Model Of Transition Research Articles

Memory of incomplete phase transitions from a random squares model.

We present a simple two-dimensional model for a phase transition, then study its predictions, in particular the memory properties. The direct transformation is modeled by randomly placing small squares, "nuclei", on an initially empty surface. Then, the nuclei expand ("grow") up to finite final sizes which are randomly chosen in a given range, while keeping their square shape. An important issue is the "interaction" which forces some squares to remain at smaller sizes if the surrounding squares get in the way of their growth. Interestingly, this naturally leads to quasiequal total area covered by the squares of each size after a complete direct transformation. Next, it is shown that the system "remembers" incomplete ("arrested") reverse transformations taking place in reversed order of the squares sizes. The memory is "encrypted" in the distribution of the squares sizes after a next direct transformation and manifests as a significant imbalance between the areas covered by the "big" and "small" (relative to the arrest size) squares. We are able to also reproduce the so-called "hammer effect" and the memorizing of multiple arrest points. Our model is particularly relevant for the thermal memory effect in shape memory alloys, and we actually borrowed many features from existing thermodynamic models addressing this effect. However, here we eliminate the explicit thermodynamics and end up with a statistical geometry model, presumably easier to reproduce.

Cognitive blending as the basis for utterance relevance generatio

This article examines the phenomenon of blending cognitive assets of communicants in the process of communicative relevance generation. Relevance is shown as the situative significance of propositions and presuppositions for each of the communication participants. The main purpose of the study is delimitation of assonant, dissonant and consonant relations as a space of collective significance on the basis of cognitive blend of actual, motivation and interpretation significances. As a result of the analysis of simulated dialogs, taking into account the integral model of the individual-collective transition, the key macro-positions and mechanisms of particular positions implication ways variation are determined. Authors defines the main principles of shared communicative relevance as a synergistic interaction of private propositions and presuppositions of all interaction participants. The basis for complex integral analysis of simulated dialogues made by discoursive and modus approach as well by some solutions of hermeneutical-noematic analysis procedure. The topic macroposition is claimed to be the key factor uniting particular relevances within the process of receiver and sender focusing. Subjective significances, entering into a relations of dissonance and assonance ultimately on the basis of communicant’s preoccupation of interaction, modify different areas, adapt diverge components to general cultural cognitive assets and contribute the preservation of the basic proposition of a main common frame. Situative modeling within the framework of constitutive analysis of private significance is applied as general scheme through the prism of the differing premises of the communicants, while the blending of cognitive assets is built according to the formula of subject-subject-object hypostatization. Within the framework of taking into account the initial input components cognitive blending is carried out on the basis of semiotic situative correlation using additive and adaptive speech and cognitive strategies.

Tumor-Derived Exosomal LINC01480 Upregulates VCAM1 Expression by Acting as a Competitive Endogenous RNA of miR-204-5p to Promote Gastric Cancer Progression.

Exosomes are a type of cell-derived vesicles that range in size from 30 to 100 nm. They are widely present in various organisms and participate in diverse biological processes, playing crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to investigate whether LINC01480 in tumor-derived exosomes is involved in the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer by competitively upregulating the VCAM1 expression through binding miR-204-5p. The study analyzed transcriptome data related to gastric cancer from the cancer genome atlas database and constructed a risk-scoring model for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related lncRNAs to identify eight EMT-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis. EMT-related mRNAs positively correlated with LINC01480 were screened in the ExoRBase database. In vitro cell experiments showed that exosomal LINC01480 can promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of gastric cancer cells by upregulating VCAM1 expression through competitive binding with miR-204-5p. In vivo experiments on nude mice showed that exosomal LINC01480 promotes the development of gastric cancer. These results suggest that exosomal LINC01480 could be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

A coupled phase-field and crystal plasticity model for understanding shock-induced phase transition of iron

In the current work, we propose a chemical-potential-based phase-field model coupled with dynamic crystal plasticity based on a unified energy framework with the aim of understanding the shock-induced α–ϵ–α phase transition (PT) of iron. The plasticity is coupled with the PT through controlling the shear strain energy and the entropy rise during the dynamic deformation. In contrast with previous models, the PT pressure in this model is not a constant but obeys the Gaussian distribution with the applied stress, which is in accordance with the hysteresis effect observed in quasi-static experiments. Moreover, the contribution of multivariants to PT can be distinguished based on reaction-pathway theory. The proposed model quantitatively reproduces the split of the three-wave structure and the “loop” features of the plasticity wave and the phase transition wave, which agree well with the shock loading experiments of polycrystalline and monocrystalline iron, and cannot be well captured by previous models. Furthermore, many new insights in shock wave physics are gained. PT kinetics is found to be influenced by plasticity via the hysteresis effect and the newly generated stress wave induced by the dynamic deformation. First, the rarefaction wave induced by plastic deformation, as well as that by the growth of the child phase, behind the shock front reduces the PT plateau in the wave profile. Second, the plasticity controls the PT driving force and influences the PT hysteresis effect behind the shock front. As yield stress increases, less strain energy is plastically dissipated, and more strain energy drives the PT behind the shock front more efficiently, which results in a sharper slope of the P2 wave.

