Modal Meanings Research Articles

대통령 취임사의 문법적 특징 연구

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to examine how representative grammatical categories (mood, modality and vocative) are selected and used in presidential inaugural addresses. Through this, the purpose is to show that these grammatical elements and discourse purposes are deeply correlated.
 Methods For this purpose, the logogonetic patterns of systemic functional linguistics, a genre-based grammar theory, were utilized as a research method. Logogenetic patterns are a way to visibly show the relevance of grammatical meaning to the text being analyzed by showing the patterns of meaning that are generated as the text unfolds.
 Results Through the above study, we can see that grammatical elements(mood, modality and vocative) embodied in presidential inaugural addresses are selected and used to achieve the goals of understanding and persuasion. First, the declarative and probability are used to give reasons for the speaker's plans or demands. Next, the use of interrogative and vocative in presidential inaugural addresses serves to increase the intimacy between the speaker and the listener. The imperative, obligation, and complex modalities (obligation + probability) are used to require the listener to do something, but they take the form of obligation or complex modalities rather than the imperative in order to reduce the damage to the listener's face caused by the command. The inclination serves to announce the speaker's plans, while also expressing the speaker's commitment to the listener to fulfill those plans.
 Conclusions This study is significant because it is an example of how language use is not isolated from context, but is used within context. In addition, the usage patterns of mood, modality and vocative presented as research results will help understand the linguistic characteristics of presidential inaugural addresses. Furthermore, in expressive education such as speaking and writing in Korean education and Korean education as a foreign language, the meaning and function of mood, modality and vocative are expected to provide teaching and learning content on the use of language in a persuasive communication context. It is also expected to provide learners with interest and internal motivation in learning.

Penggunaan No Da dalam Kalimat Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Sintaksis dan Semantik

This research aim to determine the function and meaning of modality no da in Japanese sentences found in various media such as anime. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method by collecting data to analyze in the form of sample sentences containing no da modality based on theory according to Noda (1997). The results of this research show that no da is used when the speaker and the interlocutor know the situation set in the conversation. Modality no da has various functions, including : as a nominalizer, expression delivery, question and conjunction that combines one clause with another. The meaning of modality no da varies depending on the function and verb attached to modality no da.

The Meaning of Modality in Instagram Content Discourse @Tirto.Id

Social media is a form of communication progress developed by mankind. The existence of social media gives rise to various forms of communication and language events which also in its development experience many findings that progress. One of them is multimodality. This study aims to unravel the meaning of multimodality in social media that is widely used by the global community in the form of Instagram. In this study, the object of study was a news account on Instagram social media named @Tirto.id. This study used qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection is carried out using listen and record techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing existing data with classified forms and classifications. After knowing the forms of multimodality in the @Tirto.id Instagram account, the research data was analyzed based on the key theory used in unraveling the meaning of modality in his posts.

Alignment variations in the diachrony of Basque

Abstract Besides highly grammaticalized analytic verb forms that constitute the system’s main tense, aspect, and mood forms, Basque has a handful of less grammaticalized periphrases for secondary aspectual and modal meanings. In both older and more recent texts, some of these periphrases have been reanalyzed as monoclausal and readjusted in accordance with the auxiliated verb’s argument structure. This readjustment or actualization process involves changes in two respects: case-marking and indexation through auxiliary change. The reanalysis and actualization of theses periphrases seem to be driven by analogy with highly extended and frequent analytic verb forms. With regard to their actualization, it seems to depend on three factors: word order, valency of the auxiliated verb, and plural patient agreement.

