Model Of Physical Training Research Articles

Simulation-based Education for Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: A Comparison Between Virtual and Physical Training Models.

The relative educational benefits of virtual reality (VR) and physical simulation models for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) have not been evaluated "head to head." To compare and identify the relative utility of a physical and VR ETV simulation model for use in neurosurgical training. Twenty-three neurosurgical residents and 3 fellows performed an ETV on both a physical and VR simulation model. Trainees rated the models using 5-point Likert scales evaluating the domains of anatomy, instrument handling, procedural content, and the overall fidelity of the simulation. Paired t tests were performed for each domain's mean overall score and individual items. The VR model has relative benefits compared with the physical model with respect to realistic representation of intraventricular anatomy at the foramen of Monro (4.5, standard deviation [SD] = 0.7 vs 4.1, SD = 0.6; P = .04) and the third ventricle floor (4.4, SD = 0.6 vs 4.0, SD = 0.9; P = .03), although the overall anatomy score was similar (4.2, SD = 0.6 vs 4.0, SD = 0.6; P = .11). For overall instrument handling and procedural content, the physical simulator outperformed the VR model (3.7, SD = 0.8 vs 4.5; SD = 0.5, P < .001 and 3.9; SD = 0.8 vs 4.2, SD = 0.6; P = .02, respectively). Overall task fidelity across the 2 simulators was not perceived as significantly different. Simulation model selection should be based on educational objectives. Training focused on learning anatomy or decision-making for anatomic cues may be aided with the VR simulation model. A focus on developing manual dexterity and technical skills using endoscopic equipment in the operating room may be better learned on the physical simulation model.

Innovative model of sports support of the high education for students with disabilities

There was experimentally grounded the sports support of high education for students with disabilities. In experiment took part students with nosologies of: vision, hearing, locomotive system and CSIP, with somatic diseases and diabetes mellitus. The special attention was paid to organizational and methodological aspects of physical training and sports of students with different nosologies. There was proved than every student with disabilities has certain peculiarities and functional limitations that complicate the processes of education in integrated environment and socialization. For guaranteeing the equal access to education for such people it is necessary to introduce in educational process the special methods, programs, pedagogical technologies and adaptive technical means. There was demonstrated an effectiveness of the new model of physical training for students with disabilities in pedagogical process of the modern IHE

Aerobic physical training increases contractile response and reduces cardiac fibrosis in rats subjected to early ovarian hormone deprivation.

We investigated the effects of early ovarian hormone deprivation on the heart and the role of physical training in this condition using different approaches: cardiac autonomic tone, contractility, morphology and function, and cardiac fibrosis. Female Wistar rats (n = 48) were assigned into two groups: ovariectomized (Ovx; 10-wk-old) and control rats (Sham; 10-wk-old). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, sedentary and trained (aerobic training by swimming for 10 wk). The sedentary groups showed similar cardiac autonomic tone values; however, only the Sham group had an increase in vagal participation for the determination of the basal heart rate after physical training. The contractile responses to cardiac β-agonists of the sedentary groups were similar, including an increased response to a β1-agonist (dobutamine) observed after physical training. The Ovx sedentary group presented changes in cardiac morphology, which resulted in decreases in the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac index compared with the Sham sedentary group. Physical training did little to alter these findings. Moreover, histology analysis showed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis in the sedentary Ovx group, which was not observed in the trained Ovx group. We conclude that early ovarian hormone deprivation in rats impairs autonomic control, cardiac morphology, and cardiac function and increases cardiac fibrosis; however, it does not affect the contractility induced by dobutamine and salbutamol. Furthermore, this model of physical training prevented an increase in fibrosis and promoted an increase in the cardiac contractile response but had little effect on cardiac autonomic control or morphological and functional parameters.

