Mobile Browser Research Articles

New Software Application and Case Study That Simplify Teaching Complex Chemical Solubility and Equilibria

Chemical solubility and equilibria are paramount for understanding everyday systems. Recent events have led to more interest by the general public in chemical equilibria that occur in drinking water systems. This presents a great opportunity to increase student interest and engagement in the more complicated aspects of chemical equilibria. Shiny Apps allow exploration of complex equilibria without requiring that students (or instructors) get buried in the minutia. The application presented here, https://bazilio.shinyapps.io/LeadSolubilityCaseStudy/, can be used for instruction in chemistry or environmental science and only uses an internet browser such as Safari or Chrome; it is compatible with mobile browsers. Students are assigned a case study on the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis which guides them through lead sulfate, chloride, phosphate, and hydroxide equilibria, using the app to explore their intuitions about this complex chemical system.

OmniCrawl: Comprehensive Measurement of Web Tracking With Real Desktop and Mobile Browsers

Abstract Over half of all visits to websites now take place in a mobile browser, yet the majority of web privacy studies take the vantage point of desktop browsers, use emulated mobile browsers, or focus on just a single mobile browser instead. In this paper, we present a comprehensive web-tracking measurement study on mobile browsers and privacy-focused mobile browsers. Our study leverages a new web measurement infrastructure, OmniCrawl, which we develop to drive browsers on desktop computers and smartphones located on two continents. We capture web tracking measurements using 42 different non-emulated browsers simultaneously. We find that the third-party advertising and tracking ecosystem of mobile browsers is more similar to that of desktop browsers than previous findings suggested. We study privacy-focused browsers and find their protections differ significantly and in general are less for lower-ranked sites. Our findings also show that common methodological choices made by web measurement studies, such as the use of emulated mobile browsers and Selenium, can lead to website behavior that deviates from what actual users experience.

A Comparative Study of Dark Patterns Across Web and Mobile Modalities

Dark patterns are user interface elements that can influence a person's behavior against their intentions or best interests. Prior work identified these patterns in websites and mobile apps, but little is known about how the design of platforms might impact dark pattern manifestations and related human vulnerabilities. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of mobile application, mobile browser, and web browser versions of 105 popular services to investigate variations in dark patterns across modalities. We perform manual tests, identify dark patterns in each service, and examine how they persist or differ by modality. Our findings show that while services can employ some dark patterns equally across modalities, many dark patterns vary between platforms, and that these differences saddle people with inconsistent experiences of autonomy, privacy, and control. We conclude by discussing broader implications for policymakers and practitioners, and provide suggestions for furthering dark patterns research.

CEB-Collaboratively Multi-Granularity Interest Scheduling Algorithm for Loading Large WebBIM Scene

<p indent=0mm>With the rise of 5G and VR, the demand on visualizing large-scale BIM scene on mobile web browsers is increasing rapidly. However, due to the weakness of browser rendering and networking delay, it is still rather challenging to access huge Web3D scenes smoothly. Firstly, edge computing is introduced into WebBIM online visualization, and a cloud-edge-browser (CEB) collaboratively multi-granularity WebBIM framework is designed. Secondly, the interest degree is defined for each of BIM components and the multi-granularity WebBIM transmission scheduling is proposed based on interest degree. Then, the optimal viewpoint selection for initial loading is presented in terms of globality of viewing scope, light weightness and interest degree. Finally, the experimental platform is deployed using Alibaba Cloud service, and some large-scale BIM scenes are used for practical transmission testing. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the data amount of loading WebBIM scenes. The initial loading speed is also improved significantly, and there is no obvious delay to occur when users move huge WebBIM scenes through freely.

