Model Of Economic Integration Research Articles

The impact of logistic performance on intra-ASEAN trade

ASEAN has gone a long way in deepening its regional economic cooperation, particularly its trade liberalization. However, ASEAN has comparatively less intraregional trade than the European Union, whose economic integration model they aspire to emulate. As reducing tariffs was no longer an efficient way to increase trade, this study analyzes logistics performance as another factor that may affect trade. Using the gravity model with bilateral trade data from 10 ASEAN member states from 2007 to 2018 with gaps, the results show that the majority of improvements in logistics performance, by both the private sector and government alike, have positive and significant impacts on export value. This finding implies that the collaboration between the private sector and government agencies to improve logistics performance in each ASEAN member state is imperative to foster ASEAN intra-regional trade further.

Is an Economic Integration a Stimulus for Convergence? Analysis of European Union’s Last Enlargement

This study investigates the issue of the economic integration model's stimulus for convergence between the countries. As an example, the European Union, which is a successful model of economic integration, is taken. With the last enlargement wave of the European Union, the convergence of new members that joined the Union after 2000 was analyzed. Real convergence is estimated by using log regression model and nominal convergence is analyzed with the help of Convergence Reports. The results show that participation in an economic integration and also trade openness contribute to convergence in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth among members. Trade openness is a stimulus for convergence in GDP growth in former members and new members, apart from the crisis and recovery years (2008-2013). It can be said that being included in an economic integration has a positive effect on trade openness, GDP growth and GDP per capita. Convergence was seen in 2000-2007 and 2014-2020 periods. In the 2008-2013 period, divergence was observed. The divergence experienced during the crisis years showed that nominal convergence was not sufficient to achieve harmonized growth and to overcome the crisis. In the European Union, a more harmonized growth can be achieved if real convergence is also taken into account.

Growth effects of economic integration: New evidence from the Belt and Road Initiative

This paper uses the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R), an exogenous innovative model of economic integration proposed by China, to examine the growth effects of economic integration on local economies. From 2013 to 2019, more than 120 countries successively participated in the B&R, which intensified the regional integration and interdependence of B&R countries. Employing a difference-in-differences estimation methodology that exploits the cross-country, cross-time variation in the timing of participation in the Belt and Road Initiative, the author finds that the Belt and Road Initiative materially improved the economic performance of local economies, with particularly strong effects for lower-income countries. This paper also provides suggestive evidence that the growth effects can be interpreted in terms of foreign trade and foreign direct investment inwards.

Moments in the trajectory of the State in the Amazon: preamble between the economic integration model and the sectorial investments of the Constitutional Finance Fund for the North and the Amazon Development Fund in Carajás, Pará

This article aims to analyze two moments in the trajectory of investments by the State in the Amazon, more specifically in the region of Carajás, which united experiences for Brazilian economic integration and productive modernization and that reverberated throughout the phenomena of underdevelopment. In relation to the first moment, from 1972 to 1988, the gestation period of the export poles in the Amazon, an analysis was conducted of institutional documents from SUDAM: PDA, Polamazônia, and the Great Carajás Program. With regard to the second moment, from 2003 to 2018, reports from the Constitutional Finance Fund for the North (FNO), the activities developed, and the results obtained for the years 2012 to 2018 were compared with reports from the Amazon Development Fund (FDA), together with the Evaluation Reports for 2006-2014 and 2015-2016. With a review of the distribution of resources by the FNO and the FDA it was possible to verify that the productive dynamics, such as mining, agriculture and livestock and electricity infrastructure, historically encouraged by the State, conditioned the concentration of these resources in Carajás, aligned in a vicious circle of political and economic dependence on these activities.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ

The study of theoretical concepts of economic integration is carried out. The results of the survey showed that the formation of the integration model is taking place in accordance with the interests and goals of the participating countries. The economic integration of developing countries allows them to increase their competitiveness through new sales markets and the resulting economies of scale. The integration processes of developed countries have the ultimate goal of better resource allocation. Unlike developed countries, developing countries pursue the goals of faster growth in the long term and the involvement of unused or underutilized resources in production, changes in the structure of trade with the rest of the world, and increased international competitiveness. In developed countries, economic integration usually precedes political integration. And the motives for economic integration among developing countries are often political in nature. Thus, for the success of integration, a combination of not only economic but also favorable political factors is necessary. The widespread polarized models - the highly institutionalized European model of integration and the flexible project-oriented Asian model – predetermined the emergence of a new hybrid form. A distinctive feature of the new model of economic integration is the combination of a course towards liberalization, an emphasis on infrastructure development, the absence of political requirements, the possibility of making changes and additions during implementation.

