Models Of Good Practice Research Articles

Social inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders and mothers’ mental health in two Arabic-speaking countries: a mediational model of culture and resilience

Objectives Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been reported to be more likely to experience lower levels of mental health as a result of the increased challenges associated with care provision and social inclusion of their children. Social inclusion in Arab countries differs in terms of quality and practices due to ecological and cultural variations. Based on an expected impact of culture and resilience, this study investigated the relationship between social inclusion practices and mothers’ mental health in two Arabic-speaking countries. Methods A total sample of 660 mothers of children with ASD from Oman and Egypt participated in the study and were administered measures of perceived social inclusion practices, mental health, and resilience. Results Multi-group path analyses showed that culture and resilience have an impact on the association between social inclusion practices and mothers’ mental health. Conclusions Our findings have significant implications for social inclusion practices. They underscore the need to build mothers’ resilience to improve their mental health. Additionally, social inclusion practices need to be prioritized by policy makers and professionals in Arab countries in order to develop a model of best practices of social inclusion across Arab countries.

The wisdom layer: how to support evidence-informed policymaking

Abstract One of the returning challenges faced by public health scientists is bridging the ‘evidence-policy gap’-the disparity between identifying public health issues and implementing policies to address them. Despite the extensive literature documenting the challenges of promoting evidence-informed policymaking, opportunities for researchers to exchange experiences and learn from each other’s failures are limited. This presentation seeks to: (a) analyze key concepts in evidence-informed policymaking, based on the health information pyramid; (b) identify obstacles and facilitators in the translation of knowledge into actionable policy; and (c) present both successful and unsuccessful examples from our initiatives to influence health policy in Belgium. Specifically, we will discuss the concrete impact of the Belgian Health Status Report and the role this report plays in the development of actionable health objectives for Belgium. We will also cover the role of healthybelgium.be in governing and monitoring the health status of the Belgian population by discussing why this website has been recognized by WHO Europe as a model of good practice in evidence-informed policymaking.

1.Q. Round table: Primary healthcare workforce crisis in Europe: global policy discourse and national implementation

Abstract Background Primary healthcare (PHC) has emerged as a powerful global concept, but little attention has been directed towards the pivotal role of the healthcare workforce and the diverse institutional setting in which they work. Recent WHO efforts have underscored the challenges in aligning the global PHC-oriented model with national health systems, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to fulfil diverse needs and contexts. Although significant progress has been made in advancing PHC, some gaps persist, particularly surrounding the integration of PHC and healthcare workforce debates and its prioritisation within national health agendas. These gaps lead to disconnects between PHC policy implementation and workforce considerations, exasperating the existing workforce crisis and obstructing effective service delivery. Objectives This workshop bridges the gap between PHC workforce policy and the ongoing healthcare workforce crisis, focusing on the European region and different types of health systems, socio-economic conditions, health labour markets and workforce compositions. We apply a health system and multi-level governance approach, arguing the need for greater attention to the implementation of global policy concepts and the diverse national and regional conditions, interests, and needs. The workshop begins with an overview of the PHC workforce situation, presenting novel results drawn from European comparative research and nine selected country case studies, followed by a panel discussion. The panellists provide in-depth evidence on various PHC workforce challenges and introduce illustrative examples of policy interventions and good-practice models coming from the case countries. Insights from the WHO Centre for Primary Health Care advance the debate by highlighting strategies and capacity for transformative PHC workforce policies, and the need for further investigation to critically align global and national approaches. The policy recommendations emerging from the panel will be critically reflected in a plenary discussion. The workshop will stimulate debate and improve knowledge exchange across countries, in particular in the WHO European region, as well as between research, policy and practice. It will strengthen both the PHC model and the healthcare workforce, and finally advance the building of resilient health systems. Key messages • Shift the primary healthcare debate from idealistic attributes to actionable implementation strategies, emphasising policy dynamics, political contexts, and diverse stakeholder interests. • Understand the various PHC-oriented models and their dynamics to determine the necessary quantity, competencies, and composition of HCWs and how they can be governed effectively to implement PHC.

