Model Of Motor Research Articles

The role of load and distributed energy resources modeling in voltage recovery studies

Load modeling in power systems is crucial to stability studies. The analysis of certain dynamic phenomena requires proper load modeling. Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) relates directly to Residential Air Conditioner (RAC) stalling. Therefore, the modeling of induction motor (IM) loads is essential to this analysis. Delayed voltage recovery in the system can result in delayed power recovery in inverters connected to the transmission system, which connects photovoltaic and wind power plants to the Brazilian Interconnected Power System (BIPS). In the last few years, there has been a considerable growth of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in Brazil. Modern and legacy ride-through settings coexist in power systems around the world. Inverters with legacy settings are more likely to disconnect in systemic events. This creates a context that has been assessed in this paper. The modeling of induction motors in the Acre-Rondonia system leads to a deterioration of this system’s dynamic performance, which can lead to collapse. DER’s voltage support can contribute to post-fault system voltage recovery, mitigating the delay caused by RAC stalling and avoiding collapse. Thus, more robust ride-through settings are required to avoid inverter disconnection. Moreover, dynamic voltage support and reactive current priority requirements are demands from inverters connected to the system. The results obtained show that this consideration enable more consistent results than the ones obtained by the classic ZIP load model.

Research on the EMA Control Method Based on Transmission Error Compensation

This research investigates the impact of nonlinear clearance factors on position tracking accuracy in the servo drive system of a harmonic reducer. The study introduces a technique for modeling and compensating for transmission errors, thereby improving position tracking accuracy through online compensation combined with an auto-disturbance rejection controller. Initially, the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is outlined, and the current loop and speed loop control models are derived. Subsequently, an electromechanical actuator (EMA) simulation model with clearance is established, and detailed simulation analysis is conducted to verify the impact of clearance on tracking accuracy. A model for online compensation of transmission errors is then developed. Following the principles of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), a second-order ADRC is formulated for real-time compensation of transmission errors in EMA position mode. Finally, through no-load and load experiments, the change in position tracking error with and without transmission error compensation is compared and analyzed. The results demonstrate that utilizing automatic disturbance rejection control with transmission error compensation achieves the highest position tracking accuracy. Compared to the proportion integration differentiation (PID) control method, the root mean square of position tracking error is reduced by approximately 12.8% and 17.3% under no-load and load conditions, respectively. By compensating for position errors online, the accuracy of the EMA position can be improved.

A reference stator flux linkage calculation method for realizing maximum efficiency operation in direct‐torque‐controlled IPMSM drives

AbstractIn this paper, a reference stator flux linkage calculation method is proposed for realizing maximum efficiency operation in direct‐torque‐controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the solutions of a quartic equation, a motor model in the d‐q rotating frame widely used for synchronous motor controllers, and a well‐known equation for maximum efficiency operation. Therefore, the proposed method uses neither any approximation function nor any look‐up table that depends on the parameters of the motor, which has to be created in advance. Simulation results validate that the proposed methods can achieve maximum efficiency operation in IPMSM drives.

Interactive and educational simulation tool for permanent magnet synchronous machines

PurposeThis paper aims to present an interactive design and simulation tool for permanent magnet synchronous machines based on the finite-element-method. The tool is intended for education and research on electrical machines.Design/methodology/approachA coupling between the software MATLAB and finite element method magnetics is used. Several functionalities are included as modular scripts and represented in the form of a graphical user interface. Included are fully parametrized motor models, automatic winding generations and the evaluation of torque waveforms, core losses and speed-torque-diagrams. A survey was conducted to determine how the motivation of students concerning the covered topics is influenced by using the tool.FindingsDue to its simplicity and the intuitive visualization of the results, the tool provides direct access to the topic of electrical machines without having to deal with separate scripts. The modular structure of the software allows simple extensions with new functions. Because students can directly contribute to the tool with their own work, their motivation for using and extending it increases.Originality/valueThe presented tool offers more functionalities compared to similar free software packages, e.g. the calculation of core losses and speed-torque diagrams. Also, it is designed in such a way that it can be easily understood and extended by students.

