Mode Of Repair Research Articles

1497 Type 2-mediated oxidative reprogramming promotes the transition of macrophages into repair mode and is required for wound healing

1497 Type 2-mediated oxidative reprogramming promotes the transition of macrophages into repair mode and is required for wound healing

Mundane activism as a mode of urban repair: A view from the global south

This article brings forward the conceptual lens of Mundane Activism to understand alternative modes of counter-space making that accounts for Southern modes of practice. It describes conscious everyday actions that certain social groups pursue, to address their needs, with no aim of structural change or direct confrontation with the state. These everyday actions take the form of repair that enable these social groups to achieve those needs. I discuss this concept through the case of the Friday market, a second hand market in Amman/Jordan. It describes how the market is repaired spatially and imaginatively by its vendors. Particularly, it identifies and describes the material and non-material acts of repair that shape the socio-spatial contours of such activism. Furthermore, how the vendors are able to come together to incrementally restore, alter and maintain an urban space over a period of time, through an ‘infrastructure of social capital’. The article concludes that Mundane Activism, as a lens, has the potential to extend urban theorization, add to the developing lexicon of ‘an otherwise’ mode of urbanization, and enrich urban studies with empirical and practical knowledge from geographies ‘elsewhere’.

Tension-Free Repair of Inguinal Hernia with “Undissociate Spermatic Cord”- Case Series

Background: In recent years, with the deepening of the anatomical cognition of the inguinal region and the renewal of the hernia repair concept, inguinal hernia repair has become increasingly mature surgical approach. However, no matter how the hernia repair modes change, the treatment and repair of the hernia ring has always been the focus, so that the treatment of the hernia sac has been neglected. Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to May 2019, there were 132 patients underwent inguinal hernia repair with “Undissociate Spermatic cord” theory (Undissected Spermatic cord and hernia sac, hernia ring and sac exclusion) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and the First Hospital of Harbin. Results: All the operations were completed smoothly. The patients included 126 males and 6 females. There were 74 cases underwent open surgery and 58 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery (TAPP and TEP). In the open group, the mean operation time was 33.4min, and the mean blood loss was 7.1ml. The mean hospitalization time was 4.6d. In the laparoscopic group, the mean operation time was 74.4min, and the mean blood loss was 7.5ml. The mean hospitalization time was 4.7d. There were no complications occurred in our groups. All the patients were followed up for 18~63 months (mean of 41.5 months) without recurrence. Conclusion: Following the “Undissociate Spermatic cord” theory, the inguinal hernia repair could be convenient operation, low complication rate and recurrence rate. The function of spermatic cord was also retained. “Undissociate Spermatic cord” theory is a safe and feasible novel idea for inguinal hernia repair.

Autorecovery and everyday disaster in Mexico City’s peripheries

This article is concerned with urbanization as it shapes and is shaped by disaster finance instruments. It takes a critical look at the specific urbanizing qualities of these instruments by bringing an established theory of peripheral urbanization together with recent work on disaster urbanization to advance a theory of ‘everyday disaster’—or smaller-scale events that occur repeatedly in the same areas, or events with extended recovery periods so prolonged that they integrate with the precarities of everyday life; and ‘autorecovery’—or recovery processes that self-organize and improvise in response to the uneven distribution of state resources. It grounds these theories in extended ethnographic work done in Mexico City. It argues that where localized everyday disasters are ongoing, they fall through the cracks of existing financing schemes because of ongoing scalar mismatches between instruments and actually existing disaster conditions. These mismatches are compounded by state neglect and facilitated by the disconnectedness that defines peripheries. As disaster governance in global Southern states is pushed to global markets through risk transfer instruments, failure to effectively insure everyday disasters expands spaces of precarity that reproduce peripheral processes. These forms of governance affect urban spatial configurations, not only through disaster itself, but through modes of repair like autorecovery.

Advances in Animal Models for Studying Bone Fracture Healing

Fracture is a common traumatic injury that is mostly caused by traffic accidents, falls, and falls from height. Fracture healing is a long-term and complex process, and the mode of repair and rate of healing are influenced by a variety of factors. The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of fractures are issues that urgently need to be addressed. The preparation of the right animal model can accurately simulate the occurrence of fractures, identify and observe normal and abnormal healing processes, study disease mechanisms, and optimize and develop specific treatment methods. We summarize the current status of fracture healing research, the characteristics of different animal models and the modeling methods for different fracture types, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and provide a reference basis for basic experimental fracture modeling.