Enhancing Digital Education: A Model for Effective Mobile Learning Implementation in Malaysian Higher Education

This study investigates the implementation of mobile learning (m-learning) services in the smart environment at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA (KPTM) in Malaysia, focusing on establishing effective practices for digital education. Despite the potential of m-learning as an educational tool, its adoption in Malaysia remains limited, with the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the need for innovative approaches to learning. The research employs a mixed methods approach, gathering quantitative data from 365 respondents, including students, lecturers, and administrators, through Likert-scale questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with 10 selected participants. The study identifies existing practices in m-learning, explores its benefits, and examines challenges faced during implementation. Utilizing descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, Independent T-Test, and Regression Correlation, the findings reveal a positive perception of m-learning among stakeholders, alongside challenges related to infrastructure and training. The primary contribution of this research is the development of a model of good practice that provides guidelines for KPTM and other higher education institutions aiming to enhance the quality of mobile learning services. This model emphasizes the importance of accessibility, professional development, and stakeholder collaboration, positioning KPTM toward a more effective digital education landscape. Overall, the study underscores the critical role of m-learning in fostering flexible and engaging learning environments while addressing the barriers to its implementation in Malaysia.

Developing An Initial Best Practice Model For Inpatient Equivalent Psychiatric Home Treatment From The Perspective Of Service Users: Consensus Process With Participatory Features

Inpatient-Equivalent Home Treatment (IEHT) for mental health is new in Germany and therefore requires quality development. A best practice model (BPM) for IEHT is being developed from a service user perspective. 1. Collection and organization of evidence (literature review; n=55 interviews with service users), 2. qualitative analysis and formulation of criteria; 3. consensus and grouping of criteria (Delphi process). 58 Best practice criteria were developed in 8 groups: 1. Information, access and crisis management; 2. Treatment framework, end of treatment and continuity; 3. Scheduling, organization of contacts and flexibility; 4. Practical support and activation; 5. Treatment and therapy services; 6. Treatment team and staff; 7. Relatives, caregivers and community; and 8. Privacy and behavior in the home environment. The BPM provides initial guidance for a user-centered assessment of the implementation of IEHT.

Virtual Classroom Management Best Practices of Grade School Teachers of St. Paul University Surigao: A Phenomenology

This hermeneutic interpretive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of grade school teachers managing virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic at St. Paul University Surigao. Eleven teachers from various grade levels were interviewed, and data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Five emergent themes were identified: 1) Teachers’ perception of classroom management, 2) Teachers’ authority and management of virtual classes, 3) Benefits of online classes, 4) Challenges in conducting virtual classes, and 5) Best virtual classroom management practices. The study found that teachers demonstrated resilience and adaptability in transitioning to online teaching, while highlighting both the benefits (e.g., flexibility, cost savings) and challenges (e.g., internet connectivity, student engagement) of virtual classrooms. Based on these findings, a "Simulacrum" model of best practices for virtual classroom management, aligned with the university’s vision and values, was proposed. The study offers valuable insights for educators navigating online teaching and emphasizes the importance of continued support and professional development in this evolving landscape.

Bringing PERT to Pediatrics: Initial Experience and Outcomes of a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT)

IntroductionMultidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERTs) streamline care of adults with life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). Given rarity of pediatric PE, developing a clinical, educational, and research PERT paradigm is a novel and underutilized concept in pediatrics. Research QuestionIs PERT feasible in pediatrics, and does it improve PE care? Study Design and MethodsA strategy-to-execution proposal to launch a pediatric PERT was developed for institutional buy-in. Key stakeholders collectively implemented PERT. Data were collected for the two-year pre- and post-PERT eras, and outcomes were compared. ResultsPERT implementation took 12 months. Our PERT, led by hematology, comprises of pediatric experts in emergency medicine, critical care, interventional cardiology, anesthesiology, and interventional radiology. Data on 30 patients pre-PERT and 31 post-PERT were analyzed. Pre-PERT, 10%(3/30), 13%(4/30), 20%(6/30), and 57%(17/30), and post-PERT, 3%(1/31), 10%(3/31), 16%(5/31), and 71%(22/31) were categorized as high-risk, intermediate-LOW risk, intermediate-HIGH risk, and low-risk PE, respectively. Post-PERT, there were 13 unique PERT activations. PERT was activated on all eligible PE patients and, additionally, on four low-risk PEs. Time-to-echocardiogram was shorter post-PERT (4.7 hrs vs 2 hrs, P=0.0147). Anticoagulation was ordered (90 min vs 54 min, P=0.003) and given sooner (154 min vs 113 min, P=0.049) post-PERT. There were no differences in time-to-reperfusion therapies (12 hrs pre-PERT vs 8.7 hrs post-PERT, P=0.1). Five (83.3%) of six eligible (intermediate-HIGH and high-risk) patients received reperfusion therapies in the post-PERT era compared to three (37.5%) of eight eligible patients in the pre-PERT era (P=0.0001). There were no differences in major bleeding, mortality, or length of stay in either era. InterpretationThe pediatric PERT paradigm was successfully created and adopted locally. Our PERT enhanced access to experts, facilitated timely advanced therapies, and held value for low-risk PE. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) and Children’s Health System of Texas pediatric PERT may serve as a best-practice model for streamlining care for pediatric PE.

The steps towards an infrastructure with minimal impact on the environment: the ELI-NP model of good practice

The steps towards an infrastructure with minimal impact on the environment: the ELI-NP model of good practice

Artificial Intelligence’s Role in Student Plagiarism: A Graduate University’s Model of Best Practices

This white paper discusses a model of best practices to better identify and address plagiarism issues with students using AI. It serves as an example to help younger institutions that may not have a policy in place to recognize the importance of hitting this head-on. By creating a taskforce, we were able to quickly come to a resolution for a university that has three campuses in Chicago, Online, and in Vancouver, BC. We also share best practices that will help current professors and core faculty alike in dealing with plagiarism from students using AI in their work. We end with a discussion of examples that support this effort.

The Role of Traditional Salt Production in Achieving Halal Standards of the Ulamaconsultative Council: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: The fact in salt production by traditional coastal communities is a lack of understanding of the halal standards for salt production formulated by the Ulama Consultative Council in the Aceh region. Supposedly, Muslim salt farmers already have basic knowledge about halal salt production standards under Islamic sharia rules. This article, therefore, describes the salt processing process that conforms to halal production standards, including the main raw materials, workers, facilities, production processes, product packaging, and product distribution under Islamic law. Method: The data used in this study were observations of Lancang coastal salt (coastal salt fields), interviews with the head of LPPOM MPU and secretaries, the head of the Banda Aceh Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service, 241 coastal salt farmers, and three staff supporting salt farmers. Data were also obtained through a focus group discussion attended by all elements involved in the Acehnese halal salt production. Results: The results of this study highlighted that four standards had been met: raw material standards, worker standards, packaging standards, and distribution standards. Meanwhile, two standards have not been fulfilled: the standard for processing and the standard for the facilities used. Both have not met halal standards according to the guidelines of the Ulama Consultative Council in Aceh. SDGs Review | São Paulo (SP) | VOL. 4 | e01594 | pag: 01-47 | Jan-Dec | 2024. Contribution: this research helps improve the quality of salt produced by traditional farmers in Aceh by introducing and guiding them to comply with the halal standards set by LPPOM MPU Aceh. Education and awareness-raising among farmers about the importance of halal production are key points, where they are taught how to apply halal principles at every stage of the salt-making process. With a better understanding of these standards, farmers can not only improve the quality of their products but also obtain halal certification, which in turn increases the market value and consumer trust in the salt they produce. Furthermore, this research positively impacts the local economy by opening up broader market opportunities for traditional salt farmers. Halal certification allows them to sell their products to a larger market segment, including consumers who prioritize halal products, thus increasing the income and well-being of the farmers. Additionally, this research emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional methods in salt production, ensuring that techniques passed down through generations remain relevant and comply with current halal standards. The findings of this research also provide valuable input for the government and related institutions in formulating policies that support halal production and the sustainability of traditional salt farmers. As a model or example of best practices, this research can be adopted by other regions with traditional salt production, enabling them to follow Aceh's lead in implementing halal production standards. Thus, this research not only directly benefits traditional salt farmers in Aceh but also has the potential to inspire and drive positive changes at the national level.