СИНТЕЗ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДА КОМПРЕССОРНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ЭЛЕКТРОВОЗА

The study objective is to improve the reliability and energy efficiency of the electric locomotive compressor drive. To achieve this, the required power of the electric motor was calculated the performance of the compressor unit, the volume of the main tanks and the selected electric motor were checked to start and adjust the capacity at low supply voltage. The task to which the paper is devoted is to design an electric drive for a compressor motor. A vector model of an asynchronous motor was made. The process of direct start-up and starting an asynchronous electric motor with the use of a scalar control system and IR compensation were modeled. Research methods: systematic approach; provisions of the theory of automatic control and electrical engineering; numerical PC simulation using Matlab software package. The novelty of the work is in the use of a frequency-controlled electric drive to start the asynchronous electric motor of the compressor unit instead of the normally installed starting capacitors. This design solution will significantly reduce the amplitude of the starting currents, which in turn will reduce the wear of the winding insulation. The study results are presented, based on the results of the constructed models, as graphs of the dependencies of speed and current during direct start of the electric motor and with the control system. Conclusions: the scalar control system, thanks to the introduction of an intensity setter, as well as IR compensation diagram, allow extending the transition time and controlling the value of the inrush current in acceptable values. Such an approach to make an electric drive compressor motor is able to significantly increase its reliability and service life, as well as to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system.

Generalized Shannon entropy sparse wavelet packet transform for fault detection of traction motor bearings in high-speed trains

An effective structural health monitoring method of traction motor bearings is a powerful guarantee for the safety operation of high-speed trains. However, it is exceptionally difficult to detect bearing fault characteristics from the vibration signals of traction motor bearings operating at high rotational speeds. In this scenario, a generalized Shannon entropy sparse wavelet packet transform (GSWPT) for fault detection of motor bearings is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a generalized Shannon entropy sparse regularization method is proposed to obtain sparse wavelet reconstruction coefficients by extending the definition of the Shannon information entropy, and the non-convex sparse regularization function is minimized by synergistic swarm optimization algorithm. Then, the wavelet node coefficients are weighted according to the second-order cyclostationarity index of the wavelet packet node to further enhance the sparsity of the reconstructed signal. Moreover, the optimal decomposition level of GSWPT is adaptively selected by the maximum sparsity and cyclostationarity criterion. Particularly, in order to verify the bearing fault detection performance of GSWPT in practical engineering, a bearing fault dynamic model of traction motor in high-speed train was established based on Hertz contact theory and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain simulated data under strong Gaussian white noise, and a corresponding test platform was constructed to collect experimental data under different operating conditions. Finally, the applications on the simulated and experimental signals of traction motor bearings in high-speed trains demonstrate that GSWPT significantly outperforms the conventional wavelet packet transform, dual-tree complex wavelet packet transform, blind deconvolution, modal decomposition, and Infogram methods to some extent for fault detection.

Mathematical model of brusherless dc motor based on the voltage equation of a three-phase winding

A mathematical model was developed, during which the voltage equations of the three-phase winding of a brushless DC motor with permanent magnets, the electromagnetic torque of a brushless DC motor, electromagnetic power, the induced emf of each winding, and the differential torque equation of the servo system were obtained. Based on the constructed mathematical model of the BLDC for a specific motor with given parameters, simulation modeling was carried out and the dependences of electromechanical quantities were obtained: angular velocity of the rotor, electromagnetic torque, stator phase current and rotor rotation angle on time. The simulation results confirmed the theoretical justification of the mathematical model. The resulting mathematical description of the BLDC can be used to build the architecture of a control unit based on a neural network controller.

