted S-ribs carbon-fiber turbulence promoters were investigated theoretically by developing the mathematical modeling equations and were conducted experimentally with various design and operating parameters. The theoretical predictions and experimental results exhibited a great potential to considerably achieve permeate flux enhancement in the new design of the DCMD system. The DCMD module with inserted S-ribs carbon-fiber turbulence promoters in the flow channel could provide a relative permeate flux enhancement up to 37.77% under countercurrent-flow operations in comparisons with the module of using the empty channel. An economic consideration on both permeate flux enhancement and power consumption increment for the module with inserted S-ribs carbon-fiber filaments was also delineated.

Comparison of Audience Behavior between eSports and Authentic Sports Fans.

This study analyzed how the behavioral patterns of esports and authentic sports viewers differ, adopting user and gratification theory and media transportation theory. In particular, it was investigated whether there was a difference in behavioral patterns according to the experience of playing the sport even among authentic sports viewers. As a result of analyzing the relationship between viewers' motivation and media transportation outcomes through structural equation modeling and multigroup structural equation modeling, it was observed that cognitive motivation was more important for esports viewers than for authentic sports viewers. A second analysis of comparisons among fans of authentic sports showed that viewers with sports experience had greater cognitive needs. This result shows that there is a difference between the viewer behaviors of esports and traditional sports, but it is concluded that the presence or absence of sports participation experience rather than content is the factor that separates the difference.

Childhood Book Availability Helps to Preserve Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Low Education: Results From the NEIGE Study.

It is well known that low educational attainment is associated with cognitive function decline in older age. Childhood book availability may help to preserve cognitive function in older adults with low education. The study objective was to examine the association between childhood book availability and cognitive function among older adults with low educational attainment, and to investigate the mediating effect of the volume of reading-related brain regions (e.g., superior temporal cortex). A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older Japanese adults aged 65-84 years was conducted (n = 474). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood book availability was assessed using a retrospective questionnaire. Brain region volume was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate regression modeling and structural equation modeling were used for analysis. Both high educational attainment and childhood book availability were independently associated with high MMSE score. Stratification of educational level showed that childhood book availability was positively associated with MMSE score among participants with low educational attainment (coefficient = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 2.66), but not among those with moderate or high educational attainment (coefficient = -0.01, 95% CI: -1.44 to 1.42 and -1.21, 95% CI: -3.85 to 1.42, respectively). Among participants with low educational attainment, left superior temporal cortex volume mediated the association between childhood book availability and MMSE score. The availability of books in childhood helps to preserve cognitive function in older adults with low education via left superior temporal cortex volume. Further research is needed to replicate these findings.

АНАЛІЗ НАСЛІДКІВ ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ НА БАЗІ ЧИСЕЛЬНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ

The report considers some classes of numerical models that were built to predict the consequences of emergencies at industrial enterprises. The first class of models has been developed to predict chemical air pollution in case of accidental emissions of toxic substances. Modeling is carried out on the basis of the fundamental equations of aerodynamics and mass transfer. Difference splitting schemes are used for the numerical solution of the modeling equations. The second class of CFD models is designed to assess the risk of thermal damage to people in the event of thermal pollution of the air environment. The third class of models was developed to assess the risk of injury to people when a shock wave moves. To solve this problem Euler equations were used. Computer codes were developed on the base of proposed numerical models.

Non-Invasive Alcohol Concentration Measurement Using a Spectroscopic Module: Outlook for the Development of a Drunk Driving Prevention System.

Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant and falls under the category of psychoactive drugs. It has the potential to impair vital bodily functions, including cognitive alertness, muscle coordination, and induce fatigue. Taking the wheel after consuming alcohol can lead to delayed responses in emergency situations and increases the likelihood of collisions with obstacles or suddenly appearing objects. Statistically, drivers under the influence of alcohol are seven times more likely to cause accidents compared to sober individuals. Various techniques and methods for alcohol measurement have been developed. The widely used breathalyzer, which requires direct contact with the mouth, raises concerns about hygiene. Methods like chromatography require skilled examiners, while semiconductor sensors exhibit instability in sensitivity over measurement time and has a short lifespan, posing structural challenges. Non-dispersive infrared analyzers face structural limitations, and in-vehicle air detection methods are susceptible to external influences, necessitating periodic calibration. Despite existing research and technologies, there remain several limitations, including sensitivity to external factors such as temperature, humidity, hygiene consideration, and the requirement for periodic calibration. Hence, there is a demand for a novel technology that can address these shortcomings. This study delved into the near-infrared wavelength range to investigate optimal wavelengths for non-invasively measuring blood alcohol concentration. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of the optical characteristics of biological substances, integrated these data into a mathematical model, and demonstrated that alcohol concentration can be accurately sensed using the first-order modeling equation at the optimal wavelength. The goal is to minimize user infection and hygiene issues through a non-destructive and non-invasive method, while applying a compact spectrometer sensor suitable for button-type ignition devices in vehicles. Anticipated applications of this study encompass diverse industrial sectors, including the development of non-invasive ignition button-based alcohol prevention systems, surgeon's alcohol consumption status in the operating room, screening heavy equipment operators for alcohol use, and detecting alcohol use in close proximity to hazardous machinery within factories.

