Mobile Phones Etc Research Articles

Surface mount multilayer ceramic capacitors as optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters

The choice of dosimetric materials for precise retrospective dose assessment in case of any emergencies is very challenging. Since few decades, electronic components like ceramic resistors, inductors, IC chips, surface mount resistors and inductors have been proven to be suitable candidates for dose estimation using thermoluminesce (TL)/optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. In this work, OSL technique is applied to study dosimetric properties of surface mount multilayer ceramic capacitors (SM MLCC) available in commonly used instruments like printer, computer mouse, USB flash drive and personal gadgets like mobile phone etc. To understand the OSL process involved, the elemental composition and crystallinity of the SM MLCCs were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. It is found that the main constituent is barium titanate with aluminium silicate as major impurity along with some trace elements and is responsible for the origin of the radiation induced OSL signal. Some important dosimetric characteristics like OSL sensitivity, repeatability, OSL dose response, and OSL signal stability upon storage were studied. The stimulation time was optimized as 50 s and used for all OSL measurements. The dose response was found to be linear from 500 mGy to 15 Gy and simply increased (up to 40 Gy). Fading analysis showed that the OSL signal decreases by ∼ 25 % in 1 day, ∼ 50 % in 4 days, and remained stable after that at least up to 8 days. The dose was recovered using single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) technique with very good accuracy. These results of dosimetric studies and validation study suggest that surface mount multilayer ceramic capacitors have potential use as retrospective dosimeters.

A Review Paper on Cyber Harassment Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithm on Social Networking Website

Abstract: Cyber bullying is nothing but bullying with the use of digital technology. Cyber bullying can take place on social media platforms, messaging platforms, gaming platforms and mobile phones etc. Cyber bullying is a big issue that is encountered by the individual on internet that affects teenagers as well as adults. It has lead to nuisances like suicide, mental health problems and depression. Therefore regulation of content on Social media platforms has become a growing need. Also detecting Cyber bullying detection at early stages can help to alleviate impacts on the victims. In the following research we make use of data from two different data sets. The first one is tweets from Twitter and second one is comments based on personal attacks from Wikipedia forums. The approach is to build a model based on detection of cyber bullying in text data using Natural Language Processing and Machine learning. We try to build a model which will provide accuracy up to 90% for tweets and accuracy up to 80% for Wikipedia forums. Cyber bullying detection will be done as a binary classification problem where we are detecting two major form of cyber bullying: hate speech on Twitter and Personal attacks on Wikipedia and classifying them as containing Cyber bullying or not. The end result of this proposed work may reduce negative impacts on the victims as a result of early detection.

Study of Generative Adversarial Networks for Acoustic Signal Enhancement: A Review

Acoustic signals enhancement is an important research topic. It has many applications like cochlear implants, speech and speaker recognition, hearing aids, mobile phones etc. The signals processed by these system are always susceptible to noises. Hence, algorithms are required to extract clean signal from noisy ones. Nowadays , deep neural network are the most sought after tool for signal enhancement. Generative Adversarial Network(GAN) is also one of the recent approaches applied to signal enhancement domain. More work is performed by GANs in image and video processing. To the best of my knowledge no review work on the usage of GANs for acoustic signal enhancement have been done. This paper is a review on the use of GANs for acoustical signals enhancement where speech signal is used as acoustic signal. The paper provides in a summarized manner about the basic GAN architectures and its limitations, feature sets used as input to GAN, limitations, performance evaluation measures and future directions.

Ethnicity, Ethnic Food and Diabetes Mellitus Type II

The topic of discussion mainly belongs to the field of medical anthropology. Medical anthropology is linked to applied anthropology and involves the study of biological and cultural aspects of human beings for the explanation of the impact of culture on human health and as well as on diseases.The environment had a great impact on human health. There are many environmental factors that can bring changes in the health of a person like pollution as water pollution air pollution and some the lifestyle factors like physical activities due to the excessive use of TV or mobile phones etc. Descriptive methodology has been used for the collection of data including methods of an in-depth interview.it is concluded that bringing good or positive changes in lifestyle and having good and unpolluted environment can bring good changes in health and keep away a person from chronic diseases like diabetes type-II.