Integration Model of the European Economic Area: Symmetric or Asymmetric?

Summary Research in this article is focused on the analysis of the character of the European Economic Area. It presents a common market for thirty states from European Union (27) and European Free Trade Association (3) established by the Agreement on the European Economic Area. When regarding the size, EU is the bigger player in this relationship compared to EFTA States. On the other side, regarding the principles of international law, parties are equal to each other. These initial thoughts raised author´s interest to find out, whether this economic integration model is symmetric or asymmetric in its nature, regarding its contracting parties. Article provides an answer to this question as well as an insight on the consequences of such regime.

Improving economic position of Vietnam in Asean Economic Community (AEC) from the global integration perspectives

After participating in ASEAN, and through various dialogue mechanisms, Vietnam now has become a more important and comprehensive economic member of the ASEAN Economic Community. This study focuses on analyzing the process of participating in the ASEAN Community and the roles and contributions of Vietnam in this organization to affirms Vietnam's position in the process of forming the AEC and demonstrates Vietnam's priorities for the integration process. The paper uses the primary and secondary data by using tools of desk research of different data in relativeness and by the quantitative method by using the Cobb-Doughlas function with a logarithmic form. The paper confirms the integration of Vietnam's economy into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is an inevitable development after the achieved results of ASEAN's cooperation and economic connection. The AEC is an open regional economic integration model. The implementation of the AEC will bring in multi-dimensional impacts on member countries, and the extent of these impacts will depend on the level of regional and international economic integration, competitiveness, and effectiveness of policy reform in each country.

Improving economic position of Vietnam in Asean Economic Community (AEC) from the global integration perspectives

After participating in ASEAN, and through various dialogue mechanisms, Vietnam now has become a more important and comprehensive economic member of the ASEAN Economic Community. This study focuses on analyzing the process of participating in the ASEAN Community and the roles and contributions of Vietnam in this organization to affirms Vietnam's position in the process of forming the AEC and demonstrates Vietnam's priorities for the integration process. The paper uses the primary and secondary data by using tools of desk research of different data in relativeness and by the quantitative method by using the Cobb-Doughlas function with a logarithmic form. The paper confirms the integration of Vietnam's economy into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is an inevitable development after the achieved results of ASEAN's cooperation and economic connection. The AEC is an open regional economic integration model. The implementation of the AEC will bring in multi-dimensional impacts on member countries, and the extent of these impacts will depend on the level of regional and international economic integration, competitiveness, and effectiveness of policy reform in each country.

Drawing hidden figures of disability: youth and adults with disabilities in Canada

Background: While governments draw on survey data to inform policy choices, the design, application, and interpretation of surveys can generate certain images of disability and ignore many others. Aims and objectives: This article draws attention to social circumstances of people with disabilities often unacknowledged in research evidence: hidden figures of disability. Methods: Selected results from the Canadian Survey on Disability are examined with a focus on working-age youth and adults (aged 15 to 64) with a range of disabilities. Findings: Five figures of disability and corresponding conceptual models are identified. These hidden figures of disability are the uncounted, those with needs unsupported, youth in multiple transitions, potential workers, and what may be called ‘the fearful’. Several models of disability are identified intersecting with the evidence. These are the absent citizen, biomedical model and charitable model, social and economic integration model, human rights and full citizenship, and psycho-emotional model of affective disablism and ableism. Discussion: Hidden figures of disability are more than statistical tests and texts; more than calculations derived from quantitative research where people become a data point. The function of drawing hidden figures is to disclose and describe the bodily experiences of people with disabilities in their social positions and structural contexts. Conclusion: We need to see the production of evidence for policy not as painting a portrait but as portraits in the plural, and appreciate not only what is in the frame but also what faces and forms of knowledge get glossed over or brushed aside.

