Product Development Model Research Articles

A Supply Chain Collaboration Model for Product Development with R&D Subsidies

The capability to concurrently design the product and the supply chain is becoming a key competence in manufacturing companies. In spite of this development, this competence is still underdeveloped in industry. Research has not been able to fill this industrial capability gap partly because there is a lack of convergence of the methodologies for concurrent product and supply chain design in the research community. Today, businesses depend on strategic collaboration with their suppliers and customers to create value to develop product and to obtain better market-share. Designing products to match the processes and supply chains processes to match product platforms and supply chains, and supply chains to match the product platforms and process are the ingredients in todays fast developing markets. If this co-design is done well upfront with sufficient focus on product development process managing, product will cost much less overall and the time to market will decrease substantially. This paper presents a supply chain collaboration dynamic model with two innovative R&D sectors for each supplier and buyer: A vertical R&D sector that improves the quality of existing differentiated products and a horizontal R&D sector that creates new differentiated products. The supplier and buyer exchange differentiated products and beneficiate from knowledge spillovers (possibly impulsed by R&D subsidies). The long term policy effects of R&D subsidies in this context had been studied in this paper. In this contribution, we have realized an attempt to integrate the product development model in a supply chain collaboration framework. This enables us to discuss of the optimal research policy integrating some feedback effects from innovation and knowledge spillovers. Our main result is that the effect of a subsidy to vertical R&D (the only subsidy that has a long term effect) depends on the relative innovative capacities of the supplier or buyer that realized this policy.

Proposed Method for Sustainability Development of Consumable Goods

This paper presents the findings of research exploring how designers could to evaluate and insert sustainability requirements in product design during the initial stages of the product development process. It describes the process of development of the method for sustainability consumable goods based from a literature review and explores its application in the development of packaging for cosmetic. The results show that the use of the method may be a promising solution for sustainable projects, providing the insertion of the reasoning for the inclusion of product development oriented to sustainability as a complement to traditional project requirements that existing in the models of product development.

Thoughts on Product Development Oriented to Sustainability in Organizational Overview

The process of product development is increasingly critical factor for the competitiveness of the companies, especially with the increasing internationalization of markets, increased diversity and reduced product life cycle. Besides, companies must be willing to promote the concepts of sustainability to create products that offer environmental, social and economic benefits while protecting public health, welfare and environmental. Because it is of crucial strategic point within organizations, as part of the thought on the product development process, it was accomplished a literature review with the aim of understanding how sustainability is being addressed in product development models. The selected models were verified through a content analysis in order to identify and map the activities of the development process that were related to sustainable product design (presented in a descriptive framework). The study results show that the discussion on models of product development oriented to sustainability is still very fragmented in the literature and there is a concentration of approach to the topic in phases related to informational design and conceptual design. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to deepen the application of concepts related to sustainability in product development from an overview of their processes, since evolution has occurred most often in practices directed at engineering processes and aids tools. The analysis of the articles also found that companies, whether by legal pressures, market or consumers, need to adopt sustainability systemically into their strategies, where all parties are considered. The final product should incorporate the concepts related to the triple bottom line throughout all phases of the project in order to optimize the development process and ensure truly sustainable product. It is believed that companies that adopt these more sustainable practices for their products will certainly change the behaviour related to consumer, social equity and preserving the planet.

A Reference Model for the New Product Development in Medium-Sized Technology-Based Electronics Enterprises

New Product development (NPD) is getting even more significant to the entrepreneurship competitiveness due to the increasing market internationalization, to the product diversity and variety and the reduction of the product life cycle. This present work has as its main goal to propose a reference model adapted to NPD of technology-based companies (TBC) that produce electronics. This research follows a combined methodology approach, that is, a qualitative-quantitative approach. First, a qualitative approach is applied with the study of multiple cases in order to identify the NPD features based on electronics manufacturing. Then, a qualitative approach is employed with application on multi-criterion decision-making method as to select macro-phases, phases and activities from the proposed model for NPD. Finally, studies of multiple cases are carried out to verify the proposed model adequacy. The results analyses suggests that the proposed model may be considered convenient.