Pendampingan Penerapan IoT untuk Monitoring dan Kontrol Listrik untuk Petani Hidroganik Desa Kanigoro Malang

The farming profession in the industrial era 4.0 is considered ancient and has no potential and bonafide. To change such a mindset, Community Service (PKM-Unmer Building Village) in collaboration with hydroganic farmer groups to make greenhouse and hydro-gas models accompanied by water flow monitoring (flow sensor), temperature, and humidity monitoring (DHT11 sensor) and electricity control (UPS). By utilizing the IoT concept in a monitoring tool that is placed in hydroganics, it can monitor the flow of water and plants in real-time. To access monitoring, the cellphone must be connected to the same wifi as the device, then enter the IP address using a mobile browser. The method of implementation used consists of three stages: preparation includes a review of partner locations, coordination, and the number of partners and existing facilities, pilot and, socialization. The results obtained from this activity are to accelerate and make it easier to control the hydroganics contained in the greenhouse in real-time. By utilizing a UPS to make the water pump always on, the equipment is not easily damaged if there is an electrical disturbance such as a blackout or short circuit. PKM-Unmer Building Village produces a pilot modeled in a greenhouse, socialization to the community and Bengkel Mimpi farmer groups, and training to make simple monitoring tools.

Web Browsing with Edge Computing

Webpages have become increasingly complex in recent years, with longer loading times to match. This paper uses tailored edge computing to address this issue. As is customary, A grip server interacts with cloud web servers in edge computing. In A footing server, on the other hand, is a personalised edge computing system. referred to as a foothold The Server in the Middle (ESM) collaborates with other servers. users' cell phonesThis research focuses on two strategies based on personalised edge computing: edge aided caching and edge aided reprioritizing. Edge-assisted caching decreases the time it takes for a page to load. Because an ESM saves the cached data on mobile devices, So far, we've got components. Edge helps in the reprioritization of forces on the internet. browser to show visual components earlier and lowers the amount of white space Time spent in front of a screen.In addition, the ESM uses HTTP/2 rather than HTTP/1.1. This decreases the number of interactions between a mobile device and, as a result, the ESM, allowing advanced functionalities to be used. such as priority and server push Edge-assisted caching has been implemented. built in a high-end PC for Google's web browser Chrome for Android is a mobile web browser. Edge aided in an experiment, according to the results. The time it took for a popular website to load was cut in half because to caching. 59 percent in a network that is extremely congested. Another experiment found that edge-assisted reprioritization cut the white screen time of a webpage with a lot of photo photos by 21%. edge computing, reprioritization, mobile device, index terms browsing the web, caching

Blood donors appointment booking and managing system using PC and mobile web browsers in current pandemic (COVID-19)

&lt;span&gt;Blood donation is the main source of blood resources in the blood banks which is required in the hospitals for everyday operations and blood compensation for the patients. In special cases, the patients require fresh blood for compensation such as in the case of major operations and similar situations. Moreover, plasma transfusions are vital in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this paper, we have proposed a donation system that manages the appointments between the donors and the patient in the case of fresh blood donation is required. The website is designed using the Bootstrap technology to provide suitable access using the PC or the smart phones web browser. The website contains large database including information about the donors and their blood group, available time, and other personal information to facilitate the donation process. This system is designed with unlimited abilities to be used by any hospital, blood bank, or individuals to manage the donation process with no constrains.&lt;/span&gt;

Raspberry Pi based SCADA system using Codesys for workshop facilities

This study aims to create a prototype of the SCADA system used to control the lighting source facilities and a fan-based Raspberry Pi in the workshop of the Electrical Engineering Study Program of Politeknik Enjinering Indorama. This system consists of Raspberry Pi Model B, UL 2803 Driver, switch module, relay module, lamp, and fan. Raspberry Pi as a controller or mini PLC programmed using CodeSys software with the ladder logic diagram programming. The System control process can also be done through the HMI display (Human Machine Interface), HMI display is designed using Codesys Web Visualization feature so the system can be controlled through a PC or mobile web browser while connected to the campus intranet network. The results showed the prototype SCADA system that was built was able to control sources for lighting and fans both locally and remotely through a mobile or PC in real-time with an average control time of 200 ms.