Energy harvesting from pedestrian movement using piezoelectric material

With the lapse of time, attempts are being made to find out alternative materials as sources of energy to meet the increasing energy demand. Present work aims at energy harvesting from pedestrian movement over piezoelectric material with or without rubber strips. Pedestrian data have been collected from six locations of Agartala city, India. To get more power, mechanical damping is kept low using piezo embedded rubber strips. Piezoelectric materials embedded with rubber strips yield better results than that without rubber strips. Piezoelectric materials connected in Series Parallel Combination (SPC) give better results compared to Parallel Series Combination (PSC). Sensitivity analysis shows that pressure level and walking speed significantly affect the voltage generation. The energy generated by this process can be stored up in super capacitors that meet minor energy requirements such as lighting a small powered LED light on the roadside, charging mobile phones etc.

Is Internet becoming a Major Contributor for Global warming – The Online Carbon Footprint!!

Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled by upcoming 5G (5th Generation) networks. We cannot live one day without internet. More than 70% of us access the Internet on a daily basis which clearly shows the huge potential of this global system of interconnected network and how people around the world get easily addicted to it. Large E- Business and E- Marketing are the outcome of the Internet invasion in human life. But do we really care or think what effect the Internet has on our environment? The reality says in coming years with massive population around 2.5 billion people will be connected to the Internet worldwide, making Internet's energy and carbon footprint will surpass air travel. Hence Internet does not look as green as thought but responsible for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Cloud Storage, use of various search engines and Emails. This article highlights some adverse effect of Internet on planet Earth and environment as well. Some possible remedies are also discussed for cut in our possible online carbon footprint.

A DE-ANN Inspired Skin Cancer Detection Approach Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

As per recent developments in medical science, the skin cancer is considered as one of the common type disease in human body. Although the presence of melanoma is viewed as a form of cancer, it is challenging to predict it. If melanoma or other skin diseases are identified in the early stages, prognosis can then be successfully achieved to cure them. For this, medical imaging science plays an essential role in detecting such types of skin lesions quickly and accurately. The application of our approaches is to improve skin cancer detection accuracy in medical imaging and further, can be automated using electronic devices such as mobile phones etc. In the proposed paper, an improved strategy to detect three type of skin cancers in early stages are suggested. The considered input is a skin lesion image which by using the proposed method, the system would classify it into cancerous or non-cancerous type of skin. The image segmentation is implemented using fuzzy C-means clustering to separate homogeneous image regions. The preprocessing is done using different filters to enhance the image attributes while the other features are assessed by implementing rgb color-space, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and GLCM methods altogether. Further, for classification, artificial neural network (ANN) is trained using differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Various features are accurately estimated to achieve better results using skin cancer image datasets namely HAM10000 and PH2. The novelty of the work suggests that DE-ANN is best compared among other traditional classifiers in terms of detection accuracy as discussed in result section of this paper. The simulated result shows that the proposed technique effectually detects skin cancer and produces an accuracy of 97.4%. The results are highly accurate compare to other traditional approaches in the same domain.

Database Recognition/Journal Indexing Services for Physical Therapist

A “database” is a platform of information recruited in a planned and systematic pattern, configured to a program called as “Database Management System” which interacts with end users, applications and database itself. In other words, database captures and analyzes data, making it accessible electronically via desktop, laptop, tablet or mobile phone etc for serving transformation purpose of past and current acquaintance and advancements along with synthesis of information to develop latest methodologies in advancements. Physical Therapy is a branch of health science which comprise of assessment, rehabilitation through exercise and electrotherapy, manipulation, mobilization, research focused and future advancements through evidence based practice7 and lifestyle modifications to treat conditions related to Orthopedics, Sports, Neurology, Pediatric, Cardio-thoracic, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Community Based and Hand Rehabilitation, Biomechanics and hence improve the overall quality of life. As the author has mentioned in the beginning regarding various database available for healthcare professionally, in the current article the author intends to focus on database for publications from perspective of a Physical therapist/Physiotherapist.