‘Good’ Is ‘Possible’: A Case Study of the Modal Uses of ‘Good’ in Shaoxing

This paper sets out to investigate the modal uses of the lexeme hɒ3 ‘good’ in the Jidong Shaoxing variety of Wu and to reconstruct its grammaticalization pathway. Modal meanings of hɒ3 include circumstantial possibility, deontic possibility and necessity, and epistemic possibility. These meanings can be summarized as ‘can’, ‘may’, and ‘should’, respectively. The modal meanings of hɒ3 are derived from its meaning of ‘fit to’ rather than ‘good’. We propose here that hɒ3 first extended to express circumstantial possibility, and then further extended to denote deontic modality and participant-internal possibility in two separate directions: (i) circumstantial possibility > deontic modality, and (ii) circumstantial possibility > participant-internal possibility. The epistemic use of hɒ3 is proposed as the final stage of the lexeme’s modal extension.

MODAL MEANINGS OF INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article analyzes the expression of modal meanings of supposition, desirability (desires, dreams), possibility, obligation (necessity), motivation of interrogative statements in the Kazakh language. It was found out that these modal meanings are expressed mainly by sentences in which interrogative pronouns and interrogative particles are present, and are also reinforced by the repetition of these linguistic units and their joint use with other linguistic units (modal words, auxiliary verbs, phraseological units, analytical formants, etc.). In the expression of the modal values of assumption, desirability (desire, dream), possibility (impossibility, obligation (necessity), motivation, the rhetorical interrogative sentence is actively functioning. It is also proved in the article that these modal values can be expressed in combination with other modal and emotionally expressive values, for example, the assumption of information about a particular subject, phenomenon or performance of an action with the values of uncertainty, suspicion, doubt, etc. Modal values expressed in interrogative statements are also expressed in the content of a holistic statement, a pragmatic meaning arising from a speech situation. Modal meanings expressing the speaker's attitude to the speech situation were determined by methods of structural-semantic description, contextual analysis, functional-semantic analysis, differentiation and hypothetical interpretation, as well as transformation of interrogative statements.

MODALITY AS A TOOL OF AUTHORIAL PRESENCE IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS

This study explores how modality is used in editorials related to Covid-19 from two Pakistani newspapers, to establish the author's presence in the text. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 editorials, and a concordance tool was employed to categorize the data. Modal verbs and other linguistic elements with modal meanings were analyzed using the interpersonal metafunction, as per Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics. The findings indicate that editorial writers predominantly employed modal verbs of prediction such as 'will' and 'would' when discussing the pandemic, and generic phrases were frequently used to express an objective, explicit orientation of modality. The fact that predictive modals are utilized in editorials implies that the main aim of the writers is to forecast upcoming occurrences. Additionally, the study found that the editors from both newspapers showed an equal interest in finding solutions to the pandemic by using obligatory modals such as 'should' and 'must'. It was found that the editors employed various linguistic techniques, including modality, in their editorials with the aim of impacting and molding the way readers view the pandemic. Keywords: modality, authorial presence, modal expressions, modal verbs.

ENGLISH IDIOMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODAL MEANING

Being a multifaceted unit idioms can be studied from five angles: meaning, function, style, emotiveness and contrastive analysis. The merit of this paper lies in the fact that it attempts to analyze the evaluative functions of English idioms. The analysis is performed within the functional framework of evaluative thesis to establish evaluative semantics of idioms. Idioms operate as encoded resources for amplifying attitudinal meanings to the entities and phenomena they describe. They serve to entail multiple modal meanings intensifying the evaluative force in the text. The values are further divided according to whether the value which entails the intensification is positive, negative or dual. A special category of positive values concerns the use of positive idioms amplifying the negative attitudinal force.

KOMMER (ATT) + INFINITIV КАО ПРОСПЕКТИВНА КОНСТРУКЦИЈА У САВРЕМЕНОМ ШВЕДСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

In this paper, we deal with construction kommer (att) + infinitive as one of the periphrastic means of expressing future predications in Modern Swedish. Aiming to investigate the construction’s modal meanings, we analyze nearly three hundred Swedish sentences with kommer (att) + infinitive as a future construction, focusing in particular on their basic syntactic-semantic features such as animacy of the subject and speaker’s involvement in, and control over a predication. Our initial investigation confirms that predictability stands out as a predominant modal meaning of kommer (att) + infinitive. Further investigation shows that there are cases in which kommer (att) + infinitive indicates speaker’s plans and intentions, and brings out intentionality as the main modal feature of a statement. We conclude our investigation with cases where modal meanings of kommer (att) + infinitive can be regarded as tending toward non-existent (“zero” modality). Considering that the descriptions in general reference works more often than not lead to a conclusion that expressing predictions is the only modal feature of kommer (att) + infinitive as a future construction in Modern Swedish, we point out that more comprehensive descriptions of the construction’s modal meanings should be offered in the future.