Damage-failure transition in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V under dwell fatigue loads

The role of structural mechanisms responsible for the consequent staging of damage-failure transition as the combination and continuity of ductile and creep kinetics of the structure evolution and the modeling in dwell fatigue regime. Damage-failure transition is considered as critical phenomena, the structural-scaling transition, when the damage develops as specific phase with characteristic stages: nucleation of new phase and the phase growth kinetics. In the case of dwell fatigue, the nucleation stage is associated with slip localization, faceting, voids and microcrack initiation; the phase growth kinetics has the relation to specific non-linearity of the free energy release responsible for the staging of damage-failure transition. Statistically based phenomenological model of damage-failure transition specified the links of macroscopic material parameters with structural parameters responsible for the influence of microstructure on the structure sensitive mechanical properties. The developed conception of modeling of Ti alloys based on the duality of damage kinetics in dwell fatigue loads allowed us to propose the strategy of structural study to provide in perspective the links of structural parameters of /phases with phenomenological parameters responsible for different mechanisms of damage accumulation at LCF and stress hold regimes.

Micromechanical modeling of the effects of crystal content on the visco-hyperelastic-viscoplastic behavior and fracture of semi-crystalline polymers

In this work, we present a novel physically based visco-hyperelastic-viscoplastic micromechanical constitutive model, which establishes a link between the evolution of the macromolecular network properties to the mechanical and fracture behavior of variable-crystallinity semi-crystalline polymers. Unlike previous micromechanical constitutive models that were only time independent, we propose a time-dependent scheme. It employs the computational effective eight-chain model for micro-macro transition while assuming a composite structure for the polymer. Thus, an innovative approach that couples the deformation and damage of individual polymer chains is developed. The proposed constitutive framework assumes that the stress developed through the deformation of semi-crystalline polymers is the sum of a macromolecular network and an intermolecular part. The macromolecular part accounts for the conformational change associated with Kuhn segments reorientation and the bond potential associated with the deformation of the bonds between Kuhn segments. Meanwhile, the intermolecular part accounts for the deformation of the crystalline and the amorphous phases. The constitutive equations are integrated using a mixed explicit/implicit integration algorithm. To validate and calibrate our model, we utilize uniaxial tensile experimental data obtained from three different polyethylene materials with varying crystallinity levels and different strain rates. We propose a robust calibration procedure, ensuring the identification of a single set of parameters that remain independent of crystal content and strain rate. Finally, we assess the model's predictive capabilities in predicting the mechanical behavior and fracture at different strain rates for variable-crystallinity polyethylene is evaluated. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding and predictive capacity in modeling the intricate mechanical response up to fracture of semi-crystalline polymers under diverse conditions.

Factor proportions model for Russian mineral supply-driven global energy transition: Does externality matter?

The Factor Proportions Model posits that international trade is contingent upon the relative abundance of factors of production, namely natural resources, capital, and labor. Countries endowed with mineral resources are inclined to export them to countries with higher demand but lower supply. However, geopolitical events disrupt the smooth transition of mineral-consuming economies towards sustainable renewable energy production. This study aims to investigate the interplay between Russian mineral exports and renewable energy generation, taking into account geopolitical risks, within both the global and Chinese contexts. The study covers monthly data from January 2011 to December 2021. Utilizing the cross-quantilogram approach, this study reveals a positive spillover effect of Russian mineral exports on global and Chinese renewable electricity production, across various time frames, including monthly, quarterly, bi-annual, and annual memories. Additionally, labor force's contribution plays a pivotal role in facilitating renewable energy production for both the global and Chinese contexts. Notably, externality factor, particularly geopolitical risks, exert a detrimental spillover effect on renewable energy generation for both the globe and China, although China's geopolitical risk events appear to be beneficial for its own renewable energy production in bullish and bearish states, across all memories. Russian geopolitical risks evince heterogeneous spillover effects on global renewable energy generation. To bolster the robustness of the findings obtained from the CQ approach, this study employs the partial cross-quantilogram (PCQ) approach. This research recommends the imperative of ensuring a secure supply of critical minerals and expediting the global energy revolution, while effectively mitigating geopolitical hazards, with the overarching goal of achieving a trajectory towards net-zero emissions.