Estimation and Correction of Sampling Time Offsets in Tiadcs using Optimization Algorithm

In recent communication technologies, very high sampling rates are required for rf signals particularly for signals coming under ultra high frequency (UHF), super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF) ranges. The applications include global positioning system (GPS), satellite communication, radar, radio astronomy, 5G mobile phones etc. Such high sampling rates can be accomplished with time-interleaved analog to digital converters (TIADCs). However, sampling time offsets existing in TIADCs produce non-uniform samples. This poses a drawback in the reconstruction of the signal. The current paper addresses this drawback and offers a solution for improved signal reconstruction by estimation and correction of the offsets. A modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm, which is an optimization algorithm, is used for estimating the sampling time offsets and the estimated offsets are used for correction. The estimation algorithm is implemented on an FPGA board and correction is implemented using MATLAB. The power consumption of FPGA for implementation is 57mW. IO utilization is 27% for 4-channel TIADCs and 13% for 2-channel TIADCs. The algorithm estimated the sampling time offsets precisely. For estimation the algorithm uses a sinusoidal signal as a test signal. Correction is performed with sinusoidal and speech signals as inputs for TIADCs. Performance metrics used for evaluating the algorithm are SNR (signal to noise ratio), SNDR (signal to noise and distortion ratio), SFDR (spurious-free dynamic range) and PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio). A noteworthy improvement is observed in the above mentioned parameters. Results are compared with the existing state of the art algorithms and superiority of the proposed algorithm is verified.

A Survey on Mobile Security Issues

In today`s world of advanced science the world is changing, so is our technology. Smart- phones have become crucial part of day to day life. The increased use of smart-phones has given rise to ways we could never think like easy accessibility to net, work or personal information. But with it comes to the risk of security issues like compromised privacy or unauthorized accesses to mobile phones etc, to name some the unique structure makes easy target for malware developers and Hackers. Android for example has a very few restrictions so there is very less security system for end users. So the first target should be to eliminate these security breaches and give users the smooth experience without worrying about these problems. The paper addresses the problems faced with mobile security and how to overcome them. The paper also presents a brief description about what kind of operating system is much more at risk of these attacks and, which is more prone to security breach. It also consists of what fields still need to be researched on as to move forward in better direction. Furthermore, it explains the working of wireless systems and the attacks on it by hackers and how can that be prevented. Lastly it also illustrates about the attacks by hackers, types of attacks done on mobile phones and other related wireless systems and how to prevent them, and what users can do to prevent themselves by these attacks.

Text to speech conversion in Punjabi language using nourish forwarding algorithm

Speech is the most critical communication type in everyday life. Nonetheless, the reliance of interaction of human computer on written text and images makes the utilization of computers incomprehensible for visually and physically impaired and illiterate masses. Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis helps researchers of speech processing to follow up on this issue by synthesizing speech (in Indian local languages e.g. Punjabi, Hindi, Tamil etc.) from written text in browsers, mobile phones etc. A TTS system is a computer system that converts text into speech, i.e. automatically reads the text when asked to do so. This system is a blend of both software and hardware. Generally text (sentence) is composed of collection of words, while words are combination of alphabets arranged in a meaningful way. In this research work, the authors implemented a translation system where Punjabi text is converted into speech by using nourish forwarding algorithm. The accuracy of text to speech conversion is compared with Splitting Algorithm and its efficiency is marginally enhanced.

Narrow Band Gap Ternary Absorber Layer for Solar Cell for Small Business Enterprises in Equatorial Africa

According to recent studies, on the Daily nation newspaper, in Kenya of 6 th January 2017 featured the story, the number of people doing the same thing in surrounding villages was so high that many of them had to leave their phones behind at the charging centre (for up to three days) before returning to pick them. To fight darkness, up to 80 percent of Africans depend on personal generators, candles and kerosene (paraffin) lamps to provide basic lighting. Let’s not even talk about all the other things we desperately need electricity for – iron clothes, pump water, charge mobile phones etc. In this article, we shall focus on the types of solar cell materials that can be used to fabricate solar cell to be installed on roof tops to generate electricity used by individuals and households. Photovoltaic devices are used to convert solar radiation energy into electrical forms of energy for various uses. Current research is geared towards using thin films with wide band gaps to allow optimum penetration of radiation within the VIS - NIR region. Inorganic wide band gap, Cd x Zn 1- x S thin films and narrow band gap, PbS thin films were optimized through chemical solution technique in this study. Wide band gap thin films of Cd x Zn 1- x S were grown at about 82 0 C while those of narrow band gap thin films of PbS were grown at room temperature utilizing aqueous conditions. Their optical constants were investigated and found to be suitable for solar cells applications.