Kinematics effectively delineate accomplished users of endovascular robotics with a physical training model

Endovascular robotics systems, now approved for clinical use in the United States and Europe, are seeing rapid growth in interest. Determining who has sufficient expertise for safe and effective clinical use remains elusive. Our aim was to analyze performance on a robotic platform to determine what defines an expert user. During three sessions, 21 subjects with a range of endovascular expertise and endovascular robotic experience (novices <2 hours to moderate-extensive experience with >20 hours) performed four tasks on a training model. All participants completed a 2-hour training session on the robot by a certified instructor. Completion times, global rating scores, and motion metrics were collected to assess performance. Electromagnetic tracking was used to capture and to analyze catheter tip motion. Motion analysis was based on derivations of speed and position including spectral arc length and total number of submovements (inversely proportional to proficiency of motion) and duration of submovements (directly proportional to proficiency). Ninety-eight percent of competent subjects successfully completed the tasks within the given time, whereas 91% of noncompetent subjects were successful. There was no significant difference in completion times between competent and noncompetent users except for the posterior branch (151 s:105 s; P = .01). The competent users had more efficient motion as evidenced by statistically significant differences in the metrics of motion analysis. Users with >20 hours of experience performed significantly better than those newer to the system, independent of prior endovascular experience. This study demonstrates that motion-based metrics can differentiate novice from trained users of flexible robotics systems for basic endovascular tasks. Efficiency of catheter movement, consistency of performance, and learning curves may help identify users who are sufficiently trained for safe clinical use of the system. This work will help identify the learning curve and specific movements that translate to expert robotic navigation.

VESS8. Kinematics Effectively Delineate Accomplished Users of Endovascular Robotics Using a Physical Training Model

VESS8. Kinematics Effectively Delineate Accomplished Users of Endovascular Robotics Using a Physical Training Model

Model of physical training for young players aged 15-17 years

Model of physical training for young players aged 15-17 years

Pedagogical model of physical training of cadets of boundary profile educational institutions of the Federal Security Service of Russia to actions in the conditions of the mountain district

Pedagogical model of physical training of cadets of boundary profile educational institutions of the Federal Security Service of Russia to actions in the conditions of the mountain district

Establishing milestones in urology training: A survey of the Canadian

Background: At the current time, technical skills are not directlyevaluated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons ofCanada (RCPSC) as part of the certification process in urology.Rather, the RCPSC relies on the evaluation of Program Directorsto ensure that trainees have acquired the necessary surgical skills.Methods: An electronic survey was sent out to the members of the Canadian Academy of Urological Surgeons (CAUS), including the 13 Canadian urology program directors, to assess the teaching and evaluation of technical skills of urology trainees.Results: The response rate was 37% (33/89), including 8 of the 13 (62%) Program Directors from across Canada. For the teaching of technical skills, most programs had access to live animal laboratories (69%), dedicated teaching time in simulation (59%) and physical training models (59%). Most relied on voluntary faculty. There was a wide variety of structured evaluations for technical skills used across programs, while 36% of respondents did not use structured evaluations. For trainees with deficiencies in technical skills, 67% of programs offered extra operative time with designated faculty, 26% offered additional simulation focused on the deficiency and 19% offered faculty tutorial sessions.Conclusion: Among Canadian urology residency programs, there is considerable variability in the assessment of technical skills of trainees. Standardized objective assessment tools would help ensure that all trainees have acquired adequate surgical proficiency to operate independently.

Establishing milestones in urology training: A survey of the Canadian Academy of Urological Surgeons

: At the current time, technical skills are not directly evaluated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) as part of the certification process in urology. Rather, the RCPSC relies on the evaluation of Program Directors to ensure that trainees have acquired the necessary surgical skills. : An electronic survey was sent out to the members of the Canadian Academy of Urological Surgeons (CAUS), including the 13 Canadian urology program directors, to assess the teaching and evaluation of technical skills of urology trainees. : The response rate was 37% (33/89), including 8 of the 13 (62%) Program Directors from across Canada. For the teaching of technical skills, most programs had access to live animal laboratories (69%), dedicated teaching time in simulation (59%) and physical training models (59%). Most relied on voluntary faculty. There was a wide variety of structured evaluations for technical skills used across programs, while 36% of respondents did not use structured evaluations. For trainees with deficiencies in technical skills, 67% of programs offered extra operative time with designated faculty, 26% offered additional simulation focused on the deficiency and 19% offered faculty tutorial sessions. : Among Canadian urology residency programs, there is considerable variability in the assessment of technical skills of trainees. Standardized objective assessment tools would help ensure that all trainees have acquired adequate surgical proficiency to operate independently.

Rendering Virtual Tumors in Real Tissue Mock-Ups Using Haptic Augmented Reality.