Особенности выражения семантики будущности неличными формами английского глагола

The study aims to establish the fact of the transposition of the temporal meaning of futurality to non-finite verb forms in a certain lexico-grammatical (narrow) context. The paper presents a context-based analysis of a corpus of examples from English-language fiction in which an action expressed by a non-finite verb form possesses the meaning of the future tense. It is found that the transfer of the temporal meaning of futurality to a non-finite form occurs due to the modal connotations of verbs in a finite form combined with these non-finite verb forms. This is confirmed by transformational analysis, namely: the combination of a verb (with modal connotative semantics) with a non-finite verb form is easily transformed into a complex sentence with a future tense finite verb form (instead of a non-finite one). The scientific novelty of the study lies in establishing the fact of the transposition of the meaning of the future tense to a non-finite verb form in the construction ‘V (a verb with a modal meaning) + Ving (a non-finite verb form)’. Therefore, this construction can be considered as one of the ways of expressing the future tense in English. As a result of the study, a minimal lexico-grammatical context that promotes the transposition of the meaning of futurality from a finite verb form to a non-finite one has been established.

Статус глагола mögen и его грамматической формы möchte в немецком языке

The aim of the research is to identify the semantic changes in the modal verb ‘mögen’ and its subjunctive form ‘möchte’ in German. The paper clarifies the status of the modal verb ‘mögen’ in diachrony and synchrony, explains the participation of ‘mögen’ and its form ‘möchte’ in the process of grammaticalization. The modal verb ‘mögen’ is considered from the perspective of its frequency in oral and written speech at various stages of the development of the German language and the identification of its modal meanings. The acquired modal meanings make it possible to speak about the expression of the category of modality by the verb ‘mögen’, namely the expression of volitive and epistemic modality. As linguistic analysis shows, the verb ‘mögen’ in its volitive meaning, used in the form of the subjunctive mood ‘möchte’, has a close meaning with the verb ‘wollen’ in the German language. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of the linguistic status of the modal verb ‘mögen’ and its form ‘möchte’ in German as grammatical precedent units. As a result, it has been proved that the verb form ‘möchte’ should not be considered as a notional verb different from ‘mögen’.

Modal verbs as a means of expression in a literary text (based on the novel “Atemschaukel” (“The Swing of Breathing”) by H. Müller).

The article considers modal verbs in German as elements of the language system, which can act in a literary text not only as actualizers of different types of modality, but also as means of linguistic expressiveness. In the text of H. Müller’s novel “The Swing of Breathing” (Herta Müller “Atemschaukel”), we find the necessary prerequisites for the realization of the expressive potential of modal verbs. The corpus of examples demonstrates that the concentration of modal meanings in rather small parts of the text, the contact arrangement of markers of non-deictic and deictic modality, their combinatorial combination, the juxtaposition of the meanings of necessity, possibility, desirability or undesirability intensify the expressiveness of the content. With the help of the variable use of modal verbs, the author figuratively represents the situation of violence and coercion, which constitute the dominant meanings of the narrative.

