Model Of Interaction Process Research Articles

遠隔地間協同設計におけるインタラクションプロセスの特徴

Architectural design needs collaboration of team. Recently, it becomes possible to carry out projects between distributed sites by using computer and Internet technology. For development of support system for architectural design collaboration, this paper focuses to clarify a framework of social interaction process about architectural design in a team. In this paper, we described a hypothetical model of interaction process consist of three phases : A) Expression B) Evaluation C) Acceptance about idea and design problem. And on the hypothesis of the model, we analyzed communication data logged in Design Collaboration on the Web 2001 project by Protocol Analysis method. As a result, we could describe characteristics of member's behavior in each interaction phase and some patterns of combination of interaction phases.

Magma mixing in the Sithonia Plutonic Complex, Greece: evidence from mafic microgranular enclaves

¶Mafic microgranular enclaves occur in most calc-alkaline granitoids, and it is widely accepted that they represent the remnants of basic magmas that interacted with more acid magmas. In this work we present new data on mafic microgranular enclaves occurring in the granodiorites of the Sithonia Plutonic Complex (Northern Greece). Enclave properties have been studied using different methods. Quantitative textural analysis has been carried out in order to decipher the crystallization history of enclaves once they have been entrained in the more acid and cooler host magma. In particular, the nucleation density (C), the mode (M) and the crystal index (n) of enclaves has been measured. Along with textural analysis, the size of enclaves has also been estimated using a method that, based on two-dimensional sections of enclaves, allows the estimation of volume of enclaves. Geochemical analyses have been performed to investigate the degree of chemical interaction that enclaves suffered from the host acid magma. The different data sets have been utilized to furnish a general evolutionary model of the magmatic interaction process between the basic and the acid magmas that led to the formation of the granodioritic host rock and related mafic microgranular enclaves. It is concluded that, as the magmatic interaction process proceeded, the crystallization of enclaves involved the nucleation of apatite and epidote (first stage of crystallization) followed by biotite, ± hornblende, plagioclase, and titanite (second stage of crystallization); the last minerals that nucleate were quartz and K-feldspar. During crystallization enclaves underwent contamination by the host acid magma through flow channels opened during the transfer of mineral phases from the host magma to the enclaves. When the two magmas attained similar rheological behaviour a two-end member mixing process was favoured inducing progressively more vigorous mixing dynamics. Volumetric analysis of enclaves indicates that the smaller ones suffered a more intense geochemical interaction compared to the larger ones. We interpret this evidence as being strictly related to the kinematics of the mixing process, the latter governed by chaotic dynamics. Enclaves are viewed as portions of the basic magma that did not mix completely with the acid host magma and survived the mixing process. Host rocks are considered as volumes of the magmatic system where the more efficient mixing dynamics produced different, generally higher, degrees of hybridisation.

Behavioral Models of Business Systems

Standard models of the behavior of business systems and a body of mathematics that underlies them are considered. The classes of flow, algorithmic, and process interaction models are singled out. For the formal description of these models, the application is shown of modifications of the Petri nets and also process-resource-object graphs (prographs). The outlined models and the methods based on them can be used in the development and improvement of information technologies for the creation and reformation of business systems.

The Effect of the Development of Groundwater Deposits on Its Fluorine Content

Synthesis of regime observations of groundwater quality at deposits under operation and thermodynamic modeling of the geochemical interaction processes that govern the groundwater chemistry were used to recognize the geochemical causes and processes that bring about an increase in the groundwater fluorine content during water withdrawal accompanied by groundwater level drop and partial drying of the aquifer. The causes of the invalidity of previous forecasts are established.

Interactive integrated marketing communication: combining the power of IMC, the new media and database marketing

The interactivity of the new electronic media requires that a database-driven segmentation approach to communication strategy be employed to take advantage of its uniqueness. To accomplish this, firms must develop ways of collecting information at the individual level by traditional and/or electronic means, and of using that data to create informationintensive customer communication strategies. These strategies should then employ the new media to generate interaction with customers. We term this approach ‘Interactive IMC’. In this article we propose and illustrate an interactive IMC process model.