A dual‐scale system dynamics prediction method for post‐earthquake repair of urban building groups

AbstractThe interaction between individual buildings and a city during the post‐earthquake repair process (e.g., the urban repair resource allocation for a building) has a significant influence on urban resilience. To consider such an interaction, a dual‐scale system dynamics prediction method for post‐earthquake repair of urban building groups is proposed, by which the detailed repair process of each individual building and the entire city can be systematically simulated. First, an urban priority for building repair is determined, and an algorithm for calculating the repair workload of individual buildings considering such an urban priority is developed for the following repair simulation of buildings. Next, a system dynamics model is established for simulating the repair process for individual buildings based on four types of resources, that is, workers, equipment, materials, and funds. Finally, a repair prediction model with a dual building‐to‐city scale is developed considering the resource allocation process of buildings. Two historical case studies were used to validate the accuracy of the system dynamics model for individual‐building repair. A case study on a small‐sized city was performed to reveal the influence patterns of different resource availability levels, repair modes, and structural systems on the repair process. The proposed method can predict in detail the post‐earthquake repair process with a dual building‐to‐city scale, supporting the decision‐making of city resilience.

Optimization of Fleet’s Level Repair Plan for Diverse Missions

Various missions significantly impact the fleet’s level repair plan. The mission requirement model is established based on the “regular and dual control” repair mode. Considering the fleet’s overall operation, capability decay characteristics, and planner’s expectations and preferences, the fleet’s capability evaluation model is constructed. Furthermore, aiming at the maximum capability value and the minimum number of the mission ships and comprehensively considering constraints such as sailing rate, mission period, repair period, repair cost, capability restoration, and mission capability, the optimization model of the fleet’s level repair plan for diverse missions is established. The particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the hierarchical sequence method is used to solve the model, and the fleet’s level repair plan and mission configuration plan are obtained, which solves the coordination problem of the two types of plans. The results show that, compared with the traditional planning method, this method can fully consider the actual requirements of diverse missions and has better coordination of the relationship between the ship’s use and repair. This method can provide strong technical support for the scientific preparation of level repair plans and the effective completion of combat readiness training missions.

Base editing therapy forges ahead

CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing is an innovative biotechnology that has revolutionized genetic engineering in recent years. The process involves induction of a double-strand break (DSB) at the desired DNA site and subsequent cellular repair. Two primary mechanisms drive DSB repair: non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination-mediated repair. Non-homologous end joining, the primary mode of DSB repair, is a simple high-efficiency process that is susceptible to errors, and unpredictable nucleotide insertion or deletion mutations. In contrast, point mutations account for more than 50% of human genetic disorders and are the most frequent type of genetic variation in nature. Base editing is a precise gene editing approach in which a single DNA base is substituted without introduction of DSBs or use of a repair template. This technique has promising therapeutic potential in gene therapy, owing to its high efficiency and controllable editing results. Since the invention of the first base editing tools, the technique has rapidly developed and undergone clinical trials. This review summarizes progress in gene therapy through base editing, including DNA and RNA base editing, with particular emphasis on recent clinical trial and preclinical research advancements, current limitations and remaining challenges, and prospects for further research and applications.

Efficacy of preparation design on fracture resistance of hybrid-ceramic endo-crown on premolars: An in vitro study

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different preparation designs on fracture resistance and failure mode of hybrid nanoceramic endocrown on premolars.Methodology: Fourteen endodontically treated maxillary premolars were prepared to receive a hybrid nanoceramic endocrown restorations and divided into 2 groups according to the preparation designs (butt joint and 2 mm ferrule). The endocrown restorations were cemented to the prepared teeth using dual cure adhesive resin cement. All specimens were subjected to a compressive force 5KN until fracture occurs by using universal testing machine. The maximum compressive force was recorded for all specimens, then failure mode of all samples were examined visually and photographically. All repairable samples were examined for extension of the cracks using scanning electron microscope.Results: Endocrowns with ferrule preparation recorded a highly statistically significant difference with the higher mean value of fracture resistance (1911.57 ± 341.29 N), compared to the endocrowns with butt joint which recorded the lower mean value of fracture resistance (1192.70±196.04 N). Regarding the failure mode; endocrowns with ferrule design showed a high percent of catastrophic failure while butt joint showed more repairable failure.Conclusion: Endocrowns with ferrule design showed a higher fracture resistance value but with a high percent of catastrophic failure mode compared to butt joint design that showed lower fracture resistance value with mostly repairable mode of failure.

Multi-Objective Task Scheduling of Circuit Repair

With the development of technology and the increase of equipment usage intensity, the original support mode of circuit repair, with an ideal model and single objective, is no longer applicable. Therefore, we focus on improving the support mode of circuit repair in this article. First, in this article, we propose three rest strategies, and consider the scheduling optimization of flexible rest for repair teams, for the first time. We build a more scientific and comprehensive mathematical model for the task scheduling of circuit repair. Specifically, this model aims to maximize benefits and minimize risks during scheduling up to a certain moment, taking into account constraints, such as geographic information, resources, etc. Second, in this article, we design three hybrid algorithms, namely, NSGAII-2Opt-DE(N2D), SPEA2-2Opt-DE(S2D) and MOEA/D-2Opt-DE(M2D). Third, in this article, we design a comprehensive evaluation indicator, area. It mainly contributes to evaluation of the convergence speed of the multi-objective optimization algorithms. Finally, extensive computational experiments were conducted to verify the scientificity of the rest strategies, model, algorithms and evaluation indicator proposed in this article. The experimental results showed that our proposed N2D, S2D and M2D outperformed the existing algorithms, in terms of solution quality and convergence speed.