THE AUTHOR'S MODALITY IN A LITERARY TEXT AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE MORAL VALUES OF THE AUTHOR

In accordance with the anthropolanguage paradigm considered in modern linguistics, the communicative function of language comes to the fore, the tendency to use a linguistic unit is intertwined with the personality of a native speaker, leads to the study of the categories of the image of the author, the linguistic personality, the author's modality in a literary text, distinguishing their features and clarifying the status. The relevance of the research work is determined by the lack of research considering the category of the author's modality in the context of a literary text.The purpose of the research work is to identify the means of transmitting the category of the author's modality in a literary text in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz languages.In the article, the category "author's modality" is considered the basis for the formation of the concept of a literary text. The implicit ways of transferring the category of the author's modality to determine the author's statement and linguistic personality in a work of art are investigated.In a work of art, the author's modality is conveyed through themes, images, concepts, mythologemes, symbols, and anthropomorphism underlying the plots. When considered within the framework of a literary text, modal meanings acquire a subjective-evaluative character. Since the research work was carried out on the analysis of a literary text, the method of complex text analysis was used, i.e., descriptive, analysis, synthesis methods, deductive and inductive methods, semantic-stylistic, contextual method.The author's modality can be determined by the correct interpretation of the information underlying the text (subtext) in a work of art.

RUSSIAN UZHE AND ITALIAN GIÀ: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON A PARALLEL CORPUS

This paper proposes a corpus study of Italian già and Russian uzhe on the basis of the bidirectional Italian-Russian parallel corpus within the Russian National Corpus (RNC). Our aim is to create a contrastive description and to highlight language-specific functions of these linguistic TAM markers, in which temporality, aspectuality and modality are present. In addition to temporality, we highlighted modal meanings of presupposition, shared knowledge and varying degrees of expectation; we also outlined the processes of semantic expansion, intensification, focusing and metatextual functions.The findings include a reduction in the modal component in the translations from Russian into Italian.

A synchronic and diachronic analysis of potential dāk 得 in Cantonese

Abstract The morpheme dāk 得 has a broad range of functions in modern Cantonese, including being used as a particle introducing an adverbial construction, as a particle introducing the so-called ‘potential complement’ (we refer to this as the ‘long potential’) and as a verbal (quasi-)suffix (the ‘short potential’), which indicates that the state of affairs denoted by the verb may happen. In this paper, we first offer a general introduction on dāk 得 in modern Cantonese, which we then compare with Mandarin de 得 and parallel acquisitive modals in Lao, Vietnamese, and Zhuang, also with a focus on their modal meanings. We will then provide a diachronic overview of Cantonese dāk 得 based on a sample of texts from the 19th and early 20th century written in Cantonese by Western scholars, missionaries, and officers. The historical Cantonese data will be analyzed and compared to the development of the cognate morpheme de 得 in mainstream Chinese written sources: because of the limited diachronic depth of Cantonese data, this is necessary to delve further into the history of this item and of the related constructions. We will argue that: a. all the contemporary Cantonese (and Mandarin) uses seem to derive from the attainment sense of postverbal de/dāk 得; b. the vast majority of possible word order configurations were attested at some point in the recorded history of Chinese, but there appear to be also some patterns which could be specific to Cantonese; c. there seems to be a (partial) structural and semantic split between the ‘short’ potential and the ‘long’ potential; d. the adverbial construction probably had a more straightforward development.