Galaxy Helm chart: a standardized method for deploying production Galaxy servers.

The Galaxy application is a popular open-source framework for data intensive sciences, counting thousands of monthly users across more than 100 public servers. To support a growing number of users and a greater variety of use cases, the complexity of a production-grade Galaxy installation has also grown, requiring more administration effort. There is a need for a rapid and reproducible Galaxy deployment method that can be maintained at high-availability with minimal maintenance. We describe the Galaxy Helm chart that codifies all elements of a production-grade Galaxy installation into a single package. Deployable on Kubernetes clusters, the chart encapsulates supporting software services and implements the best-practices model for running Galaxy. It is also the most rapid method available for deploying a scalable, production-grade Galaxy instance on one's own infrastructure. The chart is highly configurable, allowing systems administrators to swap dependent services if desired. Notable uses of the chart include on-demand, fully-automated deployments on AnVIL, providing training infrastructure for the Bioconductor project, and as the AWS-recommended solution for running Galaxy on the Amazon cloud. The source code for Galaxy Helm is available at https://github.com/galaxyproject/galaxy-helm, the corresponding Helm package at https://github.com/CloudVE/helm-charts, and the required Galaxy container image https://github.com/galaxyproject/galaxy-docker-k8s.

A critical review of biomonitoring in East African rivers: fostering community-based collaboration for environmental change observation

The contribution of citizen scientists to environmental monitoring is notably increasing significantly. Governments worldwide establish Water Users Associations (WUAs) as a good practice model to implement Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) at local levels. These associations target different stakeholders depending on the expected outcome. However, their effectiveness, especially in East Africa, can only be determined case by case. In Kenya, Water Resources Users Associations are registered, voluntary community groups whose members are water users and land owners. Similarly, in Uganda, community-based initiatives exist, especially along degraded rivers, involving cooperation between local communities and regional water authorities. On the contrary, it has been reported that in Tanzania, many community initiatives created become non-functional within 2–3 years of induction. In general, the main responsibility of Water Users Associations or its equivalent is to manage and conserve water resources for sustainable uses. In most cases, water quality monitoring by communities through citizen science is limited to the visual appearance of water in the river channel. While this can indicate the water’s esthetic value, it is insufficient for assessing the ecological status of rivers, which is influenced by a variety of physical, chemical, biological, and socioeconomic factors. The use of bioindicators has been advocated as a feasible method for community-based water quality river monitoring. Therefore, this review explores the commonly used bio-indicators and bio-assessment tools for river health assessment and their complexities when using a biomonitoring community-based approach through citizen science. Tolerance and intolerance macroinvertebrate and fish metric protocols that utilize identification keys have been recommended. These protocols are designed to be user-friendly and require minimal taxonomic expertise, making them easy for community volunteers to use with minimal basic training. The sustainability of these citizen science initiatives relies on the motivation of volunteers, the frequency of monitoring activities, and collaboration with researchers and government agencies. These initiatives not only facilitate environmental monitoring but also foster community engagement and awareness regarding the ecological status of rivers, thereby addressing knowledge and data gaps necessary for effective policy-making. This approach provides a practical model for environmental stewardship and participatory resource management in East Africa.

Evaluating a model of best practice in primary care led post-diagnostic dementia care: feasibility and acceptability findings from the PriDem study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a primary care-based intervention for improving post-diagnostic dementia care and support (PriDem), and implementation study procedures.DesignA non-randomised, mixed methods, feasibility study.SettingSeven general practices...