Holographic model for the first order phase transition in the composite Higgs boson scenario

Holographic model for the first order phase transition in the composite Higgs boson scenario

Natural Killer Lymphocytes Mediate Renal Fibrosis Due to Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome.

The acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition presents an opportunity for intervention to prevent CKD. Our lab developed a novel murine model of AKI-CKD transition, cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR), in which all animals develop CKD at 7 weeks. The purpose of this study was to identify potential immune drivers of fibrosis after CA/CPR. Cardiac arrest was induced by potassium chloride and mice were resuscitated with chest compressions and epinephrine. The kidney immune landscape after CA/CPR was profiled using 11-color flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence. Immune cell-derived mediators of fibrosis were identified by analyzing data from three previously published single cell or single nuclear RNA sequencing (sc/snRNASeq) studies. NRK49F fibroblasts were treated with granzyme A (GzA) in vitro, then cell proliferation was quantified using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. GzA was pharmacologically inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Immune cells infiltrated the kidney after CA/CPR, consisting primarily of innate immune cells, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cell infiltration immediately preceded mesenchymal cell expansion, which occurred starting 7 days after CA/CPR. Immune cells colocalized with mesenchymal cells, accumulating in areas of fibrosis. Analysis of previously published sc/snRNASeq data revealed GzA as a potential mediator of immune to mesenchymal communication. GzA administration to fibroblasts in vitro induced cell growth and proliferation. Pharmacologic blockade of GzA signaling in vivo attenuated fibrosis and improved renal function after CA/CPR. Renal inflammation occurs during cardiorenal syndrome, which correlates with mesenchymal cell expansion. GzA, produced by NK cells, presents a novel therapeutic target to prevent the transition to CKD after AKI.

Getting to Know GMMET: The Global Macroeconomic Model for the Energy Transition

Getting to Know GMMET: The Global Macroeconomic Model for the Energy Transition

A Comparative Study of the Change of the Economic Model of Poland after 1989 and Chinas Reform and Opening up

The former socialist countries of the Cold War have undergone a transition from planned economies to market economies in the context of economic globalization. This is a significant phenomenon that deserves scholarly attention. The paper focuses on Poland and China as two examples of different reform models, paths, and ideologies. A comparative analysis based on factual data is conducted to explore their transition process and outcomes. The results show that the path of transition each country has chosen has both similarities and differences. Both countries have faced various difficulties and opportunities in their reforms, and have adopted different policy measures to improve their domestic development. The conclusion suggests that there is no single optimal model for economic transition, but rather a diversity of choices and trade-offs that depend on the historical, cultural, and political factors of each country. In conclusion, Poland and China are two examples of countries that have undergone significant economic transitions in the past four decades. They have similarities and differences in their economic structure before the transition, their process of the transition, their growth in the past four decades, and their political and systematic factors in the transition. Their experiences provide valuable lessons for other countries that seek to achieve economic development.

A Novel Receivership Model for Transition of Young Adults With Diabetes: Experience From a Single-center Academic Transition Program

ObjectiveThe transition from pediatric to adult care for young adults with diabetes represents an important but often challenging time characterized by a shift from a family-centered care model of pediatrics to a patient-centered care model of adult medicine. We developed a structured transition program based on an adult receivership model at a large academic medical center to improve care coordination and patient satisfaction with the transition process. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2020, we implemented a series of quality improvement efforts for young adults aged 18 to 23 years with diabetes by incorporating best practices from the American Diabetes Association guidelines on care for emerging adults. We measured transition orientation attendance, patient satisfaction, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) pre- and post-transfer, and care gaps to determine the impact of the program. ResultsIn this study, 307 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 16 individuals with type 2 diabetes were taken care of by the adult endocrinology department at the University of Michigan between January 1, 2016 and October 31, 2020. We observed high attendance rates (86% among internal transfers) and favorable patient satisfaction scores for the transition orientation session. Despite the glycemic challenges posed during the transition, HbA1c modestly yet significantly improved 1-year after transfer (−0.4%, P < .01). ConclusionWe successfully established and maintained a young adult diabetes transition program using a quality improvement approach. Future work will focus on reducing care gaps at the time of transfer, assessing long-term retention rates, and enhancing care coordination for patients referred from outside the health network.