“All my loves / are reparations loves”: Decolonizing Borders and Reparative Queerness in Natalie Diaz’s Poetry

This article will analyze how the Mojave poet Natalie Diaz identifies decolonized queer and lesbian identities as potential modes of transgressive border-crossing and repair that can generate epistemological, ethical, and ontological disruptions in a world ravaged by colonial displacement. In her two poetry collections, When My Brother Was an Aztec and Postcolonial Love Poem, Diaz crafts a poetics specifically tailored to three intertwined goals: revisiting traumatic history on three different levels (individual/personal, family, community) in order to counter hegemonic erasures on which is founded an illegitimate national imaginary; questioning the legitimacy of all borders imposed by ongoing colonial rule –whether geographical, social, or sexual; and articulating lesbian Indigenous desire as a means to create new types of kinship and reopen a sense of futurity.

Research on Equipment Inspection and Emergency Repair Mode of Urban Rail Transit

Research on Equipment Inspection and Emergency Repair Mode of Urban Rail Transit

Substrate geometry effect on the strength of repaired plates: Combined XFEM and CZM approach

Aluminum alloys are commonly used in aeronautical applications because of their specific strength and improved corrosion resistance. These structures, during their service, are exposed to various loading cycles, eventually leading to failure at the loci of geometric discontinuities. Repairing by metal or composite patch bonding is widespread to extend the structures’ life by limiting stress concentrations and delaying crack initiation. This work consists of a numerical study, validated by experimental test data, to assess the effect of a central circular notch in an aluminum plate, either reinforced or not by an adhesively bonded composite patch, on the global tensile response of the structure. The constitutive law of the aluminum and adhesive is assumed nonlinear and follows Von Mises equivalent stress flow theory with a hardening variable in incremental form. Damage initiation in the aluminum alloy is modeled by the XFEM (eXtended Finite Element Method), using the maximum principal stress criterion (MAXPS) for damage initiation prediction. Damage evolution is based on the energy approach. The adhesive layer was modeled by CZM (Cohesive Zone Model). A good agreement was found between the experimental results of the tensile curves of the repaired and unrepaired plates with those resulting from numerical modeling. Once the numerical model was validated, several parameters werenumerically studied, namely the shape of the composite patch, the size of the notch, the nature of the adhesive and repair mode by single and double patch, to reduce maximum stress of the damaged area and provide maximum repair efficiency.

Advances in understanding the DNA-repair mechanism activated by CRISPR/Cas9

In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short Palindromic repeats, clustered regularly interspaced short Palindromic repeats, CRISPR and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mediated gene-editing technology has been widely used in biology, essential medicine, and other research fields, and animal disease models constructed by this technology have promoted the exploration of pathogenesis and the research progress in gene therapy and other aspects. Cas9 nuclease cleavage performs gene editing in conjunction with subsequent homologous recombination (HDR) or non-homologous terminal linking (NHEJ), but the low efficiency of HDR generation limits its application. Therefore, it is crucial to study the mechanism of NHEJ and HDR repair modes to improve gene editing accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, the mechanism of NHEJ and HDR repair system in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system is summarized, and the prospect is made based on the relevant research progress, which provides ideas for the research of efficient use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

A Repair Method for Missing Traffic Data Based on FCM, Optimized by the Twice Grid Optimization and Sparrow Search Algorithms.

Complete traffic sensor data is a significant prerequisite for analyzing the changing rules of traffic flow and formulating traffic control strategies. Nevertheless, the missing traffic data are common in practice. In this study, an improved Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is proposed to repair missing traffic data, and three different repair modes are established according to the correlation of time, space, and attribute value of traffic flow. First, a Twice Grid Optimization (TGO) algorithm is proposed to provide a reliable initial clustering center for the FCM algorithm. Then the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is used to optimize the fuzzy weighting index m and classification number k of the FCM algorithm. Finally, an experimental test of the traffic sensor data in Shunyi District, Beijing, is employed to verify the effectiveness of the TGO-SSA-FCM. Experimental results showed that the improved algorithm had a better performance than some traditional algorithms, and different data repair modes should be selected under different miss rate conditions.