A model of senior Indigenous leadership in Australian higher education: An Indigenous academic perspective

PurposeSenior Indigenous leadership positions across the Australian higher education sector has increased over the past decade. Despite this advancement, there is limited understanding in terms of how to best integrate Indigenous leadership into existing governance structures of Australian universities. In 2018 the Walan Mayiny: Indigenous Leadership in Higher Education project commenced, aimed at establishing a model of best practice for the inclusivity of Indigenous leadership in higher education governance structures. This article presents key findings from the project, namely, a model of senior Indigenous leadership within the Australian universities based on the perceptions of a group of Indigenous academics.Design/methodology/approachThrough qualitative semi-structured interviews with Indigenous academic staff, the perceived value, characteristics and challenges of senior Indigenous leadership were examined. The varying opinions held by Indigenous academics in relation to the qualifications and experience required to fulfil a senior Indigenous leadership position were also highlighted. In doing so, a model of senior Indigenous leadership within the Australian higher education system is presented. The model of best practice presented in this article is underpinned by Indigenous Institutional Theory (Coates et al., 2022), a theoretical framework developed from the Walan Mayiny study.FindingsThe research findings highlight the diverse opinions of Indigenous academics in relation to the qualifications and experience required to fulfil a senior Indigenous leadership position. The six essential components are built upon the core characteristics, values and behaviours that senior Indigenous leaders need to have according to Indigenous academics, in order to advance Indigenous success within the academy.Originality/valueGiven Australian universities are being called upon to ensure that senior Indigenous leaders are in the best position possible to forge institutional change, senior Indigenous leaders within the academy may find the contextual Indigenous leadership model beneficial. The model allows one to uphold cultural integrity and fulfil the responsibilities and obligations of their higher education institution, while being able to serve their Indigenous colleagues and communities, leading to the advancement of Indigenous higher education outcomes. Importantly, the model can be adapted to suit all First Nations Peoples globally, who also find themselves working within the shackles of Western institutions.

A Brief Introduction into Scriptural Grounding of Contemporary Social Work

Social work, as a model of welfare practice in contemporary society, is based on the mutual aid principle of those in need or in a situation of vulnerability. Its historical foundations can be identified from the ancient writings, including the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments. This paper brings to the attention of the students from the Faculty of Orthodox Theology, the Social Work specialization, but also of those concerned with a deep social-theological knowledge, the perspective of a theoretical analysis, but also that of a good practice model for contemporary social work based on the examples existing in Holy Scripture. Also, the focus is on developing, through study, professional skills that provide for the projection and elaboration of a discourse based on sacred texts (verbal and written exposure), but also the correct statement of the doctrine of the Church and the means transmitted by it for the perfecting of the person and of the world in the context of a constantly changing society. Thus, through this comprehensive analysis, the paper highlights the relevance and sustainable impact of the teachings and practices of social work in the Old and New Testaments on contemporary issues solvable through social justice, christian love, solidarity and community responsibility.

Making Reasonable Adjustments for Students With Disability in Australian Mainstream Classrooms: A Scoping Review

Abstract Reasonable adjustments are measures and actions that have been adopted in Australia to assist students with disability to participate in their learning on the same basis as their peers in a way that is free of inequality and exclusion. However, little research explores the enablers and barriers associated with implementing reasonable adjustments to support student learning. Therefore, research-based guidance regarding how best to direct the successful implementation of reasonable adjustments is required. This scoping review of 25 studies found a limited body of research that suggested reasonable adjustments are an effective means to address learner diversity; however, several barriers exist in teacher and school attitudes towards making adjustments, as well as how policy of reasonable adjustments can be systematically applied. A model of best practice summarises a strategy to address these significant themes.

Academic Solidarity in the Wake of Disaster: Blueprint for an Online Writing Support Group

ABSTRACTThis article develops a blueprint for creating online writing groups (OWGs) to support scholars who are directly and indirectly affected by disaster. Those who are living in regions affected by natural disasters face a severe psychological toll along with physical and logistical challenges. Furthermore, scholars in the diaspora who are watching their colleagues go about daily life while they struggle to meet writing deadlines can also experience detrimental psychological effects, including isolation anxiety. Findings from disaster studies research suggest that communal coping strategies can mitigate the short- and long-term challenges to mental health, including spiraling concerns about productivity that, in turn, inhibit productivity. My research builds on these studies, as well as analyses of virtual platforms used during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify specific aspects of OWGs that can provide community and structure for scholars in the wake of natural disasters. I draw from my experience of creating and hosting a Zoom writing group for scholars from Turkey and Syria in the aftermath of the February 2023 earthquakes. In addition to participant observation of more than 240 two-hour sessions held over 42 weeks between March and December 2023, I draw from a survey-based assessment and email correspondence with participants to develop a best-practices model that I hope other scholars will replicate.