A data-centric design for n-tier architecture

The increasing heterogeneity, complexity, and distributed nature of deployment architectures only serve to compound the problems faced by software solutions. With the advent of the Internet and web technologies, system designers have had to reevaluate the applicability of n-tier architectures, and assess which technologies are appropriate at each tier. In this paper we evaluate the design issues of n-tier architecture. We debate whether it is good to move code or data to communicate messages between applications. Based on the latest technology of J2EE and .NET framework, we recommend a data centric design of n-tier architecture. Based on our experience we also suggest a modified interactive software process model.

Innovation and Organizational Change: Developments Towards an Interactive Process Perspective

Since the 1980s researchers have gradually revised the assumptions and research methods guiding their investigation of innovation. The ascendancy of processual perspectives, and more recently interactive process perspectives, in place of normative-variance perspectives, represents a shift in opinion. Scholars now contend that innovation is best understood as a dynamic, ongoing process during which actions and institutional structures are inextricably linked. Scholars adopting an interactive process perspective have however, largely ignored how innovation influences the reproduction of organizations, in part, because the interactive process model is underdeveloped. This paper traces the demise and growth of different approaches in the study of innovation and develops an argument for why structuration theory would enable a significant advancement in the formation of an interactive process perspective. In doing so, a model of innovation as structuration process is developed illustrating how innovation can change the conditions governing the reproduction of an organizational repertoire. The modification of an organizational repertoire reflects the constraining and enabling aspects of the structural arrangements (stocks of knowledge, resources, interests) that simultaneously mediate and yet are an outcome of the actions of individuals involved in the innovation pose. This perspective is used to model the implementation of new products and processes in Alpha, a medium-sized enterprise involved in a Teaching Company Scheme Programme.

Thermodynamics of Interaction between Some Cellulose Ethers and SDS by Titration Microcalorimetry: I. EHEC and HPMC

The interaction between certain nonionic cellulose ethers (ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been investigated using isothermal titration microcalorimetry at temperatures between 25–50°C. The observed heat flow curves have been interpreted in terms of a plausible mechanism of the interaction of the substituent groups with SDS monomers and clusters. The data have been related to changes occuring in the system at the macro- and microscopic levels with the addition of surfactants and with temperature. The process consists predominantly of polymer–surfactant interactions initially and surfactant–surfactant interactions at the later stages. A phenomenological model of the cooperative interaction (adsorption) process has been derived, and earlier published equilibrium binding data have been used to recover binding constants and Gibbs energy changes for this process. The adsorption enthalpies and entropies have been recovered along with the heat capacity change. The enthalpic cost of confining the nonpolar regions of the polymers in surfactant clusters is high, but the entropy gain from release of hydration shell water molecules as well as increased freedom of movement of these nonpolar regions in the clusters gives the process a strong entropic driving force. The process is entropy-driven initially and converts to being both enthalpy and entropy-driven at high SDS concentrations. An enthalpy–entropy compensation behavior is seen. Strongly negative heat capacity changes have been obtained resulting from the transfer of nonpolar groups from aqueous into nonpolar environments, as well as a reduction of conformational domains that the chains can populate. Changes in these two components cause the heat capacity change to become less negative at the higher binding levels. The system can be classified as exhibiting nonclassical hydrophobic binding at the later stages of binding.

Planning and Implementing a Finance System for Early Intervention Services

This article discusses an interactive process model and related technical assistance strategies for planning and implementing a finance system for early intervention services. The process model emphasizes collaboration with key stakeholders, vision development, identification of existing and needed resources, problem analysis, strategy development, and implementation. This article details the application of the planning process steps within the framework of three case examples. Evaluation measures are discussed, and outcome results for the three state case examples are presented. Implications for the utility of the model for strategic planning for systems change are considered.

Structural dynamic analysis using the Interacting Objects Process Model

The Interacting Objects Process Model (IOPM) is an object-oriented approach to software design. The IOPM is naturally parallel and presents powerful new opportunities for the modelling of complex physical processes including flexible local behaviour models, interrogation methods similar to those used in artificial intelligence and self monitoring methods for more effective reliability management. The development of the IOPM for linear/nonlinear continuum problems in structural dynamics is presented. Finite element knowledge is used to model stiffness and mass properties but the approach differs from conventional finite element programming in that no assembly of matrices is required and behaviour can be monitored at a local level.