Accelerating Digital Banking Transformation Through User Acceptance: a study on the Millennial Cultural

This study aims to examine a conceptual model that explains the main factors that influence the behavioural intention of the millennial generation in their acceptance of the use of digital banking. The conceptual model is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), with experience as a moderating variable. The modelling was carried out using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) equation to analyze the data collected from the questionnaires filled out by the respondents. The research results show that behavioural intentions are significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and habit. Social influence and price value are not factors that contribute to the cultural behaviour intention of the millennial generation towards accepting the use of digital banking. In line with hypothesis testing, moderation testing with experience as a moderating variable that has no influence is social influence and price value. This study offers the banking sector to design and market products through technological innovation that can become a competitive advantage, thereby increasing the digital banking acceptance of the millennial generation in Central Java.

Pengaruh Peran Core Self-Evaluation Dan Empowering Leadership Terhadap Employee Creativity Melalui Knowladge Sharing

This research examines the employees of UKM Batik Lasem Sekar Mulyo, Rembang. This research aims to determine the influence of the role of core self-evaluation and empowering leadership on employee creativity through knowledge sharing. The research method in this research is a quantitative research method. The population in this study were all employees with a total of 95 employees who worked at UKM Batik Lasem Sekar Mulyo, Rembang, while the sample in this study was 95 respondents. Determining the sample size used a non-probability sampling technique because the population was relatively small, so the technique taken was saturated sampling (census). Data analysis in this research used the SmartPLS version 3 program. The data analysis technique used was the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the quality perception variable influences Core Self-Evaluation and influences Employee Creativity, Empowering Leadership influences Employee Creativity, Core Self-Evaluation influences Knowledge Sharing, Empowering Leadership influences Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge sharing influences Employee Creativity, Core Self-Evaluation has an effect on Employee Creativity, partially mediated by Knowledge sharing, and Empowering Leadership has an effect on Employee Creativity in Employees of UKM Batik Lasem Sekar Mulyo, Rembang, which is partially mediated by Knowledge sharing.

A Volume-Averaged Hyperbolic System of Governing Equations for Granular Turbulent Flow Modeling With Phase Change

Abstract A formulation is developed using volume-averaging and the concept of added mass to derive a hyperbolic system of governing equations for modeling turbulent, dense granular flows. The large eddy simulations (LES) framework is employed for the fluid phase, whereas the solid phase equations are based on enlarged Kinetic Theory concepts. To obtain the LES equations, the volume-averaged equations are filtered and the filtered terms not directly computable from the LES solution are generically modeled. Additionally, the pseudo-turbulent kinetic energy (PTKE) is included in the formulation and it is shown how its contribution is distinct from turbulence and leads to different terms that must be modeled in the conservation equations. Volume-averaging of the continuity, momentum and energy equations result in many integrals that are used to rigorously define the meaning of terms that have only been included heuristically in existing formulations. Simulations with this model are conducted in a configuration representing the interaction of a turbulent supersonic jet with a bed of solid particles. The results are analyzed to demonstrate hyperbolicity. Comparisons of results from a model including PTKE and one excluding it show that the inclusion of PTKE has no role in bestowing hyperbolicity to the model, and furthermore does not affect the macroscopic aspects of the crater. Comparisons between results obtained with a hyperbolic model and a model that is hyperbolic everywhere except in regions of particle/fluid interaction show that the macroscopic crater aspects are different, affecting the crater shape and topography.

Mathematical modeling of carboxymethyl cellulose water-based hybrid nanofluid flow between rotating disk and stationary cone

The fascinating thermal behavior of nanofluids and their many applications in heat transfer systems have gained the curiosity of many researchers from different fields. A cellulose derivative called carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is frequently utilized due to its high viscosity. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion impact is utilized to study the three-dimensional flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid-containing CMC as base fluid over a gap between the cone and disk. The titanium dioxide and titanium alloy are the two nanoparticles employed in this study. Additionally, the modeling takes thermal radiation into account. It is presumed that the cone–disk equipment consists of a rotating disk and a stationary cone. Using similarity transformations, the modeling equations are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Runge–Kutta Fehlberg fourth- fifth-order (RKF-45) technique is used to solve the reduced ODEs. The graphs are used to explore the behavior of flow profiles. The results demonstrate that at higher levels of the radiation parameter exhibits better-quality heat transmission. The velocity profile is inclined by the upsurge in the value of the Reynolds number based on the velocity of the disk. The rise in the thermophoresis parameter upsurges the thermal and concentration profile. The thermal profile rises and concentration profile declines for the growth of the Brownian motion parameter values.

HiDeS: a higher-order-derivative-supervised neural ordinary differential equation for multi-robot systems and opinion dynamics.

This paper addresses the limitations of current neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) in modeling and predicting complex dynamics by introducing a novel framework called higher-order-derivative-supervised (HiDeS) NODE. This method extends traditional NODE frameworks by incorporating higher-order derivatives and their interactions into the modeling process, thereby enabling the capture of intricate system behaviors. In addition, the HiDeS NODE employs both the state vector and its higher-order derivatives as supervised signals, which is different from conventional NODEs that utilize only the state vector as a supervised signal. This approach is designed to enhance the predicting capability of NODEs. Through extensive experiments in the complex fields of multi-robot systems and opinion dynamics, the HiDeS NODE demonstrates improved modeling and predicting capabilities over existing models. This research not only proposes an expressive and predictive framework for dynamic systems but also marks the first application of NODEs to the fields of multi-robot systems and opinion dynamics, suggesting broad potential for future interdisciplinary work. The code is available at https://github.com/MengLi-Thea/HiDeS-A-Higher-Order-Derivative-Supervised-Neural-Ordinary-Differential-Equation.