New Brunswick’s Acadia and Francophone Immigrants: A Model of Economic Integration in the Margins

In the early 2000s, New Brunswick’s Acadia, a Canadian Francophone minority community, became a host community for French-speaking immigrants through activism and the law. The discourse of some of its elites and community organisations is very positive about immigration. However, faced with a multi-dimensional institutional incompleteness in the area of immigration, Acadia erects borders in core sectors of its labour market, namely French-language education and health services. Francophone immigrants are thus pushed to the margins of its labour market, and more precisely to circumstantial and structural employment niches. They realise that they have been selected to take part in French-speaking life and to strengthen the vitality of their host community, but they cannot be part of the French-speaking society as a result of identity issues leading to discriminatory social relationships that prevent them from being fully included in their new host community. A segmented and juxtaposed local Francophonie is thus beginning to emerge due to the lack of integration of immigrants in the Francophone labour market.

Model of Economic Integration of the University in the World Educational Space

The development of the modern economy of the 21st century and the sustainable development of cities are inextricably linked. The modern economy is a continuous process of economic integration of all subjects of economic life of society. The participation of universities in the development of cities plays a huge role. Economic integration is a factor of improvement of quality and competitiveness of the university on the world educational field. The article substantiates the importance of economic integration in the structure of the university strategy. A model of economic integration of the University was developed, also the KIU indicator of the author’s methodology which was made for assessing the level of economic integration of the University, which are universal and adaptive. The methodology has been tested on the example of the Perm State National Research University (PSNRU). We conducted a correlation analysis, which showed the dependence of the level of GRP and KIU on the example of PSNRU and Perm Krai. The directly proportional relationship of the studied indicators has been proven. The authors made detailed conclusions and recommendations on the application of the model and methodology.

Developing Natuna: Integrating Tourism, Marine and Infrastructure Strategies towards Implementing Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum

Marine waters in Natuna Regency are rich in oil and gas, but the population has ever received significant benefits since there is no oil and gas channeled to the Natuna land. The channels are only to Singapore and Malaysia. This is because the Natuna development has not been a priority for the central government and there is also a central government intervention in oil and gas management. Natuna is only given the authority to manage tourism and fisheries. Natuna is declared as a strategic area for fisheries and marine tourism because 99.25% of the Natuna region consists of sea, and it is hoped that these two sectors will be able to increase the economy in Natuna. This, along with the Indonesia’s vision on Global Maritime Fulcrum, was carried out to increase the Maritime Economic Potential. In addition, Natuna is included in the planning of the implementation of Global Maritime Fulcrum with the Sea Toll Program which provides a Logistics Center that originates from a synergy with state-owned enterprises in Natuna Port. This paper discusses the conditions for developing tourism, fisheries and the existence of infrastructure specifically Sea Tolls in Natuna. By observing and interviewing stakeholders and business activists, this study found out that despite various efforts to develop Natuna tourism, it was still hampered by transportation, infrastructure and promotion problems. Obstacles in the fisheries sector due to the character of local fishermen, lack of fish processing technology and huge number of illegal fishing. Whereas the obstacle in the field of goods distribution is the Sea Toll Program which is of little help due to the trip schedules of ships which are only twice a month. The fishermen's catch has become no longer fresh and cannot be sold at high prices. There should be special treatment for Natuna by developing a model of economic integration of Maritime and Tourism with adequate infrastructures.