Multiphysics performance of surrogate models on skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors

PurposeEvaluating the multiphysics performance of an electric motor can be a computationally intensive process, especially where several complex subsystems of the motor are coupled together. For example, evaluating acoustic noise requires the coupling of the electromagnetic, structural and acoustic models of the electric motor. Where skewed poles are considered in the design, the problem becomes a purely three-dimensional (3D) multiphysics problem, which could increase the computational burden astronomically. This study, therefore, aims to introduce surrogate models in the design process to reduce the computational cost associated with solving such 3D-coupled multiphysics problems.Design/methodology/approachThe procedure involves using the finite element (FE) method to generate a database of several skewed rotor pole surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors and their corresponding electromagnetic, structural and acoustic performances. Then, a surrogate model is fitted to the data to generate mapping functions that could be used in place of the time-consuming FE simulations.FindingsIt was established that the surrogate models showed promising results in predicting the multiphysics performance of skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors. As such, such models could be used to handle the skewing aspects, which has always been a major design challenge due to the scarcity of simulation tools with stepwise skewing capability.Originality/valueThe main contribution involves the use of surrogate models to replace FE simulations during the design cycle of skewed pole surface-mounted permanent magnet motors without compromising the integrity of the electromagnetic, structural, and acoustic results of the motor.

Implementation of AI Tuned PID Controller for Speed and Direction Control of BLDC Motor

This paper explores BLDC motor control using MATLAB Simulink, focusing on AI tuned PID and fractional PID controllers for closed-loop speed regulation and direction . It involves designing a feedback system comprising sensor feedback, controller, and BLDC motor model. Through iterative tuning, optimal controller parameters are determined for enhanced performance. Simulations were carried out to evaluate response characteristics, stability, and robustness across varying conditions. Experimental validation though hardware-in-the-loop experiments corroborates simulation findings. Performance metrics, including speed accuracy and disturbance rejection, are analyzed to compare the effectiveness of PID and fractional PID controllers. This work provides insights into advanced control techniques for BLDC motors, aiding in the selection of suitable strategies for real-world applications.

A versatilely high fidelity electric machines emulator for rapid testing of motor controller.

Electric machines emulators (EMEs) based on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), which effectively act as emulators to mimic the actual motor behavior of Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machines. EME is frequently used to evaluate motor controller and motor control methodologies prior to development. The inverse magnetization motor model, which is used as the basis for real-time simulation in this paper's proposal for an electric machine emulator system based on HIL, uses FEA to create the motor model data. The nonlinear features of the motor may be successfully replicated with this motor model, and the accuracy of the electric machine emulator can be enhanced by using a straightforward and trustworthy motor controller. The real-time simulation tool typhoon HIL is used in the study to develop a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform for an IPM electric machines emulator.

Field Modeling and Thrust Analysis of Linear Induction Motor Considering Edge-End Effect and Core Saturation

Field Modeling and Thrust Analysis of Linear Induction Motor Considering Edge-End Effect and Core Saturation

A Selectively Controllable Triple-Helical Micromotor

Selective control mechanisms of microrobots have attracted significant attention from researchers. So far, selective control within multiple/swarm magnetic microrobots has been achieved with many strategies, such as utilizing locally specified magnetic fields, applying electrostatic anchoring, taking the advantages of geometry/wettability heterogeneity of the microrobots, etc. Using the step-out behavior of helical microrobots driven by a rotating magnetic field, researchers have proposed a mathematical model for multihelical motor that can be selectively controlled. Based on this model, we developed a micromotor that consists of three geometrically heterogeneous helices that can be selectively driven within a specific narrow frequency range. This type of micromotor shows bi-direction motion capability and has the potential to be used as an actuation unit for multiple types of functional micromechanisms.