Structural dynamic analysis on a connection machine

The Interacting Objects Process Model is a naturally parallel way of representing processes based on a ‘connectionist’ approach. It provides powerful new opportunities for the modelling of complex systems including flexible local behaviour models, interrogation methods similar to those used in artificial intelligence and self monitoring methods for more effective reliability management. The development of the IOPM for structural dynamic analysis using the massively parallel Connection Machine CM-200 is reported here. Examples include idealised systems of springs and masses and continuum structural systems using finite element relations. The performance compared to that of the IOPM on a sequential machine is analysed.

Re-engineering tools: the CPR System Models

Modeling is a critical step for understanding and improving a system's performance. This paper presents a new, integrated approach to modeling management systems. Each of the modeling concepts utilized in this new approach covers a different perspective of the system. These models have the ability to portray management systems, processes and responsibilities as well as communication channels. The four models used are the Communication Model, the Process Interaction Model, the Responsibility Matrix, and the Workmapping System Model, i.e. the CPR System Models. The reason for giving these models this medical acronym is that they have been used successfully in various case studies to revive management systems in order to be able to compete in the future. This paper cites some of the benefits gained as a result of applying these descriptive tools to re-engineering construction planning systems. This integrated approach to modeling provides a foundation for effective re-engineering effort.

Gyroton

The gyroton is a multi-stage amplifier of an initially rectilinear relativistic electron beam (REB), in which modulation (circular scanning) of the REB is accomplished in rotating fields of a chain of modulating circular cavities. The REB energy extraction takes place in long cavities under the condition of electron cyclotron resonance with the rotating field. A relativistic mathematical model of the nonlinear interaction process is defined and gyroton designs with different types of output resonator modes are compared.

Heterogeneous/homogeneous reaction and transport coupling during flame-wall interaction

The effect of surface chemistry and transport modeling on the head-on quenching process of laminar propane/air and methane/air flames is investigated numerically. The fully compressible, one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with detailed mechanisms for diffusion and chemical kinetcs (gas-phase and surface) are solved using a sixth-order finite-difference scheme in space and a third-order Runge-Kutta scheme in time. Important applications are in the modeling of flame-wall interaction processes in piston engines, their related experimental measurements, and general surface chemistry modeling. The latter is due to the interaction being unsteady in contrast to typical boundary layer or stagnation point flow studies over reactive surfaces. Also the surface response takes place in the high coverage zone. It is found that in order to simulate quenching at higher wall temperatures accurately, the process of diffusion, adsorbtion, and surface recombination especially for the free radical H and OH have to be described. This results in an increasing wall heat flux with wall temperature in excellent agreement with existing experimental data If the participation of the surface in the reaction channels of the near-wall gas-phase species is excluded (either because of the physical surface properties or because of the boundary treatment in the simulations), the quenching structure is completely changed with strongly exothermic radical recombination reactions dominating the interaction. The developed detailed surface mechanism contains 10 reactions involving four surface species, and seven gas-phase species. It takes into account the breakdown of the Langmuir adsorption concept for high surface coverages and includes a precursor-state model for the adsorption of H 2 , H, and OH.

A parallelism analyzer for conservative parallel simulation

Most small-scale simulation applications are implemented by sequential simulation techniques. As the problem size increases, however, sequential techniques may be unable to manage the time complexity of the simulation applications adequately. It is natural to consider re-implementing the corresponding large-scale simulations using parallel techniques, which have been reported to be successful in reducing the time complexity for several examples. However, parallel simulation may not be effective for every application. Since the implementation of parallel simulation for an application is usually very expensive, it is required to investigate the performance of parallel simulation for a particular application before re-implementing the simulation. The Chandy-Misra parallel, discrete-event simulation paradigm has been utilized in many large-scale simulation experiments, and several significant extensions have been based on it. Hence the Chandy-Misra protocol is adopted here as a basic model of parallel simulation to which our performance prediction techniques are applied. For an existing sequential simulation program based on the process interaction model, this paper proposes a technique for evaluating Chandy-Misra parallel simulation without actually implementing the parallel program. The idea is to insert parallelism analysis code into the sequential simulation program. When the modified sequential program is executed, the time complexity of the parallel simulation based on the Chandy-Misra protocol is computed. Our technique has been used to determine whether a giant Signaling System 7 simulation (sequential implementation) should be re-implemented using the parallel simulation approach. >