Application of RPM in the Design and Manufacture of Mobile Front Cover

Typical molding methods-Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were presented on the basis of principle, formation, development of RPM(Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing). Take mobile front cover as the example, the process of making sample used the method of SLS was introduced.RPM technology for rapid product development model, not only can improve the design quality and shorten the trial period, and can be modified at any time by CAD and re-validation, which has strong market competitiveness. RPM is a multi-disciplinary in a modern manufacturing techniques, will be more widely used in areas such as new product development. In short, rapid prototyping technology will be developed into a kind of technology can be adopted widely in enterprise, bring huge economic benefits to the enterprise and society.

Conceptualising the management of packaging within new product development

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to: contribute to existing models of new product development (NPD) and provide new understanding of how a new product’s packaging is managed and integrated into the NPD process of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) firms and build on prior research, suggesting that firms lack a pipeline of new packaging innovations by uncovering the factors that influence this pipeline issue.Design/methodology/approach– A grounded theory methodology was adopted. Research was conducted through a total of 37 interviews with key informants in the UK FMCG industry, packaging industry and associated firms.Findings– Three distinct levels of packaging development were revealed: skin deep, body modification and format change. The emphasis within many firms is primarily on changes to packaging at the level of the label (skin deep) or aesthetic design (body modification), whilst technological and format changes are overlooked. The factors that contribute to the level at which development is undertaken are identified.Research limitations/implications– Existing literature has largely examined packaging at the level of skin-deep and body modification. The development of new packaging technology has been overlooked. This study’s propositions guide the way forward for further research.Practical implications– For firms, the development of new formats and genuine packaging innovation may be being overlooked. There is a need for them to re-examine their activities to ensure that they are addressing all three levels.Originality/value– This theory-building study has generated a new typology which, alongside the unique framework, reveals the factors influencing the level of emphasis within firms.

Organisational benefits and implementation challenges of mandatory integrated reporting

Purpose – This study aims to summarise the findings of the perceptions of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) and senior executives of South African listed companies on the perceived benefits and implementation challenges as a result of implementing integrated reporting (IR) requirements, as well as motives for preparing an integrated report; it is performed two years into the South African IR regime,. South African-listed companies are among the first in the world to be subject to compliance with IR requirements in terms of stock exchange listing requirements. IR, as a novel and evolutionary step in corporate reporting, along with the influence that integrated thinking and IR principles will have on companies, has been the subject of global debate in recent years. Design/methodology/approach – The research instrument used in the study comprised a self-administered Web-based survey aimed at CEOs and CFOs of all South African listed companies. The survey was validated by a pre-...

Implications of the America Invents Act for R&D Managers: Connecting the Patent Life Cycle with the Technology Development Process

OVERVIEW:Protecting intellectual property is crucial for R&D managers. The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA), which overhauled the US patent system in order to reduce litigation and bring US patent practices into line with international systems, offers new opportunities and challenges in this arena. AIA focuses on improving efficiency, increasing transparency, and harmonizing with other national patent regimes. In pursuit of these aims, the law introduced several key changes: eliminating the requirement for “best mode” disclosure, expanding the definition of prior art, moving from first-to-invent to first-to-file as the key criteria for patent eligibility, and adding post-grant review, among others. Using two familiar frameworks, the patent life cycle and the Stage-Gate model for new product development, the paper explores how AIA impacts R&D managers' considerations around intellectual property. The law comes with added risks for R&D managers, who now must evaluate the commercial potential of innovation much earlier (with a larger set of stakeholders), while maintaining more secrecy than was required under the old regime. The demands of AIA require that R&D managers become more important members of the enterprise's strategic team.

Product Development Model Focused on the Telecommunication Service

This article presents an analysis of the main reference models of Product Development Process (PDP) and specificities of the telecommunications industry. The research instruments used to collect the data was semi-structured interviews, direct observation and document analysis in two companies, in order to map and analyze their PDP. It was noticed that there was similarity of the steps of the Case Studies PDP with the reference models, especially the model of [4]. The main differences were the feasibility analysis, the assessment by the customer of the preliminary product concepts, and the emphasis on commercial and operational development. It was also noted that the PDP of the companies had no strong influence of practices and business processes. Their PDP were more involved in the ​​strategy area, infrastructure and with the product of eTOM framework.