Introduction and General

Introduction and General Christopher T. Begg, Thomas Hieke, Andrew W. Litke, Andrew D. Gross, Randy C. Payne, Isaac Kalimi, Brent A. Strawn, Joseph E. Jensen, and Richard A. Taylor 931. [Aspect, Communicative Appeal, and Temporal Meaning in BH Verbal Forms] Ulf Bergström, Aspect, Communicative Appeal, and Temporal Meaning in Biblical Hebrew Verbal Forms (Linguistic Studies 16; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2022). Pp. xiv + 215. $94.95. ISBN 978-1-64602-140-6. The back cover of B.'s volume presents this account of B.'s monograph: This book provides a new explanation of what has long been a challenge for scholars of Biblical Hebrew (BH): how to understand the expression of verbal tense and aspect. Working from a representative text corpus, combined with database queries of specific usages and surveys of examples discussed in the scholarly literature, B. gives a comprehensive overview of the semantic meanings of the verbal forms, along with a significant sample of the variation of pragmatically inferred tense, aspect, or modality (TAM) meanings. B. applies diachronic typology and a redefined concept of aspect to demonstrate that BH verbal forms have basic aspectual and derived temporal meanings and that communicative appeal, the action-triggering function of language, affects verbal semantics and promotes the diversification of tense meanings. B.'s overarching explanation of the semantic development of the BH verbal system is an important contribution to the study of the evolution of the verbal system and the meanings of individual verbs in the Hebrew Bible. … [adapted] B.'s monograph consists of a total of six chapters titled respectively: (1) Introduction; (2) Comments on the State of Research; (3) A Theory of Aspect and Tense; (4) Progressive and Resultative Verbs in Biblical Hebrew; (5) Communicative Appeal and the Semantics of the Biblical Hebrew Verb; and (6) Conclusion. [End Page 325] At the conclusion of his introduction, B. offers this "summary" of the aim and main contribution of his project: The aim of the present study is to provide a semantic description of the BH verbal forms that explains their temporal meanings. Section 1.1 gives a background to the problem by exemplifying the abundance of diverging suggestions about what grammatical terms to use for a specific form. As a major factor in the controversy, I point to the lack of a common theoretical basis, especially regarding the central notion of aspect. An important contribution toward a solution is, I argue, provided by the socalled grammaticalization approach, according to which it is possible to classify BH verbal forms into cross-linguistic verbal types and reconstruct how their various meanings have developed along two main diachronic pathways in accordance with universal principles. The two specific pathways that I find relevant for BH run from progressive to future and from resultative to past; that is, from what I call "aspectual" to temporal meanings. Qotel and yiqtol-L belong to the progressive pathway, whereas qatal and yiqtol-S belong to the resultative. … [p. 21, adapted—C.T.B.] 932. [The Aramaic Book of Ahiqar] Seth A. Bledsoe, The Wisdom of the Aramaic Book of Ahiqar. Unravelleing a Discourse of Uncertainty and Distress (JSJSup 199; Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2021). Pp. x + 455. $166. ISBN 978-90-04-47312-6. B.'s book offers fresh readings of the Aramaic Book of Ahiqar, an often under-appreciated ancient wisdom text. In undertaking a comprehensive literary analysis, incorporating both the drama and the sayings together, B. shows that Ahiqar's didactic impulse is founded on a sense of uncertainty about life, offering advice for those in times of distress, much like the titular character himself. While Ahiqar shares many features with biblical instructional literature like Proverbs, the ambiguous cosmic and social order imagined in the text resonates more strongly with the likes of Qoheleth or Job. B. also takes seriously the book's Elephantine context, suggesting that the social and political ethic evinced by the work would have resonated strongly with the Judean community in Achaemenid Egypt. B.'s work unfolds starting with an introduction that is followed by a series of seven chapters, titled respectively, (1) Locating Ahiqar: Materiality, Language, and Intertextuality; (2) Unravelling Ahiqar: Narratology and Discourse in the Story...

ARABIC EQUIVALENTS OF THE ENGLISH MODALITY

The paper offers a general overview for the general linguistic category of modality. This is followed by a description of modal forms in Arabic and English by discussing the linguistic resources that each one of the two languages makes use of in the realisation of modal meanings by categorizing their modal markers into homogeneous groups on the basis of their morpho-syntactic properties and type modal marking. The model of analyzing modality in the two languages is that of van der Awera and Plungian (1998). Conclusions are then drawn about the most general characteristics of the modal markers in each language. Finally, the paper is rounded off with a comparative analysis of the points of convergence and divergence in the morpho-syntactic and semantic properties of modal markers of the two languages

Mutabilities of the Verb byt’ ‘to be’ in the Language of Olonets Lamentations

The article examines the forms of the verb byt’ ‘to be’ in the language of Olonets lamentations, which in their meanings and functions differ from the standard uses of the all-Russian (literary and dialect) language. The forms of the present (e, est’ ‘is’, net, netu ‘is not’), past (by, bylo ‘was’) and future (budu/budet ‘will be’) and their derivatives appear in various constructions (in combination with personal verb forms, participle, infinitive, imperative) in the function of particles, as a rule, with a modal meaning. Some of such non-standard constructions are fixed in the oldest written texts of the north-western area of the Russian language, presenting a mixed Church Slavonic-Russian (hybrid) type of Russian language.

