Location Of Mobile Node Research Articles

A Survey of Energy Efficient Location based Multipath Routing in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that communicates with each other in the absence of centralized administration and fixed infrastructure. In MANET each node having a routing capability but their mobility swiftness are different and due to mobile behaviour it is difficult to find out the location of mobile nodes. Due to mobility the routing procedure will affected then the multipath routing protocols are one of best option to reduce the problem of mobility but in multipath routing protocol are phases the problem of flooding. Now Location based routing is one of the ways to find the location of each mobile node through global positioning system and only that location routing procedure will call. But energy is also a one of the main constraint in MANET because if any node having sufficient energy then this one is capable to send, receive and forward the packets in network. This paper grants a qualitative comparison of the approaches in all three areas and examines opportunities for future research.

Location-Aware Fast Link Switching Scheme for Visible Light Communication Networks

Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is an important issue in the design of next generation wireless network. In visible light communication (VLC) networks, link switching is a solution to maintain or improve the quality of communication. In this paper, we propose a novel link switching scheme using the location of mobile nodes (MNs). The current serving transmitter uses location history of the MN to find out which neighbor transmitter the MN is approaching. This neighbor transmitter is chosen to inform the MN as the next serving transmitter. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme gains better performance than non-predictive link switching scheme.

IEEE 802.15.4a와 센서를 이용한 실시간 실내위치인식 시스템

고정노드 2개를 사용하는 이변측위 방법은 건물이나 선박의 복도와 같은 좁은 공간에서 실시간 실내위치인식 시스템 분야에 사용되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 공간에서 고정노드 간 거리가 멀어지거나 장애물이 있을 경우 위치정보 수신율 저하로 인하여 이동노드(사용자)의 위치 추정이 어렵게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제를 보완하기 위하여 IEEE 802.15.4a Chirp 신호를 기반으로 사용자에게 부착된 센서를 통하여 위치를 계산할 수 있는 보폭 측정 알고리즘을 이용하는 새로운 실시간 실내위치인식 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 다리길이 측정을 위한 초음파센서, 사용자의 방향을 인식하는 지자기 센서 및 다리사이 각을 획득하기 위한 관성센서로 구성된다. 실험 결과 제안한 시스템은 통신도달성이 결여된 구간에서 기존 실내위치인식 방법에 비해 2배 이상 정교한 결과를 나타내었다.

An artificial neural network approach to the problem of wireless sensors network localization

One of the imperative problems in the realm of wireless sensor networks is the problem of wireless sensors localization. Despite the fact that much research has been conducted in this area, many of the proposed approaches produce unsatisfactory results when exposed to the harsh, uncertain, noisy conditions of a manufacturing environment. In this study, we develop an artificial neural network approach to moderate the effect of the miscellaneous noise sources and harsh factory conditions on the localization of the wireless sensors. Special attention is given to investigate the effect of blockage and ambient conditions on the accuracy of mobile node localization. A simulator, simulating the noisy and dynamic shop conditions of manufacturing environments, is employed to examine the neural network proposed. The neural network performance is also validated through some actual experiments in real-world environment prone to different sources of noise and signal attenuation. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methodology. Highlights? This research addresses the problem of mobile node tracking in wireless sensor networks. ? The significant factors impacting propagation of signals through media are studied. ? Neural based approaches are proposed to reduce the destructive effects of ambient factors. ? The proposed technique is examined through a simulation study and actual physical experiments. ? The results obtained corroborate the superior performance of the neural based technique proposed.

A Hybrid TOA-Fingerprinting Based Localization of Mobile Nodes Using UWB Signaling for Non Line-Of-Sight Conditions

Recently, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) signaling has become popular for providing precise location accuracy for mobile and wireless sensor node localization in the indoor environment due to its large bandwidth and high time resolution while providing ultra-high transmission capacity. However, the Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error mitigation has considerable importance in localization of wireless nodes. In order to mitigate NLOS errors in indoor localization this paper proposes and investigates a novel approach which creates a hybrid combination of channel impulse response (CIR)-based fingerprinting (FP) positioning and an iterative Time of Arrival (TOA) real time positioning method using Ultra Wideband (UWB) signaling. Besides, to reduce the calculation complexities in FP method, this paper also introduces a unique idea for the arrangement of reference nodes (or tags) to create a fingerprinting database. The simulation results confirm that the proposed hybrid method yields better positioning accuracies and is much more robust in NLOS error mitigation than TOA only and FP only and a conventional iterative positioning method.