HETEROGENEOUS TWO SERVER QUEUE WITH BREAKDOWN AND WITH VARIANT REPAIR POLICY

In this paper, we consider a system with two heterogeneous servers Markovian queue. In which the system breakdown occurs when the system is in busy mode. Immediately the system undergoes repair. After completion of the repair, the system either undergoes optional repair mode or becomes busy mode based on a Bernoulli schedule. It is assumed that the number of repairs follows the Poisson process and the repair periods follow an exponential distribution. The model has been solved in steady-state using the matrix analytic method. Some performance measures and numerical results are obtained.

Migratory and anti-fibrotic programmes define the regenerative potential of human cardiac progenitors

Heart regeneration is an unmet clinical need, hampered by limited renewal of adult cardiomyocytes and fibrotic scarring. Pluripotent stem cell-based strategies are emerging, but unravelling cellular dynamics of host–graft crosstalk remains elusive. Here, by combining lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics in injured non-human primate heart biomimics, we uncover the coordinated action modes of human progenitor-mediated muscle repair. Chemoattraction via CXCL12/CXCR4 directs cellular migration to injury sites. Activated fibroblast repulsion targets fibrosis by SLIT2/ROBO1 guidance in organizing cytoskeletal dynamics. Ultimately, differentiation and electromechanical integration lead to functional restoration of damaged heart muscle. In vivo transplantation into acutely and chronically injured porcine hearts illustrated CXCR4-dependent homing, de novo formation of heart muscle, scar-volume reduction and prevention of heart failure progression. Concurrent endothelial differentiation contributed to graft neovascularization. Our study demonstrates that inherent developmental programmes within cardiac progenitors are sequentially activated in disease, enabling the cells to sense and counteract acute and chronic injury.

Multifunctional properties of Nej1XLF C-terminus promote end-joining and impact DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice

A DNA double strand break (DSB) is primarily repaired by one of two canonical pathways, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). NHEJ requires no or minimal end processing for ligation, whereas HR requires 5’ end resection followed by a search for homology. The main event that determines the mode of repair is the initiation of 5’ resection because if resection starts, then NHEJ cannot occur. Nej1 is a canonical NHEJ factor that functions at the cross-roads of repair pathway choice and prior to its function in stimulating Dnl4 ligase. Nej1 competes with Dna2, inhibiting its recruitment to DSBs and thereby inhibiting resection. The highly conserved C-terminal region (CTR) of Nej1 (330−338) is important for two events that drive NHEJ as it stimulates ligation and inhibits resection, but it is dispensable for end-bridging. By combining nej1 point mutants with nuclease-dead dna2-1, we find that Nej1-F335 is essential for end-joining whereas V338 promotes NHEJ indirectly by inhibiting Dna2-mediated resection.

Genome-scale patterns in the loss of heterozygosity incidence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Former studies have established that loss of heterozygosity can be a key driver of sequence evolution in unicellular eukaryotes and tissues of metazoans. However, little is known about whether the distribution of loss of heterozygosity events is largely random or forms discernible patterns across genomes. To initiate our experiments, we introduced selectable markers to both arms of all chromosomes of the budding yeast. Subsequent extensive assays, repeated over several genetic backgrounds and environments, provided a wealth of information on the genetic and environmental determinants of loss of heterozygosity. Three findings stand out. First, the number of loss of heterozygosity events per unit time was more than 25 times higher for growing than starving cells. Second, loss of heterozygosity was most frequent when regions of homology around a recombination site were identical, about a half-% sequence divergence was sufficient to reduce its incidence. Finally, the density of loss of heterozygosity events was highly dependent on the genome’s physical architecture. It was several-fold higher on short chromosomal arms than on long ones. Comparably large differences were seen within a single arm where regions close to a centromere were visibly less affected than regions close, though usually not strictly adjacent, to a telomere. We suggest that the observed uneven distribution of loss of heterozygosity events could have been caused not only by an uneven density of initial DNA damages. Location-depended differences in the mode of DNA repair, or its effect on fitness, were likely to operate as well.

Feasibility Study for Project of Agrophotovoltaic System Based on the Existing Solar Power Plant

The object of the research is an agrophotovoltaic system. An analysis of the operating conditions of one of the existing solar power plants was performed and limitations of electricity generation due to its excess in the power system or due to work mode restrictions both under the normal state of the power grid and under individual emergency or repair modes were identified. This leads to an underproduction of electricity and a decrease in the efficiency of using the installed capacity of the solar power plant (SPP). Therefore, it was proposed to introduce an agrophotovoltaic system, which allows for more efficient use of land resources, it also allows us to increase the yield of agricultural crops that can be planted on the territory of a solar power plant, to eliminate restrictions on the delivery of generated power to the power grid through its direct consumption at the site of the SPP. The feasibility study of the project of an agrophotovoltaic system based on the existing power plant shows that its payback period will not exceed 3 years, and the profit for the 5th year of exploitation of such a system will be up to € 279409.