Cloud-based design and manufacturing: A new paradigm in digital manufacturing and design innovation

Cloud-based design manufacturing (CBDM) refers to a service-oriented networked product development model in which service consumers are enabled to configure, select, and utilize customized product realization resources and services ranging from computer-aided engineering software to reconfigurable manufacturing systems. An ongoing debate on CBDM in the research community revolves around several aspects such as definitions, key characteristics, computing architectures, communication and collaboration processes, crowdsourcing processes, information and communication infrastructure, programming models, data storage, and new business models pertaining to CBDM. One question, in particular, has often been raised: is cloud-based design and manufacturing actually a new paradigm, or is it just “old wine in new bottles”? To answer this question, we discuss and compare the existing definitions for CBDM, identify the essential characteristics of CBDM, define a systematic requirements checklist that an idealized CBDM system should satisfy, and compare CBDM to other relevant but more traditional collaborative design and distributed manufacturing systems such as web- and agent-based design and manufacturing systems. To justify the conclusion that CBDM can be considered as a new paradigm that is anticipated to drive digital manufacturing and design innovation, we present the development of a smart delivery drone as an idealized CBDM example scenario and propose a corresponding CBDM system architecture that incorporates CBDM-based design processes, integrated manufacturing services, information and supply chain management in a holistic sense.

Selection Algorithm of Developing New Products in Complex Environmental Constraints

This paper focused on selecting and developing the optimal new products in the environment of complex constraints. Selection models of new products development plans in the complex environmental constraints have been established. The models were designed by designing five variables, defining the four basic model’s initialization and analyzing variable structures of models. Based on the model and the actual problems, the optimal selection algorithm models of new product development’s plan in the complex environmental constraints have been designed. First of all, new product’s evaluation was evaluated by using the environmental factors to calculate the weight of related factors in this environment. Secondly, the data’s table of algorithm and the iterative process were designed. Finally, the optimal new product by iterative algorithm was employed to prove the optimal solution of in the algorithm. The model and algorithm in the specific implementation process has good flexibility, high efficiency and optimality.

Nonlinear Econometric Model of Electronic Products and its Application

Digital product development is very rapid, this paper use engineering method to establish electronic product development model, and use Shift-share method to analysis decompose the economic capacity of the electronics industry, with the high level of industrial economic quantity Comparative analysis of the overall strength of the digital industry. Shift-share model with a comprehensive economic assessment, and put forward development proposals of corresponding electronic products.

Agile Product Development Model Focused on the Telecommunication Service

The Telecommunications Industry has a highly competitive and constant technological innovation scenario. Therefore, its Product Development Process (PDP) must have adequate structure and agility. In this context, this article presents a structure of the PDP to providers of telecommunications services. This proposal was based on literature review and in two case studies in Brazil.

Application of Integrated Product Development Model Oriented to R&D Projects of the Brazilian Electricity Sector

The R&D Programof the Brazilian Electricity Sector has recently begun to encourage the newly developed technologies transference to market through R&D projects. However, the lack of adequate methodological references for project planning led the authors to propose a model to assist the energy utilities and research teams in the elaboration of R&D projects proposals for the electricity sector. In this context, this paper presents a case study of the Integrated Product Development Model Oriented for R&D Projects of the Brazilian Electricity Sector (MOR&D) application to elaborate a project of pioneer lot for a newly developed of a safety equipment with the incentives of the R&D Program, showing that, as in industry, a well-structured model may be the way to generate innovative projects and products, meeting completely the guidelines that all electric utilities are subject.