A Study of Mobile Node Localization Algorithm Based on Ranging MCL for WSN

Node localization is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor network. This paper proposed an improved RBDMCL algorithm based on traditional MCL algorithm, which can reduce the sampling areas and improve the positioning accuracy by building a node motion model. Then concludes by simulation analysis and comparison that RBDMCL has higher positioning accuracy than MCL in the anchor node density and node velocity.

FHA: A flexible and distributed Home Agent architecture for Mobile-IP based networks

Home Agents (HAs) represent a single point of failure in Mobile IP-based networks. In order to address this issue, researchers have proposed the deployment of redundant HAs on each sub-network. Although these approaches effectively mitigate this problem, they do not take into consideration the requirements of large networks with dozens of sub-networks. Both deploying and managing several HAs on each sub-network could prove to be too expensive. In this paper we present a novel HA architecture that only requires one set of HAs for the whole network. Our basic idea is that the location of mobile nodes can be announced to exit routers. This way, forwarding packets can be done without involving the HA. Our solution provides the same level of reliability as existing ones, while improving overall performance. We validate the proposed architecture by comparing its performance with that of a standard HA, using three network traffic traces collected in different networks. Our results show that, besides the architectural benefits, the proposed architecture would forward roughly 90% less traffic in a Mobile IPv4/NEMO network, and 15% less in a Mobile IPv6 one, when compared to a standard HA.

Enhance Location Based Power Aware Routing Protocol in Ad-Hoc Network

In wireless ad-hoc networks, there areseveral characteristics different with wired networks. Thedifferences are changing of network topology, limitedresources like bandwidth and energy and so on. In thesedays as the bandwidth issue becomes more important, it isrequired to research about the efficient resource allocationmethods optimized in wireless network ks. In the paper,we improve LAR (Location-Aided Routing) which is oneof the most famous location based routing methods. Thiskind of technique uses information about the location ofmobile node through GPS technique. Our new protocolconsiders both areas of routing and bandwidth. At first,propose a more efficient routing method which improvesthe quality of services .Secondly, a bandwidth awaremethod is proposed to select proper transmissionbandwidth node by using a threshold value of bandwidth

Mobility Prediction in Dynamic Grids

Mobile grids are one of the emerging grid types. They help to pool the resources of several cooperative mobile devices to resolve a computationally intensive task. Mobility management is a key challenge in mobile grids which includes mechanisms to track and maintain the locations of mobile nodes. Mobility prediction is one of the most important components of mobility management, which defined as proactively tracking the future locations of mobile users. In this paper we introduce a straight forward mobility predictor that can predict the future locations of mobile users and the duration for which the users will remain in those locations.

Design and Implementation of A New Location Management Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Ad hoc networks are an exciting approach to network design. Not relying on complex and expensive infrastructure, which is required by their counterparts, ad hoc network can operate in scenarios where traditional networks fails such as disaster relief and military applications. Mobile ad hoc network is a self-organizing and self-configuring network in which, mobile host moved freely, due to this disconnection is often occurred between mobile hosts. In mobile ad hoc network location of mobile nodes are frequently changed. Location management is a crucial issue in Manet due to dynamic topologies. In this paper we propose the implementation of new location management scheme using quadrant routing scheme. In this strategy we determine parameters of node e.g. x-coordinate, y-coordinate, quadrant number, distance and angle from proxy node.