Development of Laryngeal Stroboscopic Effect With Continuous Light Source

Background and Objectives Most laryngeal imaging modalities used continuous light source. However, videostroboscopy adopted the unique stroboscopic flashing light triggered externally and is consistent with fundamental voice frequencies. If laryngeal stroboscopic effect could be obtained in the field of continuous illumination, it woud be more compatible with conventional video. In this study, we established the mathematical algorithm for stroboscopic effect with continuous light and tried to determine the feasibility of laryngeal stroboscopic effect with conventional laryngoscopy using continuous light in the mechanical model.Materials and Method The mechanical model of fan motor system was used to validate to the present study. Rotational images of the fan motor were captured using conventional laryngoscope with continuous light source.Results On the basis of the mathematical model, the optimal ranges of the frequency for stroboscopic effect were expected as (multiples of sampling rate [S])±(S/5). In the fan motor model, the stroboscopic effects could be confirmed on the basis of the mathematical model using conventional videolaryngoscopy with continuous light source.Conclusion Laryngeal stroboscopic effect with continuous light source might be feasible. The stroboscopic effect with continuous light would be expected to provide greater compatibility to integrate with the other imaging modalities for the vocal folds.

Investigation of electromagnetic processes in the case of static eccentricity of a two-pole induction motor with a short-circuited rotor

Purpose. Correction of the mathematical model of electromagnetic processes in a two-pole induction motor with a short-circuited rotor, taking into account static rotor eccentricity to identify diagnostic correlations. Methodology. Analytical modeling using the method of specific magnetic conductivity, mathematical modeling of electromagnetic fields in a three-phase induction motor with a short-circuited rotor using methods of electromagnetic field theory and finite element methods. Obtained results. The necessity of improving mathematical models for induction motors with short-circuited rotors to establish new or refine connections between diagnostic features and diagnosed defects has been demonstrated. Refined mathematical expressions for calculating the specific conductivity of non-uniform air gaps in induction motors with static eccentricity are provided. Modeling was performed using the FEMM environment for a statically eccentric two-pole induction motor with a short-circuited rotor. It has been proven that the harmonic order values obtained using the numerical-field method are consistent with those obtained analytically. Findings. Based on the field approach and using the finite elements method, an analysis of the distribution of magnetic field in a two-pole induction motor with a short-circuited rotor was conducted. Harmonic analysis of the magnetic field in the air gap was performed to identify the fundamental harmonic and higher and lower-order harmonics when eccentricity occurs. The influence of static rotor eccentricity on the electromagnetic processes of the induction motor was analyzed. Practical value. The results of the study can be utilized for functional diagnosis of the rotor winding of induction motors based on the radial component of the magnetic field. This will contribute to enhancing the reliability of induction motors and enable the prevention of failure in induction motors with short-circuited rotors.

Microscopic model for a Brownian translator

A microscopic model for a translational Brownian motor, dubbed a Brownian translator, is introduced. It is inspired by the Brownian gyrator described by Filliger and Reimann (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 230602). The Brownian translator consists of a spatially asymmetric object moving freely along a line due to perpetual collisions with a surrounding ideal gas. When this gas has an anisotropic temperature, both spatial and temporal symmetries are broken and the object acquires a nonzero drift. Onsager reciprocity implies the opposite phenomenon, that is dragging a spatially asymmetric object into an (initially at) equilibrium gas induces an energy flow that results in anisotropic gas temperatures. Expressions for the dynamical and energetic properties are derived as a series expansion in the mass ratio (of gas particle vs. object). These results are in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations.

Modeling of Induction Motors and Variable Speed Drives for Multi-Domain System Simulations Using Modelica and the OpenIPSL Library

This paper introduces an innovative method for characterizing, implementing, and validating both three-phase and single-phase induction motor models, accompanied by a variable speed drive model. The primary goal is to investigate interactions between the electrical power grid and other dynamic domains (e.g., thermofluidic) that impact motor/load drive behavior. Our approach involves establishing a mechanical interface based on a physically meaningful equation linking motor torque/speed to the electrical model in the phasor domain. This allows seamless integration of diverse domain subsystems into a unified multi-domain model using Modelica v4.0.0 and the OpenIPSL library v3.0.1, overcoming co-simulation limitations. The proposed model, which requires only one Modelica-compliant tool for simulation, introduces additional dynamics through the mechanical interface, enabling explicit simulation of load disturbances based on constitutive physics. This deepens our understanding of dynamic interactions between the electrical power domain and other subsystems connected through the motor. We detail the modeled components using mathematical equations and textual descriptions, emphasizing the Modelica modeling approach. Simulation examples validate the implementation, demonstrating the multi-domain modeling capabilities of the newly developed components.

