The results of the study of the nutrient regime of the soil according to the phases of spring wheat vegetation under different growth conditions are presented. The peculiarity of the formation of food elements is determined depending on the type of land use. In the fallow lands the content ofnitrate nitrogen, on average, is 35% less than on the grainsteaming crop rotation, and is 51% less than on the graingrass crop. The virgin lands were even less enriched with nitrate nitrogen than the fallow. On natural cenoses, ammonium forms of nitrogen prevail. The maximum relative humuscontent in the upper horizon was noted under the virgin soil (4.1%). The plowed field and the sowing of perennial grasses positively influenced the humus content in comparison with the cultivated arable land, where the amount of humus was minimal (1.9%). A significant part of phosphorus for all types of land use is concentrated in the 0-40 cm layer - 23.2 %. On average, in the meter layer of soil, the available phosphorus under the reservoir was 3.5 times less than at other types of use of arable land. The largest number of mobile potassium contained land of grain-fertilized crop rotation (197 mg / kg) and fallow land (191.25 mg /kg) .Installation ene dependence level of productivity of the method of use of the soil.