An interacting objects physical process model

An Interacting Objects Process Model (IOPM) for physical process modelling is presented. The objectives behind the development of the model are to enhance the capability for simulating complex processes by providing a naturally parallel structure for the model, to develop the concept of “appropriate physics” for practical problem solving, and to enable the use of interrogation techniques as in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, whilst all objectives are discussed, attention is focused on the first objective, on the details of the model and its use in solid mechanics. The central idea of the IOPM is that a body can be considered as a set of objects, identified by qualitative reasoning to represent locally defined elements of a material, all behaving in parallel, and interacting with each other through an exchange of messages. The model is based on an “object-oriented” paradigm in which elements are represented by “objects” or computer data structures containing both variables and procedures. Some numerical experiments in solid mechanics are presented in which results obtained from the IOPM compare well with standard solutions. The initial results of a multi degree-of-freedom non-linear simulation involving deterministic chaos are presented to demonstrate the model.

SYSTEM ENGINEERING CONCEPT DEMONSTRATION (SECD) PROCESS MODEL

AbstractThis technical paper will present a summary of the SECD Process Model Task sponsored by Rome Laboratory at Griffiss Air Force Base, New York. An introduction to the SECD Program is presented in the “SECD ‐ Overview” [LaMonica 1992]. The SECD Process Model is a system acquisition and development model with emphasis on system engineering activities over the entire system life cycle. The Process Model is a graphical and textual representation of the system engineering life cycle activities, agents, flows, feedbacks, and work products. This interactive Process Model provides a multidimensional view of government acquisition and contractor development activities. In the context of the SECD Program, the Process Model validates the System /Segment Specification (SSS) requirements and demonstrates coverage and completeness of the system engineering process.

Dynamic Models of Dissent and Repression

The connection between dissent and repression has been the topic of much theory and empirical research, but little agreement on the relationship can be found. We reconceptualize the linkage in terms of an interactive process model of changes in the grievances and resourcemobilizations of dissident movement and regime countermovement. Diachronic modeling is proposed as superior to the cross-sectional approach for unraveling dissent-repression interactions. Dynamic modeling techniques are employed to experiment with three linear “mutuality models” using the scope and intensity dimensions of dissent and repression. Our findings reveal significant similarities and differences among the models studied that would be difficult to intuit from conventional methods. Dynamic modeling of complex rivalry relationships emerges as a potentially useful methodology for constructing effective policies of conflict resolution.

Stress and anxiety: Conceptual and assessment issues

AbstractThere is considerable confusion and disagreement in the psychological and psychiatric literature regarding the meaning of stress and anxiety. The present discussion offers several important distinctions between the two constructs, and outlines some causal relationships between them. Special emphasis is placed on the methodological issues involved in assessing anxiety. The usefulness of distinguishing between state and trait anxiety is discussed, along with treating both of these constructs as multidimensional. The interactional model of anxiety is examined and some recent empirical support for this approach is reviewed. The discussion concludes with a brief summary of an interaction process model of anxiety, stress and coping.

Teacher-student verbal communication patterns in regular and special classrooms

Patterns of verbal communications between a teacher and student can influence the classroom environment, quality of the instructional program, and student management in the classroom. This study examined teacher-student communication patterns in both regular and special education classes for behaviorally and emotionally handicapped students. It was expected that special class communication patterns would differ substantially from those used in regular classes. Those communications would result in more effective student management and more time on-task for learning. Webster's (1984, 1986) Process Interaction Model was used to analyze the communication patterns. Expected differences between how regular and special class teachers interact with students were not found. Implications of findings are discussed in relationship to teacher training, teacher effectiveness, and classroom management.