Performance Study of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Amorphous Alloy Considering Temperature Effect.

Because the magnetic properties of an amorphous alloy (AA) obviously change with the change of temperature, a finite element simulation method for a motor, considering the effect of temperature, is proposed in this paper. In the early design stage of the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the simulation of motor performance is mainly based on the magnetic performance test data at room temperature provided by the material's manufacturer. However, the influence of the temperature rise during the actual operation of the motor will lead to large errors between the simulation results and the measured results. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to measure the magnetic properties of the AA at different temperatures and use them for simulation purposes. In this paper, the magnetization characteristics and iron loss characteristics of the AA and silicon steel (ST100) used for comparison are measured at different temperatures, and the iron loss separation of the two materials at different temperatures is completed, and the hysteresis loss coefficient and eddy current loss coefficient at different temperatures are obtained. On this basis, the performance simulation of a motor model is carried out. The more accurate simulation method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the design of AA motors in industry.

Multi-motor average deviation coupling control strategy based on hyperbolic convergence law high-order sliding mode control using extended state sliding mode observer

This paper aims to develop a multi-motor synchronous drive control system for the direction of the width of the lifting arm of a catamaran. Firstly, we establish a mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor and introduce the composition of AC servo control systems. We then analyze the sources of control interference in multi-motor drive systems. Based on the mean deviation coupling control strategy of multi-motor synchronous control, we design a speed tracking controller and a speed synchronization controller using hyperbolic convergence law high-order sliding mode control. Then, we design an extended state sliding mode observer to estimate the unmodeled dynamics of the system in real time. We prove the global stability of the controller using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the control model is simulated, and the results confirm the effectiveness of the multi-motor synchronization control method based on the hyperbolic convergence law of higher-order sliding mode control. The control method effectively mitigates the jitter associated with traditional sliding mode control and demonstrates improved synchronization and tracking performance.

Assessment of Fractional and Integer Order Models of Induction Motor Using MATLAB/Simulink

The definition of derivatives and integrals of any real or complex order can be found in fractional calculus, which is an extension of ordinary calculus. Many real-world processes might be more accurately modeled by these fractional calculi. Flexibility and nonlocality are the two fundamental benefits of fractional derivatives. These derivatives, which are of fractional order, are more flexible than classical derivatives in how they might approach real data. Due to its applications in numerous domains, the fractional order model has grown in significance and popularity. The simulation results have been performed for three squirrel cage induction motors which have different parameter values. To perform fractional order calculus, the Fractional Order Modeling and Control (FOMCOM) toolbox has been added to MATLAB. To determine the value of the order of differentiation (α) that best represents the induction motor, speed and torque simulations for several orders of differentiation (α) were performed. According to the results of the speed and torque simulation, an integer order (α=1) model is the optimal representation of the induction motor. The main goal of this paper is to investigate which model, either integer or fractional order model, best represents an induction motor.

Fault‐tolerant control of current residual vector three‐phase four‐switch motor drive system based on MLD model

AbstractAiming at the problem of single‐phase switch tube open circuit fault in inverters, a current residual vector three‐phase four‐switch fault‐tolerant control strategy based on the mixed logic dynamic (MLD) model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system is proposed. Firstly, the MLD and three‐phase four‐switch mathematical models of the motor drive system are established and a calculation method of DC bus capacitance is proposed. Secondly, to improve the dynamic performance of the motor, an improved vector control based on the MLD model is proposed. Finally, by setting the threshold and dividing the area of the current residual vector, the accuracy of inverter fault diagnosis is improved, and the fast and smooth switching of the drive system after the fault is realized. Simulation and experimental results show that this strategy can effectively reduce the influence of calculation error and system noise, and has strong robustness for the change of motor speed and load.