An Intelligent Location Management approaches in GSM Mobile Network

Location management refers to the problem of updating and searching the current location of mobile nodes in a wireless network. To make it efficient, the sum of update costs of location database must be minimized. Previous work relying on fixed location databases is unable to fully exploit the knowledge of user mobility patterns in the system so as to achieve this minimization. The study presents an intelligent location management approach which has interacts between intelligent information system and knowledge-base technologies, so we can dynamically change the user patterns and reduce the transition between the VLR and HLR. The study provides algorithms are ability to handle location registration and call delivery.

Mobile Node Localization in Cellular Networks

Location information is the major component in location based applications. This information is used in different safety and service oriented applications to provide users with services according to their Geolocation. There are many approaches to locate mobile nodes in indoor and outdoor environments. In this paper, we are interested in outdoor localization particularly in cellular networks of mobile nodes and presented a localization method based on cell and user location information. Our localization method is based on hello message delay (sending and receiving time) and coordinate information of Base Transceiver Station (BTSs). To validate our method across cellular network, we implemented and simulated our method in two scenarios i.e. maintaining database of base stations in centralize and distributed system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our approach and its implementation applicability in telecommunication systems.

A manifold flattening approach for anchorless localization

We present a new method for anchorless localization of mobile nodes in wireless networks using only measured distances between pairs of nodes. Our method relies on the completion of the Euclidean distance matrix, followed by multidimensional scaling in order to compute the relative locations of the nodes. The key element of novelty of our algorithm is the method of completing the Euclidean distance matrix, which consists of gradually inferring the unknown distances, such as to align all nodes on a k-hyperplane, where typically k is 2 or 3. Our method leads to perfect anchorless localization for noise-free range measurements, if the network is sufficiently connected. We introduce refinements to the algorithm to make it robust to noisy and outlier range measurements. We present results from several localization tests, using both simulated data and experimental results measured using a large indoor network deployment of our WASP platform. Our results show improvements in localization using our algorithm over previously published techniques.

HLLS: A History information based Light Location Service for MANETs

In mobile ad hoc networks, a location service (LS) provides the fundamental service for geographical routing. However, most existing schemes for location service incur a high overhead because of the periodic updates of location information. To address this issue, we propose a novel History information based Light Location Service (HLLS), using the temporal relationship among historical locations of mobile nodes in the network. In HLLS, location information of mobile nodes is propagated by Hello beacons locally, and the location query is performed with the aid of historical locations. In this way, HLLS can eliminate the tremendous periodical location updates and significantly reduce the overhead for location service. Using a combination of analytical modeling and extensive simulations, we show the effectiveness of HLLS in comparison with other approaches.

Distributed Coverage Control and Data Collection With Mobile Sensor Networks

We study wireless sensor networks whose objective is to control the locations of mobile nodes so as to maximize the probability of detecting randomly occurring events in a mission space and to extract information from data sources, when detected, with maximal effectiveness. The control system for the mission is composed of three components executed in parallel on sensor nodes: coverage control, data source detection, and data collection. In order to maximize the joint detection probability of random events in a given mission space, we build upon a previously developed distributed gradient-based coverage control scheme to include three additional capabilities: allowing polygonal obstacles, including limited sensing field-of-view constraints, and preserving network connectivity through a provably correct algorithm using each node's routing information. In order to combine coverage and data collection, we formulate and solve a modified optimization problem with these two objectives. The interactions among the three components of the sensor network control system are discussed and simulation examples are presented to illustrate our results.

Research of network topological control algorithm in mWSN

Relying on this paper presented clustering mobile wireless sensor model, we use the topological control of the combination of the clustering hierarchical structure and sleep scheduling mechanism. Firstly, present a inner-cluster node scheduling algorithm solution of inner-cluster connectivity coverage problem, which can meet user’s expected coverage scale and high-efficiency, avoiding the influence of mobile node location. This algorithm based on coverage analysis theory, deducts smallest mobile nodes number of user’s expected coverage scale , realizes inner-cluster nodes optimal scheduling, which only select k nodes with higher energy and nearer close to fixed node, others should be sleeping. Consequently realizes the schedule of higher energy nodes round sleeping, and better adapt to the mobility of inner-cluster nodes. Then, the whole network use TDMA to uniformly divide the time slots to avoid the interrupt of inter-cluster and inner-cluster communication. The slot scheduling makes the half of cluster realize parallel work, and cross-layer design. Simulation result display by this schedule, EDG(Efficient Data Gathering) decreases data delay, and largely relieves the burden of cluster-head, and has apparent energy-saving effect, and thinks about node’s mobility, can preferably suit to mobile wireless sensor network.