A Survey on Web RTC Architecture

Real-time communication is a widely used technique that allows a system to communicate using peer-to-peer architecture in real-time without any transmission delays. The Internet, messaging, video chat and many more are examples of RTC. WebRTC is a standard feature for incorporating real-time multimedia communications into web browsers. WebRTC uses a range of APIs that are licensed by all successful modern browser distributors that can be found in all web and mobile browsers. Web RTC provides a secure connection as well as provides scalability with low latency. Considering the current scenario with COVID-19 there has been a rise in the usage of video conferencing in various industries like health, education for various purposes, it is also a means to enable work from home for a lot of companies.

Detection Technique of Software-induced Rowhammer Attacks

Side-channel attacks have recently progressed into software-induced attacks. In particular, a rowhammer attack, which exploits the characteristics of dynamic random access memory (DRAM), can quickly and continuously access the cells as the cell density of DRAM increases, thereby generating a disturbance error affecting the neighboring cells, resulting in bit flips. Although a rowhammer attack is a highly sophisticated attack in which disturbance errors are deliberately generated into data bits, it has been reported that it can be exploited on various platforms such as mobile devices, web browsers, and virtual machines. Furthermore, there have been studies on bypassing the defense measures of DRAM manufacturers and the like to respond to rowhammer attacks. A rowhammer attack can control user access and compromise the integrity of sensitive data with attacks such as a privilege escalation and an alteration of the encryption keys. In an attempt to mitigate a rowhammer attack, various hardware- and software-based mitigation techniques are being studied, but there are limitations in that the research methods do not detect the rowhammer attack in advance, causing overhead or degradation of the system performance. Therefore, in this study, a rowhammer attack detection technique is proposed by extracting common features of rowhammer attack files through a static analysis of rowhammer attack codes.

Mobile web browsing under memory pressure

Mobile devices have become the primary mode of Internet access. Yet, differences in mobile hardware resources, such as device memory, coupled with the rising complexity of Web pages can lead to widely different quality of experience for users. In this work, we analyze how device memory usage affects Web browsing performance. We quantify the memory footprint of popular Web pages over different mobile devices, mobile browsers, and Android versions, analyze the induced memory distribution across different browser components (e.g., JavaScript engine and compositor), investigate how performance gets impacted under memory pressure and propose optimizations to reduce the memory footprint of Web browsing. We show that these optimizations can improve performance and reduce chances of browser crashes in low memory scenarios.

Who Gets to Define Success? Listening to Stories of How People Value Firefox to Redefine Metrics and Revive a Decommissioned Product

Challenging measures of scale is possible through listening to stories of how people value a product, and envisioning ways to measure success beyond typical metrics like Monthly Active Use (MAU) or Daily Active Use (DAU).Understanding what people value is somewhat complex for a product like Firefox because people might use Firefox every day without thinking much about it. In this case study, we detail how we used Futures Thinking and participatory design methods to elicit stories of how people value Firefox.This case study demonstrates that a relatively small number of meaningful ethnographic insights can be powerful enough to influence business strategy. By creating the space for listening to stories and encouraging stakeholder involvement, we were able to make the case to save one of our mobile browsers, Firefox Focus, despite its lack of scale.

The Seven Deadly Sins of the HTML5 WebAPI

Modern smartphone sensors can be leveraged for providing novel functionality and greatly improving the user experience. However, sensor data can be misused by privacy-invasive or malicious entities. Additionally, a wide range of other attacks that use mobile sensor data have been demonstrated; while those attacks have typically relied on users installing malicious apps, browsers have eliminated that constraint with the deployment of HTML5 WebAPI. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaceted threat that mobile web browsing poses to users by conducting a large-scale study of mobile-specific HTML5 WebAPI calls across more than 183K of the most popular websites. We build a novel testing infrastructure consisting of actual smartphones on top of a dynamic Android app analysis framework, allowing us to conduct an end-to-end exploration. In detail, our system intercepts and tracks data access in real time, from the WebAPI JavaScript calls down to the Android system calls. Our study reveals the extent to which websites are actively leveraging the WebAPI for collecting sensor data, with 2.89% of websites accessing at least one sensor. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the risks of this emerging practice, we create a taxonomy of sensor-based attacks from prior studies and present an in-depth analysis by framing our collected data within that taxonomy. We find that 1.63% of websites can carry out at least one attack and emphasize the need for a standardized policy across all browsers and the ability for users to control what sensor data each website can access.