Lessons from the European Union’s Economic Integration for South Asian Regionalism

South Asian regionalism—mainly represented by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)—has always been vulnerable to the influence of the long-standing bilateral disputes, and South Asian intra-regional trade and economic cooperation is limited. This article examines economic integration in Europe, from the 1950s to Britain’s decision to exit from the European Union (EU) in 2016, in order to identify possible lessons for the SAARC. In particular, this article makes use of Gürler’s model of economic integration to propose a way forward for economic cooperation through the SAARC. While the full implementation of the EU’s model of economic integration appears to be a distant reality for the SAARC, this article argues that a revitalized SAARC is nonetheless a suitable vehicle for pursuing a gradual process of economic cooperation in South Asia that may ultimately lead not only to economic integration but also the resolution of political disputes.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ "БРИКС ПЛЮС"

This research paper aims to assess whether BRICS Plus initiative ensures integration in the developing world by promoting cooperation between the regional institutions at which the BRICS countries play a leading role. There are five major areas of partnership under the BRICS Plus model. Although BRICS plus initiative promotes integration to some extent, there are risks to miss out on cooperation with other developing countries that are not members of the regional organizations mentioned in the paper. Hence, a decentralized model of economic integration would allow many other developing countries to be involved in cooperation with the BRICS and become a part of large-scale economic partnership.

Sustainable Development i n ECOWAS: A Super Highway Study

Over the last four decades, countries in West Africa sub-region have continued to search for an economic integration model through which its socio-economic prosperity will be enhanced. However, despite numerous sub-regional summits, little has been achieved to date in terms of sustainable economic development thus securing an almost permanent seat for the region as one of the world poorest. While regional integration is increasingly being accepted as essential in facilitating socio-economic growth, various accounts from the extant literature indicates that the lack of political will by ECOWAS leaders, among other concomitant factors, have led to the region’s inability to drive home the lofty ideas as contained in its numerous protocols. This paper examines the critical factors that have hampered socio-economic growth in the West Africa sub-region and highlights the imperative of an ECOWAS Super Highway as a driving force for the rapid transformation of a region so rich in human and materials resources yet is nested in a web of abject poverty. The study adopts survey method for its data collection. Data were collected by means of self-designed questionnaire designed on a 5-point Likert scale. The SPSS data software was used in the empirical analysis. Three main hypotheses were formulated and tested for this study. Results from this study indicate a strong association between a super Highway and improve economic integration in the ECOWAS sub-region. Our study further reveals that a Super Highway will serve to promote political stability within the ECOWAS sub-region, although not to a significant extent. Our findings also show that the challenge of language will be highly mitigated if an ECOWAS Super Highway is in place as this will aid in bridging the cultural divide that has existed between its Anglo-phone and Franco-Phone member-states. As a policy-driven research, this study has implications for theory and practice. The study makes original contribution to knowledge as the empirical literature is enriched. Furthermore, the study provides a platform that brings the ECOWAS Super Highway conundrum to both regional and International conversations. Finally, the paper provides an opportunity for further research to assist regional policy formulation particularly as it affects cross-border transportation system within the ECOWAS sub-region.

«New Angarstroy» as a Project of Non-Raw Materials Integration of Economies of Russia and China

The article is dedicated to the project «New Angarstroy» (Baikal-Amur Superindustrial Complex) which is being developed, first of all, to meet the needs of the development of the Russian economy, as well as in the context of non-raw material cooperation of Russia, China, Mongolia and other countries. The authors explain the expediency of the transition from a raw-material model of economic integration of Russia and China to a non-raw material one. They outline the «New Angarstroy» project, a key part of which is the organization of the largest metallurgical production of national scale, including a high-quality full-cycle ferrous metallurgy (with iron direct reduction and electrometallurgy) and titanium-magnesium industry. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the transport component of the project as the railway transport plays an important role of in the functioning of the technological flow-stage scheme of the superindustrial complex, the enormous scale of the planned production and, accordingly, the transported cargoes, certain limited capacity of the main Siberian railways. It is planned to organize the transportation of products in the internal production cycle of the Baikal-Amur Superindustrial Complex according to the pendulum principle; the authors identified the need to implement large-scale programs for the radical modernization of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the entire Siberian railway system. They describe the benefits of constructing the railway connection of the Transsib and BAM by the Mogzon - Novy Uoyan line with the goal of ensuring effective transition of products of «New Angarstroy» across the external international pendulum - Central Russia - Northeast China.