A Simple Conceptual Model of Energy Transition

A conceptual model of the electricity market is formulated. Demand can be either high or low, with given probabilities. Inflexible production units with high fixed cost supply the base load of low demand, while flexible units with lower fixed cost and rising marginal cost supply the rest. In a reference case, all production units cover exactly their fixed cost from inframarginal rents. Then a transition to renewable energy is analyzed. There is a certain probability that the renewable energy will not be available, but when it is, it supplies the previous base load. A back-up capacity to supply peak demand is assumed to be made available. The effect of availability of renewable energy on electricity price and fixed cost recovery is analyzed.

A Review and Analysis of Green Energy and the Environmental Policies in South Asia

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for green energy and environment transition in South Asia, a region that faces the dilemma of meeting its growing energy demand while reducing its greenhouse gas emissions and environmental vulnerability. The region has rich renewable energy sources and potential for energy efficiency improvement, but it also relies heavily on fossil fuels and suffers from various barriers and constraints that hinder its green energy development. The region needs policies that can achieve economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability coherently and effectively. Utilizing the thematic literature review approach, this paper examines the literature on four main topics: (1) the estimation of green energy resources potential and scenarios in South Asia; (2) the comparison of green energy targets and policies in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries; (3) the evaluation of green energy deployment and performance in different sectors; and (4) the identification of green energy transition challenges and opportunities in South Asia. This paper fills some research gaps in the literature by providing a comprehensive, comparative, holistic, and integrated analysis of green energy and environment policies in South Asia, using various data sources, methods, frameworks, criteria, indicators, scenarios, impacts, trade-offs, drivers, barriers, best practices, lessons learned, and policy recommendations. This paper also develops a conceptual model for the green energy transition in South Asia, which consists of five key variables: green energy potential, green energy policies, green energy deployment, green energy performance, and green energy transition. The main findings and implications of this paper are that South Asia has a huge opportunity to pursue a green energy and environment transition that can address its multiple challenges and aspirations, but this requires overcoming various obstacles and constraints that hinder its progress. This paper suggests some policy options and strategies to enhance the green energy and environment policies in South Asia, such as developing a clear and consistent policy framework, enhancing regional cooperation and collaboration, leveraging information technology and data analytics, emphasizing sustainability and resilience, and engaging with other stakeholders and partners.

Reconstruction of a Scale-dependent Gravitational Phase Transition

In this work we extend our earlier phenomenological model for a gravitational phase transition and its generalization to early times by letting the modifications in the linearly perturbed Einstein equations be scale dependent. These modifications are characterized as deviations of the parameters μ(z, k) and γ(z, k) from their values in general relativity (GR). The scale-dependent amplitudes of modified μ(z, k) and γ(z, k) and the parameters defining the phase transition, along with the standard cosmological parameters, are measured by various data combinations. Out of the perturbation parameters, we construct gravity eigenmodes that represent patterns of perturbations best detectable by data. We detect no significant deviation from GR in these parameters. However, the larger parameter space produced due to the new degrees of freedom allows for the reconciliation of various data sets that are in tension in ΛCDM. In particular, we find H 0 = 71.9 ± 9.2 from anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background as measured by Planck (and various measurements of the baryonic acoustic oscillations, in agreement with local Hubble measurements). We also find that the σ 8 tension between the measurements of the Dark Energy Survey and Planck is reduced to less than 1σ.

Risk factors and predictive model for acute kidney Injury Transition to acute kidney disease in patients following partial nephrectomy

PurposeAcute kidney disease (AKD) is believed to be involved in the transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease in general populations, but little is understood about this possibility among kidney surgical populations. This study aimed to elucidate the incidence of AKD after partial nephrectomy and risk factors that promote the AKI to AKD transition.MethodsFrom January 2010 to January 2020, this study retrospectively collected a dataset of consecutive patients with renal masses undergoing partial nephrectomy in 4 urological centers. Cox proportional regression analyses were adopted to identify risk factors that promoted the AKI to AKD transition. To avoid overfitting, the results were then verified by logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A nomogram was then constructed and validated for AKI to AKD transition prediction.ResultsAKI and AKD occurred in 228 (21.4%) and 42 (3.9%) patients among a total of 1062 patients, respectively. In patients with AKI, multivariable Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression identified that age (HR 1.078, 1.029–1.112, p < 0.001), baseline eGFR (HR 1.015, 1.001–1.030, p < 0.001), RENAL score (HR1.612, 1.067–2.437, p = 0.023), ischemia time > 30 min (HR 7.284, 2.210–23.999, p = 0.001), and intraoperative blood loss > 300ml (HR 8.641, 2.751–27.171, p < 0.001) were risk factors for AKD transition. These five risk factors were then integrated into a nomogram. The nomogram showed excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical net benefit ability.ConclusionAround 3.9% patients following partial nephrectomy would transit from AKI to AKD. Intraoperative blood loss and ischemia time need to be diminished to avoid on-going functional decline. Our nomogram can accurately predict the transition from AKI to AKD.