Modality of possibility and necessity in Russian Sign Language

The article discusses manual and non-manual means used to express the modal meanings of possibility and necessity in Russian Sign Language (RSL). It is shown that due to the combination of manual signs, non-manual markers, and means of non-concatenative morphology (in particular, manner of movement), RSL is able to express subtle shades of modal semantics. RSL also clearly distinguishes between semantic domains of subject-oriented modality and epistemic modality: the first one is obligatorily expressed by manual signs while the second one is obligatorily marked by non-manuals. The article also discusses the origin of manual markers of possibility and necessity in RSL: some of them are native signs, in which the modal meaning is mainly expressed by the visual metaphor “from image to meaning”, typical for sign languages, while others are lexicalized borrowings from spoken Russian or have been derived from gestures used by hearing people. It is also shown that in the division of the sematic area of modality, RSL differs both from the surrounding spoken Russian language and a number of sign languages.

Заголовки прозових творів для дітей: синтаксична організація та комунікативно-прагматичний потенціал

Introduction. In the contemporary scientific paradigm, the multivector study of representatives at the syntactic level has been implemented using various discursive and stylistic texts. However, the research of heading of prose for children is fragmentary. In this regard, it is perspective to describe the headings of fairy tales by V. Nestaiko, concurrently directing attention to the systematic analysis of their syntactic structure, morphological expression means, and lexical content. Equally relevant is the linguo-stylistic aspect, which, in combination, allows for the identification of the artist's style. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the syntactic specificity and outline the typology of sentence structures explicating the headings of fairy tales by V. Nestaiko, clarify their functional potential, communicative-pragmatic features, stylistic and structural parameters. The syntactic units presented in the heading complexes are characterized in terms of evaluative aspects, emotional-expressive coloring, modality, realization of authorial intention, and with the purpose of highlighting the originality of the writer's thought and his/her skill in handling artistic language. Methods. The objectivity of the research was ensured by employing a descriptive method, allowing for the classification and characterization of factual material based on a set of defining features. The distributive analysis method facilitated the research of title sentences in terms of their combinatory and contextual features. The comprehensive analysis was used to describe syntactic units with an emphasis on their structure, semantic, morphological, and stylistic features, intention, communicative-pragmatic potential, and modality. Results. The studied headings are presented through several simple sentences, predominantly differing not only in structural parameters but also in emotional-expressive coloring, modality, intention, pragmatic features, and morphological expression. The author actively employs quotations – expressions of fairy tale characters that, in the context of other constructions, create stylistic contrast. The headings of the works are characterized by the presence of animal names and patronyms, as well as exclamations. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by: 1) a detailed description of simple single-clause and compound two-clause structures, complex compound sentences, and non- clausal constructions that model headings; 2) a systematic analysis of sentence elements and their formal representatives – lexical units that have accompanying positive or negative nuances, often serving expressive functions and revealing intentional-pragmatic potential; 3) a comprehensive study of the names of fairy tales in the aspect of modal interpretation, which became a prerequisite for their examination with a focus on the real-irreal paradigmatic feature, as well as means of expressing morphological, syntactic, and lexical-grammatical modalities. Conclusion. The heading complexes of V. Nestaiko's works are informative and structurally rich. They are expressed through syntactic units with varying structures, content, part-of-speech, emotional-evaluative, expressive, intentional, and pragmatic potential. In the headings of the writer's fairy tales, there are expressions that often have the nuances of oral spontaneous communication and implement interrogative, imperative, desiderative, affirmative/negative modal meanings, occasionally modal meanings of probability and necessity. All of this highlights the individual style of the writer.