Designing Parking Lot Finder Application

This study aims to create an application design that can provide information about the available location for parking lot users. Therefore, it is expected to reduce the effect of searching an available parking lot, such as traffic congestion and illegal parking. Literature study and object-oriented analysis and design were used as methods for this study. The results of this study were a design blueprint that could be used to build an application. The application was used for users search the locations of available parking lot nerby them or their destination using web or mobile web browser. Several ways can be used as a source of information about parking lot locations. First, parking lot owners can register their location. Second, users can submit parking locations and other users can verify the submitted location. Third, the government or local police can provide data regarding the parking area, for example, certain roads that allowed for parking. Thus, this application can help users to find parking lot locations and make users more obedient whenever they try to park their vehicles by not violating traffic rules.

메모리 포렌식 관점에서의 모바일 브라우저 사생활 보호 모드 분석

웹 브라우저에서 행해지는 행동과 관련된 데이터들을 저장하지 않는 기능을 사생활 보호 모드라고 하며, 대다수 웹 브라우저에서 지원하는 기능이다. 해당 기능은 사용자의 개인 정보 보호를 목적으로 제공되나, 웹 활동 데이터를 저장하지 않아 웹 브라우저상의 사용자 행위 추적에 대한 안티포렌식 방안으로 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 모바일 웹 브라우저의 사생활 보호 모드에 대한 포렌식 관점으로 분석한 기존 연구가 전무하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 모바일 웹 브라우저 4종을 대상으로 모바일 웹 브라우저의 사생활 보호 모드에서 메모리 포렌식을 시도하여 사용자 행위를 유추할 수 있는 데이터를 획득하였다. 실험을 통해 검색 엔진에 따른 검색 사이트의 URL을 분석하여 검색어 및 방문 사이트를 찾기 위한 키워드를 추출하였다. 또한, 파일 다운로드 여부를 확인하고, 저장된 경로를 추출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 분석된 웹 브라우저의 사용 흔적은 디지털 포렌식 수사에 활용되어 사용자의 행위 파악에 기여할 수 있다.

A Web-based Support System to Measure Fielding Performance in Cricket

This article looks at the implementation of a web-based support system for measuring the fielding performance in cricket using open source technologies. Front-end has been developed using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. The back-end uses MySQL as the database for storing fielding related data. PHP is used to interact with the MySQL database. The web-based support system which is named Field-o-meter can be used to record fielding data, display fielding data, compute fielding performance measure and generate reports. The system has facilities for different categories of users, viz., administrators, data entry operators and viewers. Users need to login to access the system. Data can be added, deleted, displayed and also edited with certain restrictions. Analysis reports may be viewed online. Fielding data can be downloaded in xls (MS Excel) format. Being an online system hosted on a web server, it can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection. The web-based support system is easy to use with a simply designed interface. The system’s interface gets adjusted to mobile devices and as such can be used with a mobile browser. The system has been tested successfully for all the leading web browsers—Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Opera and Safari.

Covert Device Association Among Colluding Apps via Edge Processor Workload

While thriving application (app) distribution systems involving incentivized third-party app vendors are desirable for the emerging edge computing paradigm, they also bring security challenges as faced by the current mobile app distribution systems. This article studies a threat called covert device association , in which the vendors of two apps collude to figure out which of their app installations run on the same edge device. The threat can widely spread when the two apps are popular. It is also a stepping stone for: 1) the de-anonymization attacks against the users anonymous to one of the two vendors and 2) privilege escalation in which the two colluding vendors have united privileges. We show that the threat can be implemented via a reliable and ubiquitous covert channel based on the edge device’s processor workload without requiring any privileged permissions. We present the implementation details for three attack scenarios of: 1) two Android apps; 2) an Android app and a Web session running in the mobile Tor browser; and 3) two Android Things apps. Evaluation on two smartphones and an embedded edge device shows that the covert channel gives at least 0.25 b/s data rate with zero empirical bit error rate and the covert device association can be completed within 3.2 min.