Haptic augmented reality (AR) is an emerging research area, which targets the modulation of haptic properties of real objects by means of virtual feedback. In our research, we explore the feasibility of using this technology for medical training systems. As a possible demonstration example, we currently examine the use of augmentation in the context of breast tumor palpation. The key idea in our prototype system is to augment the real feedback of a silicone breast mock-up with simulated forces stemming from virtual tumors. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate the underlying algorithm to provide these force augmentations. This includes a method for the identification of the contact dynamics model via measurements on real sample objects. The performance of our augmentation is examined quantitatively as well as in a user study. Initial results show that the haptic feedback of indenting a real silicone tumor with a rod can be approximated reasonably well with our algorithm. The advantage of such an augmentation approach over physical training models is the ability to create a nearly infinite variety of palpable findings.

Didactic model of physical training of children aged 5-7 years old in preschool educational institution with participation of parents and training devices

81 У спортсменов мужского пола продолжению занятий сопутствует установка на достижение результата. Когда мальчик попадает в истинно мужской вид спорта, то это соответствует его гендерной роли и не вызывает удивления, поэтому одним присутствием на занятиях не проявить индивидуальности, на тебя обратят внимание, только в случае достижения определенного уровня спортивного мастерства. Как следствие этого достижения – подчеркивание в себе «мужского». С установками на достижение результата мальчики чаще девочек приходят в тхэквондо, что можно считать как изначально большую мотивированность спортсменов мужского пола на продолжительные занятия, поскольку очевидно, что за короткий промежуток времени не возможно научиться всему необходимому для приобретения высокой квалификации. Выяснено, что у квалифицированных спортсменов, как мужского, так и женского пола на протяжении занятий не снижается мотивационная ценность прикладного аспекта восточных единоборств. Большинство новичков, выучив несколько приемов, считают себя способными защититься при нападении, в то время как спортсмены, тренирующиеся не один год, осознают всю сложность и многоплановость техники тхэквондо и необходимость ее постоянного совершенствования, чтобы не только выступить в соревновательном поединке, проходящем по установленным правилам, но и суметь противостоять при неожиданной угрозе в неординарной ситуации. У опытных спортсменов практически не обнаружены межполовые различия в мотивах увлечения единоборствами. Для девочек занимающихся несколько лет, уже не столь значимо выделиться перед окружающими. Для них, также как и для мальчиков, ведущим мотивом становится достижение высокого результата, стремление к тому, чтобы их многолетняя практика могла вылиться в приобретение той статусной платформы, которая поможет их дальнейшему продвижению в жизни. Причем, опытные спортсменки отмечали у себя это желание достичь чего-то уже на начальном этапе, при выборе спортивной специализации. То есть, изначально мотивировали себя на продолжительные занятия. Имеющиеся на начальном этапе различия в мотивах занятий единоборствами – ориентация девочек на превосходство над другими, мальчиков – на достижение спортивных результатов, у квалифицированных спортсменов с длительным стажем занятий исчезают. В целом, приверженности к занятиям тхэквондо как у спортсменов мужского, так и женского пола сопутствуют мотивы прикладного значения единоборств, стремление к достижению высоких результатов, желание совершенствовать физические и психические качества, сформированные уже на начальных этапах и устойчивые во времени. Контактная информация: bakulev_boks@mail.ru

Efeitos do treinamento físico sobre a resistência mecânica do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos

OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento mecânico do terço proximal do fêmur de ratos submetidos ao treinamento aeróbio e resistido crônicos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (80 dias, 300 a 350 g) foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=8 por grupo): Treinamento aeróbio/8 semanas (TA), Treinamento resistido/8 semanas (TR) e controle/8 semanas (CO). Ao término do período de treinamento os animais foram sacrificados e o fêmur direito coletado. Para análise do comportamento mecânico do fêmur foram realizados ensaios de flexo-compressão. RESULTADOS: O treinamento resistido ocasionou redução significante da força máxima (Fmáx) do fêmur. Por outro lado, promoveu um aumento (23,7%) relevante, porém não significante, da deformação da força máxima (DFmáx). O treinamento aeróbio não afetou a Fmáx, porém promoveu uma redução (26,6%) considerável, também não significante, da DFmáx. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstram que o treinamento resistido e aeróbio, promoveram redução da Fmáx e da DFmáx óssea, respectivamente. Os dados evidenciam uma ação diferencial de ambos os modelos de treinamento físico sobre as propriedades mecânicas do fêmur de ratos.