Proposal for a Model of Economic Integration for the Development of Industry in Cabinda, Angola

Proposal for a Model of Economic Integration for the Development of Industry in Cabinda, Angola

Model Integrasi Ekonomi Maritim Dan Pariwisata Di Daerah Guna Peningkatan Ekonomi Indonesia Timur

Pertumbuhan ekonomi maritim dan ekonomi pariwisata semakin meningkat didukung program Tol Laut. Data BPS (2016) menyatakan jumlah kunjungan wisman ke Indonesia selama Januari-April 2016 mencapai 3,52 juta kunjungan atau naik 7,51 persen dibandingkan dengan jumlah kunjungan wisman pada periode yang sama tahun 2015, yang tercatat sebanyak 3,27 juta kunjungan. Selain itu terkait ekonomi maritim, data BPS menyatakan jumlah barang yang diangkut pelayaran dalam negeri April 2016 mencapai 20,8 juta ton atau naik 1,98 persen dibandingkan bulan sebelumnya dan naik 16,50 persen dibandingkan bulan yang sama tahun 2015. Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia Timur harus dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh Pemerintah dengan mengembangkan Model Integrasi Ekonomi Maritim dan Pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemodelan, pemetaan dan kelayakan ekonomis Integrasi Ekonomi Maritim dan Pariwisata di daerah guna peningkatan ekonomi Indonesia Timur, disertai pembuatan Sistem Informasi Geografis yang mendukung pengembangan ekonomi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tahun 2017-2018, Tahun Pertama adalah pemodelan, pemetaan dan analisis kelayakan Model Integrasi Ekonomi Maritim dan Pariwisata di daerah guna peningkatan ekonomi Indonesia Timur. Hasil penelitian dipublikasikan dalam Seminar/Proceeding Internasional, Jurnal Internasional terindex Scopus, serta diajukan ke Kementerian Hukum dan HAM untuk mendapatkan HKI Hak Cipta atas aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis pengembangan Integrasi Ekonomi Maritim dan Pariwisata di Indonesia Timur.

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

The article discusses the key issues of achieving the goals of modernization, namely, China's interaction with the world economy. Chinese economists believe that the process of globalization cannot be stopped, but it can be radically changed and directed to the benefit of China's economy, most likely with the help of transnational corporations. The revitalization of integration processes among developing countries has been observed against the backdrop of the successful development of the Western European model of economic integration. In this way, integration first affected the sphere of production and then the sphere of mutual trade. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of adaptation to the changing economic conditions and innovative development of business structures operating in international business and the proposal of specific schemes for their construction in accordance with the world markets requirements. Notice that, there is a change in the principles of regional integration development at the present stage. Developing countries are actively seeking to participate in integration processes, since the leading powers prefer to use territorial disputes in their foreign policy and there is a risk of potential threats from border states. For centuries, China has held the leading position in the world in terms of quality of life. However, modern China is not one of the developed countries in any of the established classifications, and therefore the current work explores the modernization theories of the economies of developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the entire world trade, production, trade and logistics chains have been destroyed, stock indices are declining, industrial production has been suspended, oil prices have collapsed, demand for goods is reorienting. Since China is the main trade partner of Ukraine and many Ukrainian enterprises are associated with the PRC by purchasing both goods or components for their production, it clearly will not affect our trade relations for the better.

Regional encounters: explaining the divergent responses to the EU’s support for regional integration in Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific

In this article, we map and explain the unevenness of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) responses to the EU’s external promotion of regional integration in the context of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). Although the controversies associated with the EPAs are typically attributed to a common set of problems, what remains to be fully explained is why these manifested themselves to a greater or lesser extent in different national and regional contexts. We account for this variance as a product of the degree of congruence between the institutional trajectory of individual regional projects and the model of economic integration prescribed by the EU in its post-Lomé prospectus for the ACP. We describe this congruence as either ‘high’, ‘medium’ or ‘low’ and use this explanatory model to account for variances in ACP responses to the EPAs, which would otherwise provide an untidy fit with accounts preoccupied with the economic determinants of bargaining outcomes.