Angel or Devil? A Privacy Study of Mobile Parental Control Apps

Abstract Android parental control applications are used by parents to monitor and limit their children’s mobile behaviour (e.g., mobile apps usage, web browsing, calling, and texting). In order to offer this service, parental control apps require privileged access to system resources and access to sensitive data. This may significantly reduce the dangers associated with kids’ online activities, but it raises important privacy concerns. These concerns have so far been overlooked by organizations providing recommendations regarding the use of parental control applications to the public. We conduct the first in-depth study of the Android parental control app’s ecosystem from a privacy and regulatory point of view. We exhaustively study 46 apps from 43 developers which have a combined 20M installs in the Google Play Store. Using a combination of static and dynamic analysis we find that: these apps are on average more permissions-hungry than the top 150 apps in the Google Play Store, and tend to request more dangerous permissions with new releases; 11% of the apps transmit personal data in the clear; 34% of the apps gather and send personal information without appropriate consent; and 72% of the apps share data with third parties (including online advertising and analytics services) without mentioning their presence in their privacy policies. In summary, parental control applications lack transparency and lack compliance with regulatory requirements. This holds even for those applications recommended by European and other national security centers.

Edge-Assisted Distributed DNN Collaborative Computing Approach for Mobile Web Augmented Reality in 5G Networks

Web-based DNNs provide accurate object recognition to the mobile Web AR, which is newly emerging as a lightweight mobile AR solution. Webbased DNNs are attracting a great deal of attention. However, balancing the UX against the computing cost for DNN-based object recognition on the Web is difficult for both self-contained and cloud-based offloading approaches, as it is a latency-sensitive service but also has high requirements in terms of computing and networking abilities. Fortunately, the emerging 5G networks promise not only bandwidth and latency improvement but also the pervasive deployment of edge servers which are closer to the users. In this article, we propose the first edge-based collaborative object recognition solution for mobile Web AR in the 5G era. First, we explore the finegrained and adaptive DNN partitioning for the collaboration between the cloud, the edge, and the mobile Web browser. Second, we propose a differentiated DNN computation scheduling approach specially designed for the edge platform. On one hand, performing part of DNN computations on mobile Web without decreasing the UX (i.e., keep response latency below a specific threshold) will effectively reduce the computing cost of the cloud system; on the other hand, performing the remaining DNN computations on the cloud (including remote and edge cloud) will also improve the inference latency and thus UX when compared to the self-contained solution. Obviously, our collaborative solution will balance the interests of both users and service providers. Experiments have been conducted in an actually deployed 5G trial network, and the results show the superiority of our proposed collaborative solution.

Rendering Optimization for Mobile Web 3D Based on Animation Data Separation and On-Demand Loading

Based on advances in image processing technology and Web-enabling technologies for mobile devices, mobile Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has developed rapidly. The rendering and interaction of 3D models is an important part of AR and VR applications and is closely related to user experience. However, since the existing WebGL 3D JavaScript libraries for Web-based mobile 3D (represented by three.js and babylon.js) load the entire model file at once, large-size 3D models with complex interactions cannot be rendered smoothly due to limited data transmission, the weak computation capabilities of mobile Web browsers, and the latency of 3D model rendering. In this paper, we first propose model-animation data separation and an on-demand loading mechanism to improve the data request and loading process of Web 3D models. The main mechanisms are the following: (1) The model data are segmented into topological data and animation data sequences, and only the necessary data of the model are loaded when the Web-based mobile 3D model is first rendered. (2) The 3D model animation data sequence is semantically decomposed, and a multigranular model animation data service is established to provide continuous animation data support. (3) An asynchronous request-response mechanism is used to optimize the loading method of the model data. The model rendering mechanism uses an on-demand request and rendering method to transform the centralized loading process of the 3D model into a decentralized process. According to the testing and verification results, this optimization method can reduce the latency of mobile Web 3D in model data transmission and rendering by 24.72% for the experiment models. The interaction experience of Web-based mobile AR and VR is substantially improved relative to existing Web 3D rendering engines and rendering mechanisms, especially in complex interactive service scenarios.