The effectiveness of a supervised physical training model tailored to the individual needs of patients with whiplash-associated disorders - a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a physical training programme which is supervised and tailored to meet the needs of patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders. Design: A randomized controlled trial with follow-up at three and nine months after randomization. Setting: An interdisciplinary rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Forty-seven patients with subacute disorders following a whiplash trauma. Interventions: Patients were randomized to a supervised training group or a self-administered home training group. Main measures: Primary outcome measures were the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Pain Disability Index. Secondary outcome measures were neck pain intensity, sensory and affective dimensions of pain, pain location and duration, muscle tenderness, grip strength, cervical mobility, sick leave and analgesic consumption. Results: Forty patients (85%) completed the intervention period, and the drop-outs were followed up by intention-to-treat. The results showed that supervised training was significantly more favourable than home training, with a more rapid improvement in self-efficacy (P=0.03), fear of movement/(re)injury (P=0.03) and pain disability (P=0.03) at three months. Further, supervised training significantly reduced the frequency of analgesic consumption (P=0.03). The improvements were partly maintained at nine months, even though there was no amelioration in pain and physical disorders. Despite the favourable outcome, supervised intervention did not reduce sick leave. Conclusions: The findings indicate a treatment approach that is feasible in the rehabilitation of patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders in the short term, but additional research is needed to extend these findings and elucidate treatment strategies that also are cost effective.

Nutrifit Programme to Improve Health-Related Fitness among Young Thai Schoolchildren

A Nutrifit programme, consisting of a nutrition education and physical training model, was developed by modifying an established Fitnessgram as a tool. the programme was tested among 514 schoolchildren aged eight to nine years who were enrolled in two provincial government schools (A and B) and two private schools (C and D) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. Health-related fitness tests using the Fitnessgram were administered in all four schools, followed by the Nutrifit programme intervention in schools B and D. the intervention included 10 nutrition and physical training education sessions during the regular physical education classes. During the seven-month programme period, though the nutritional status of children did not show a significant change, improvement in health-related fitness tests was noted in both non-intervened and intervened schools. It is recommended that the Nutrifit programme be incorporated into the school curriculum as a measure of nutrition and fitness aimed at health promotion and disease prevention.

Immune responses to inflammation and trauma: a physical training model

Physical activity and training have some potential as tools for examining immune responses to inflammation and trauma. Contributors to the present symposium review various aspects of the inflammatory process, including issues of lymphocyte recirculation and endotoxemia. They examine also the extent and nature of the immune disturbances induced by acute and chronic exercise and consider parallels between such responses and cellular manifestations of clinical sepsis. Factors modulating immune responses during physical activity include changes in the circulating levels of various cytokines, alterations in nutritional status, an altered expression of adhesion molecules, and the possible intervention of reactive species. Factors that can exacerbate exercise-induced changes include exposure to adverse environments, particularly hot conditions, and disturbances of the normal sleep-wakefulness cycle. Current research in exercise immunology finds clinical application in attempts to regulate aging, acute viral infections, and neoplasia.Key words: cold exposure, environmental stress, heat exposure, high altitudes, immunosuppression.

Immune responses to inflammation and trauma: a physical training model.

Physical activity and training have some potential as tools for examining immune responses to inflammation and trauma. Contributors to the present symposium review various aspects of the inflammatory process, including issues of lymphocyte recirculation and endotoxemia. They examine also the extent and nature of the immune disturbances induced by acute and chronic exercise and consider parallels between such responses and cellular manifestations of clinical sepsis. Factors modulating immune responses during physical activity include changes in the circulating levels of various cytokines, alterations in nutritional status, an altered expression of adhesion molecules, and the possible intervention of reactive species. Factors that can exacerbate exercise-induced changes include exposure to adverse environments, particularly hot conditions, and disturbances of the normal sleep-wakefulness cycle. Current research in exercise immunology finds clinical application in attempts to regulate aging, acute viral infections, and neoplasia.