Exploring a hierarchical model for circular economy transition through launching green marketing

AbstractThe hospitality industry has been highlighted as an important economic sector that is vulnerable to climate change. However, this industry is also considered to have a substantial contribution to the degradation of the environment by consuming excessive quantities of energy, producing approximately 8% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Previous studies have proposed the circular economy as an optimal concept to address this issue by eliminating waste and maximizing resource utilization. In light of that, many hotels are striving to shift the traditional linear economy into a circular economy by adopting green marketing into their business operations. However, they still face many obstacles in making an effective transition to a circular‐style economy due to the lack of an appropriate approach. To fill this gap, this study aims to develop a framework to give insights on which aspects can foster the circular economy transition process through green marketing implementation. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid method that integrates an exploratory factor analysis with a fuzzy synthetic method and a decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory to structure the hierarchical model and provide guidance to decision‐makers for future improvements under resource constraints. The results reveal that advantage acquisition and behavior transition are the most influential aspects in accelerating the transition to the circular economy in the hospitality industry. The crucial theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

Understanding Recessive Transition of Cultivated Land Use in Jilin Province, China (1990–2020): From Perspective of Productive-Living-Ecological Functions

Jilin Province is an important commercial grain production base in northeast China, and it has seen significant transition in cultivated land use in recent years. This study constructed a measurement system for the recessive transition of cultivated land use in Jilin Province based on the perspective of “three-function synergy” (productive, living, and ecological functions). It discussed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the recessive transition of cultivated land use from 1990 to 2020, identified the turning point of the cultivated land transition trend, and built a model of recessive transition of cultivated land in Jilin Province. After analyzing the results, we came to the following conclusions: (1) The turning point of the “three-function synergy” of the recessive morphology of cultivated land in Jilin Province occurred earlier than the mutation point of the recessive transition of cultivated land, and there was a certain temporality in the recessive transition of cultivated land compared with the functional change of cultivated land; (2) the degree of recessive transition of cultivated land in Jilin Province showed a spatial distribution characteristic of being higher in the west and lower in the east; (3) the recessive transition of cultivated land use in Jilin Province could be divided into transition stages characterized by “low stage slow rise period”, “middle stage significant increase period”, and “high stage steady growth period”; (4) Jilin Province should adopt differentiated and diversified management of cultivated land to achieve a comprehensive management model that emphasizes quantity, quality, and ecology.

Improved prediction of low-pressure turbine wake mixing by Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation, including an algebraic model for bypass transition

We present a hybrid RANS-LES technique of the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) form for transitional flow through low-pressure turbine blade cascades. A first ingredient is representation in RANS-mode of the flow that approaches the blades and the flow near the blade surfaces. The objective is to provide the correct level of modelled turbulent kinetic energy to an algebraic model for bypass transition which is coupled to a turbulence model, and thus simulation of bypass transition in attached boundary layer state by a RANS-model component. A second ingredient is resolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of a laminar separated boundary layer in RANS-mode, with transition in RANS-mode by a model component or transition in LES-mode by resolved breakdown. The third ingredient is representation in LES-mode of a wake flow and a separated layer that enters a wake, such that the wake mixing is by resolved fluctuations. For realisation of the RANS-zones and the LES-zones, we derive an appropriate sensor function. We demonstrate the good functioning of the technique for transitional flows of different types.

Numerical Solution of Transition to Turbulence over Compressible Ramp at Hypersonic Velocity

This work deals with the numerical solution of hypersonic flow of viscous fluid over a compressible ramp. The solved case involves very important and complicated phenomena such as the interaction of the shock wave with the boundary layer or the transition from a laminar to a turbulent state. This type of problem is very important as it is often found on re-entry vehicles, engine intakes, system and sub-system junctions, etc. Turbulent flow is modeled by the system of averaged Navier–Stokes equations, which is completed by the explicit algebraic model of Reynolds stresses (EARSM model) and further enhanced by the algebraic model of bypass transition. The numerical solution is obtained by the finite volume method based on the rotated-hybrid Riemann solver and explicit multistage Runge–Kutta method. The numerical solution is then compared with the results of a direct numerical simulation.