Model Praktik Baik Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengembangan Kemampuan Dasar Guru pada Satuan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar

<p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em>In carrying out their main duties and functions, school principals still receive critical issues from various circles in the educational ecosystem because they have yet to fully contribute optimally to increasing teacher professionalism. The literature review research aims to identify and analyze several models of good practice implemented by school principals in developing the basic abilities of teachers in elementary school education units. The research findings state that the school principal's good practice model consists of two activities/actions: the Principal as a learning leader and the Principal acting as the creator of the learning environment. The key role of the Principal as a learning leader consists of a servant, role model, expert and instructional leader. Meanwhile, the Principal as the creator of the learning environment is related to his role as a communicator, supporter and manager. These good practices can create a professional, vital teacher profile and construction consisting of passion, vigour, facility, and satisfaction to achieve more productive and competitive learning goals in the educational unit.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: good practice; </em><em>principal’s</em><em>; basic teacher abilities</em></p>

Clinical trials and their impact on policy during COVID-19: a review.

Of over 8,000 recorded randomised trials addressing COVID-19, around 80% were of treatments, and 17% have reported results. Approximately 1% were adaptive or platform trials, with 25 having results available, across 29 journal articles and 10 preprint articles. We conducted an extensive literature review to address four questions about COVID-19 trials, particularly the role and impact of platform/adaptive trials and lessons learned. The key findings were: Q1. Social value in conducting trials and uptake into policy? COVID-19 drug treatments varied substantially and changed considerably, with drugs found effective in definitive clinical trials replacing unproven drugs. Dexamethasone has likely saved ½-2 million lives, and was cost effective across a range of countries and populations, whereas the cost effectiveness of remdesivir is uncertain. Published economic and health system impacts of COVID-19 treatments were infrequent. Q2. Issues with adaptive trial designs. Of the 77 platform trials registered, 6 major platform trials, with approximately 50 treatment arms, recruited ~135,000 participants with funding over $100 million. Q3. Models of good practice. Streamlined set-up processes such as flexible and fast-track funding, ethics, and governance approvals are vital. To facilitate recruitment, simple and streamlined research processes, and pre-existing research networks to coordinate trial planning, design, conduct and practice change are crucial to success. Q4. Potential conflicts to avoid? When treating patients through trials, balancing individual and collective rights and allocating scarce resources between healthcare and research are challenging. Tensions occur between commercial and non-commercial sectors, and academic and public health interests, such as publication and funding driven indicators and the public good. There is a need to (i) reduce small, repetitive, single centre trials, (ii) increase coordination to ensure robust research conducted for treatments, and (iii) a wider adoption of adaptive/platform trial designs to respond to fast-evolving evidence landscape.

Increasing physical activity among Indonesian adolescents: a social marketing intervention reflection

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of a social marketing intervention that aimed to increase physical activity (aligned to UN SDG 3) among adolescents in Bali, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThree sequential phases were followed to deliver the social marketing intervention. Phrase 1 (formative research) gained insights that guided a subsequent social marketing intervention. Phase 2 (pilot intervention) gathered preliminary results, to support the development of the final intervention. Phase 3 (intervention) evaluated the effectiveness of the two-month social marketing intervention.FindingsThe results from the intervention tested in this paper identified significant behaviour change in physical activity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention. Furthermore, the paper identifies which intervention inputs contribute to behaviour change and which do not.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper describes the outcomes from an eight-week pilot programme that aimed to increase rates of physical activity for Indonesian adolescents and provides early evidence of impact.Practical implicationsThis study found that providing adolescents with the opportunity to play team sports increases physical activity behaviour.Originality/valueThere is a lot of ground that needs to be made in terms of designing programs capable of achieving impact in the Global South. The approach reported in this paper can serve as a best-practice model for researchers wanting to drive lasting behaviour change to overcome known inequities in the Global South.