Proactive neighbor localization based on distributed geographic table

PurposeA large set of valuable applications, ranging from social networking to ambient intelligence, may see their effectiveness and appeal improved when supported by the large‐scale, real‐time tracking of mobile devices, either carried by humans or embedded into vehicles. A centralized approach, where few servers would collect position data and provide them to interested consumers, would hardly cope with the resource demand of the foreseen huge increase of users interested in location‐based services and with the flexibility needs of emerging user‐generated services. The purpose of this paper is to propose a decentralized peer‐to‐peer approach to cope with these requirements, for which positioning information flows directly among mobile devices incurring in limited data exchange.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a decentralized peer‐to‐peer approach for which positioning information flows directly among mobile devices incurring limited data exchange. A peer‐to‐peer overlay scheme is introduced called distributed geographic table (DGT), where each participant can effectively retrieve node or resource information (data or service) located near any chosen geographic position. Next, the authors describe a DGT‐based localization protocol that allows each peer to proactively discover and track all peers that are geographically near to itself.FindingsThe authors provide a performance analysis of the protocol by simulating several 1,000 users that move across an urban area according to realistic mobility models. The results show that the solution is effective, robust, scalable and highly adaptable to different application scenarios.Originality/valueThe new contributions of this paper are a general framework called DGT, which defines a peer‐to‐peer strategy for mobile node localization, and a particular instance of the DGT that supports applications in which every node requires to be constantly updated about the location of its neighbors.

Location Update Improvement Using Fuzzy Logic Optimization in Location Based Routing Protocols in MANET

Several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. Many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network. This paper introduces a new schema in management of mobile nodes location in mobile ad hoc networks. Fuzzy logic optimization is applied to a better management of location update operation in hierarchical location services. Update management overhead is decreased without significant loss of query success probability. One-hop-chain-technique is used for Auto compensation. A new composed method can update mobile nodes location when the nodes cross a grid boundary. The proposed method uses a dynamic grid area that ?solves the ping-pong problem between grids. Simulation results show that these methods are effective. The algorithms are distributed and can keep scalability in the scenario of increasing nodes density?. The described solutions are not limited to a special network grid ordering, and can be used in every hierarchical ordering like GLS if the ordering can be mappable on these methods.

Estimated new Routing Scheme in MANETs

High probability of disappointment in Ad-Hoc networks due to energy-tired nodes is one of the main limitations. If some nodes expire early due to lack of energy, they cannot transfer the data with each other. Therefore, excessive consumption of nodes energy should be prevented. Energy conservation of a Network is a major design issue since mobile devices are often embarrassed by the battery. After suitable election of one active node among several nodes an enormous amount of energy can be saved in any local networks. This paper aims energy conservation through hexagonal GAF grid structures with the help of most popular Location-Aided Routing (LAR) scheme. This scheme uses the location of mobile node through GPS technique to improve the performance matrices such as energy saving, routing overhead and network life time in Ad-Hoc Networks.

Localization of Mobile Nodes in Wireless Networks with Correlated in Time Measurement Noise

Wireless sensor networks are an inherent part of decision making, object tracking, and location awareness systems. This work is focused on simultaneous localization of mobile nodes based on received signal strength indicators (RSSIs) with correlated in time measurement noises. Two approaches to deal with the correlated measurement noises are proposed in the framework of auxiliary particle filtering: with a noise augmented state vector and the second approach implements noise decorrelation. The performance of the two proposed multimodel auxiliary particle filters (MM AUX-PFs) is validated over simulated and real RSSIs and high localization accuracy is demonstrated.