Narrow Band Gap Ternary Absorber Layer for Solar Cell for Small Business Enterprises in Equatorial Africa

According to recent studies, on the Daily nation newspaper, in Kenya of 6th January 2017 featured the story, the number of people doing the same thing in surrounding villages was so high that many of them had to leave their phones behind at the charging centre (for up to three days) before returning to pick them. To fight darkness, up to 80 percent of Africans depend on personal generators, candles and kerosene (paraffin) lamps to provide basic lighting. Let’s not even talk about all the other things we desperately need electricity for – iron clothes, pump water, charge mobile phones etc. In this article, we shall focus on the types of solar cell materials that can be used to fabricate solar cell to be installed on roof tops to generate electricity used by individuals and households. Photovoltaic devices are used to convert solar radiation energy into electrical forms of energy for various uses. Current research is geared towards using thin films with wide band gaps to allow optimum penetration of radiation within the VIS - NIR region. Inorganic wide band gap, CdxZn1-xS thin films and narrow band gap, PbS thin films were optimized through chemical solution technique in this study. Wide band gap thin films of CdxZn1-xS were grown at about 82°C while those of narrow band gap thin films of PbS were grown at room temperature utilizing aqueous conditions. Their optical constants were investigated and found to be suitable for solar cells applications.

Low Power and High Performance 8t SRAM Cell with Double Ended Bit Line Configuration for Improved Write Operation

Objectives: To propose a new 8T SRAM architecture that uses two buffer transistors that help in faster discharging of bit line and boosts the cell performance by reducing its delay, power consumption and improving its write SNM. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: Parameters that we have taken in this design are power, delay and stability. Stability of the cell is determined with the help of static noise margin. For the simulation of the proposed and existing cell, Synopsys tool (C-Designer) and 90nm CMOS technology is used. Findings: We have done our analysis by varying the voltage. We have scale down the voltage from 1.8V to 0.5V. Maximum power reduction is observed in our proposed design. The power consumption of cell is significantly reduced to 0.175 μW as compared to 0.707 μW in standard 8T Static-RAM cell (keeping supply voltage as 1.2V). 8T Static-RAM cell proposed is 85% faster than the standard 8T Static-RAM. The stability of proposed Static-RAM cell is calculated using SNM. The read and write SNM values for the proposed cell is 301mV and 654mV respectively. Application: SRAMs have a wide range of applications for example handheld devices, portable appliances, Desktop, laptop, mobile phone etc. SRAM is used also in FPGAs and CPLDs.

19-3:Invited Paper: Computational 3D Imaging - PSF Engineering for Depth from Defocus -

A digital camera industry has been developed in a decade and has a lot of applications equipped with PC and mobile phone etc. However, optics and basic principle of image projection is not changed in latest digital camera. Computational imaging is a new research area for developing new imaging strategy for combining optics and processing of the digital imaging. Camera optics, such as lens and aperture, make an image on a sensor. The quality of the image is decided by the optical transfer function called point spread function (PSF). Computation imaging engineers the PSF for imaging and produces improved quality or function of the image after processing. I will introduce some examples of the PSF engineering methods; coded aperture, focus sweep in computation imaging, and show the coding improve the depth estimation by Depth from Defocus (DFD) application.

Smart TV forensics: Digital traces on televisions

The Smart TV is becoming increasingly popular amongst consumers. Many consumers use a Smart TV to gain quick access to the Internet including video on demand, social networking and instant messaging. Most Smart TVs also provide capabilities to connect with external devices such as a USB flash drive, a mobile phone etc. All of these features make a Smart TV a potentially rich source of information for forensic purposes. With increasing utilisation, it is also easier for malicious users to abuse a Smart TV. Therefore a digital forensics study on the field of Smart TV is imperative. This paper proposes new procedures for acquiring, analysing and investigating a Smart TV.

Hedonic Price Method for Housing

Hedonic goods are analyzed by "Hedonic price model" and it makes possible to compute the adequacy of price indices in the commodity markets. Hedonic goods involve immovable properties, such as apartment, computers, cars, home things, mobile phones etc. The features of these goods form their prices. Marginal effects of features of goods in forming the prices of hedonic goods can be determined by this approach. In other words, the parameters obtained from estimating the hedonic price model describes the marginal value of characteristics of goods. This method creates wide opportunities for analyzing the quality changes on behavior and pleasure of people.