Approaching lean product development using system dynamics: investigating front-load effects

Competing with successful products has become perplexing with several uncertainties and transmutes from time to time as customers’ expectations are dynamic. That is why manufacturing firms exhaustively strive to look for a better competitive frontier using well-established and innovative product development (PD) processes. In this paper, we would like to answer three research questions: (i) What would be the effects of front-loading in PD? (ii) Can we improve our PD process endlessly? (iii) When is the critical time that the firm should take remedial action for improvements? As a contribution to the vast numbers of improvement methods in new product development (NPD), this paper investigates the effects of front-loading using set-based concurrent engineering (SBCE) on cost and lead time. Models are developed and treated using a system dynamics (SD) approach. We assign a hypothetical upfront investment for SBCE and compare its effects on total cost and lead time of the development process. From the research, it is found that the total cost of PD is reduced almost by half—although the front loading is higher in order to encompass multiple design alternatives. The total product lead time is reduced by almost 20 %. The model reveals the critical time for improvement of the PD process. We use SD tool (e.g., STELLA) for simulation and visualization of the complex PD model, using SBCE as one of several strategies to front-load activities in the NPD process.

On the Product Development Model of Service Innovation in Manufacturing Industry

The study objects comprise of manufacturers in transition to manufacturing servitization which Taiwan Government strongly advocates recently. The study conducts in-depth interview with specialized counseling units in addition to supplementing specific internal data analysis through the discussion on the success cases in the application for government counseling. Using qualitative research method, the study expounds the new mode shaping, causes in forming cooperation-strategy model and the association with corporate business model in the development of product service innovation. The model of service innovation development not yet revealed in prior literatures are now unfolded through the specific flow chart of the operation of product development model for the representative manufacturers mentioned in the study, providing an important reference for Asian manufacturing industries in terms of shortening R&D process time. Students of engineering education can apply the concept of manufacturing servitization to assist them with industrial thinking and connect with in-school learning. Such concept can also effectively offer an important discourse for reference during the shifting of manufacturing R&D after the students enter the workplace.

Strategic Product R&D Investment Policy under International Rivalry in the Presence of Demand Spillover Effects

We develop a model of product (i.e., quality-improving) research and development (R&D) investment competition in a horizontally differentiated duopoly. In particular, based on a third-country market model, we consider the optimal product R&D investment policy under international rivalry in the presence of demand spillover effects associated with improving the quality level of a product. We show how the optimality of a non-cooperative and a cooperative R&D investment policy depends on the strength of demand spillover effects. Furthermore, we consider the same issues in the case of heterogeneous consumers and alternative utility functions.

New Product Development Model for Solar Cells

Global warming is a major reason for dramatic climate changes around the world. Among various renewable energy sources, solar energy is one of the most promising for environmental protection and natural resource scarcity resolution. With the technical advantages obtained from the semiconductor and TFT-LCD industries, the Photovoltaic (PV) industry in Taiwan can achieve a solid global position. Current PV products, however, still face a large obstacle due to high production cost and low PV conversion efficiency. An important source of competitive advantage, survival and renewal for firms in todays competitive market is successful new product development (NPD). PV firms need to carry out effective R&D in order to improve product quality and to obtain cost effectiveness. This research, thus, constructs a comprehensive model, which comprises fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and quality function deployment (QFD), for implementing a NPD project for a PV manufacturer. The proposed model shall help designers to systematically consider relevant NPD information and reconcile tradeoffs among various performance characteristics in a fuzzy environment.

Rapid Prototyping Applications in Various Field of Engineering and Technology

In the product design and development process, the prototyping or model making is one of the important step to finalize a product which helps in conceptualization of a design. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is layer-by-layer material deposition started during early 1980s with the enormous growth in Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. The edges and surfaces of a complex solid model and their information are used for defining a product which is further manufactured as a finished product by CNC machining. This paper provides a better platform for researchers, new learners and product manufacturers for various applications of RP models. Subsequently it creates awareness among the peoples of recently developing RP method of manufacturing in product design, developments and its applications. Keywords—Prototyping, layer-by-layer, CAD/CAM, product design.

Sustainable Product Design: The Development of a Conceptual Model

This paper presents the development of a conceptual model for Method Integrated Product Development Oriented for Sustainability. The proposed method aims to assist designers in the development process, generating design alternatives directed at sustainable development and full life cycle of the product. This research was limited to application of the method to a product category through a case study. The research objective is to present the process of development and application of the method. The results indicate that the proposed method provides the development process to insert the rationale for the development of sustainability-oriented products as a complement to traditional design requirements in existing models of product development. It is believed that its application to other product designs is promising for the development of sustainable solutions.