Hedonic Price Method for Housing

Hedonic goods are analyzed by “Hedonic price model” and it makes possible to compute the adequacy of price indices in the commodity markets. Hedonic goods involve an immovable property, such as apartment, computers, cars, home things, mobile phones etc. The features of these goods form their prices. Marginal effects of features of goods in forming the prices of hedonic goods can be determined by this approach. In other words, the parameters obtained from estimating the hedonic price model describes the marginal value of characteristics of goods. This method creates wide opportunities for analyzing the quality changes on behavior and pleasure of people.

Analysis of training initiatives undertaken for professional development of library professionals in Pakistan

IntroductionInformation explosion means huge growth in information and emergence of information age, which is characterized by the ability of individuals to have instant access to information and to transfer it freely. Information has emerged as important source of education, teaching, research and development, and has immensely affected the modern library and information centers. The convergence of information and communication media such as telecommunications, broadcasting, communication and print media is another important factor reshaping the future of libraries. It has made it possible to acquire and store digitized versions of many different kinds of learning content such as texts, pictures, audios and videos. Growth of electronic resources due to emergence of processes like digitization and automation has the library activities and has also triggered the need for professional development of library professionals. Emerging use of cloud computing in libraries has made it possible for libraries to manage their contents at remote servers. Open source software spread has made the content management very cheap and simple and also made it possible for libraries to automate their resources without purchasing costly databases. Access to information, with the help of telecommunication infrastructure is one of the underlying factors of this transformation process.Moreover, teaching and learning environment has been changed completely with the introduction of web 2.0 tools and has connected the people across the globe irrespective of their physical location. Exchange of information in collaborative environment with library users is made possible with the help of web 2.0 tools like blogs, instant messaging, Facebook, Twitter and wikis. Information has become ubiquitous and it has overcome the barriers of space and time. Now information can be reached with mobile tools like iPod, mobile phone etc. These technologies have connected the library professionals all around the world into social networks for serving library users more diligently. According to Ullah, Ameen and Bakhtar (2011) information and communication technology has not only library and information services but also transformed the information seeking behaviour of library users and they demand and expect the services and programmes accordingly.Continuing technological advances require more professional development of library professionals to grasp basic as well as modern skills and knowledge for using these technologies in libraries. Professional development seems to be the crucial component for information management that will inculcate the ability to apply innovative technologies effectively in libraries for the completion of tasks. Training of professionals can enhance and activate their knowledge in an integrated manner to fulfill users' needs for information. Professional development is the way to enhance the skills and competencies needed for performing the library tasks more skillfully. It enables the library professionals to upgrade their knowledge according to the needs of the hour. Staff development initiatives are very important tools for developing library professionals to face current and future challenges (Khan and Rafiq, 2013). The role and need for training initiatives initiated for professional development of library professionals has increased in recent years. The above cited changing library environment has increased the need for investigating training initiatives initiated by different organizations for the continuing professional development of library professionals to cope with the challenges of information age.Initiative is defined as the power or opportunity to do something before others do it [and] plan or program that is intended to solve a problem. Training initiatives are defined as the programs that are designed to equip library professionals with requisite skills needed for managing a library. …

Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo. Poor Economics: Rethinking Poverty and the Ways to End it. Gurgaon, India: Random House. 2011. 499 pages. Indian Rupees 279.00

In “Poor Economics”, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo have put forward an interesting perspective on how to view the issue of poverty and innovative ways for its alleviation. The lessons in the book are rooted in the 15 years of authors’ research in different developing countries across the globe. They advance the debate initiated by Jeffrey Sachs and William Easterly and prudently bring out the way the poor think and behave. Based on randomised controlled trials, Banerjee and Duflo have enriched this compelling piece of work and shed light on the truth of the poverty trap. The book is divided into two main sections. The first section deals with the private lives of poor and sheds light on the ground realities. This section discusses topics like consumption, health, education and reproduction from the perspective of the poor. It addresses, in detail, questions like why poor people, when they do not have enough to eat, splurge on luxuries like television, DVD players, mobile phones etc. Although the poor do send their kids to schools but it makes no difference to their mental capacity. The authors also show that the poor do not care about medicines but they often indulge in drugs. T