Abstract
Recently, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) signaling has become popular for providing precise location accuracy for mobile and wireless sensor node localization in the indoor environment due to its large bandwidth and high time resolution while providing ultra-high transmission capacity. However, the Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error mitigation has considerable importance in localization of wireless nodes. In order to mitigate NLOS errors in indoor localization this paper proposes and investigates a novel approach which creates a hybrid combination of channel impulse response (CIR)-based fingerprinting (FP) positioning and an iterative Time of Arrival (TOA) real time positioning method using Ultra Wideband (UWB) signaling. Besides, to reduce the calculation complexities in FP method, this paper also introduces a unique idea for the arrangement of reference nodes (or tags) to create a fingerprinting database. The simulation results confirm that the proposed hybrid method yields better positioning accuracies and is much more robust in NLOS error mitigation than TOA only and FP only and a conventional iterative positioning method.
Highlights
The Impulse Radio (IR)-Ultra Wideband (UWB) has been applied for the wireless personal area network (PAN), body area network (BAN), and RFID standards IEEE802.15.4a, 802.15.6, and802.15.4f, respectively, because Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) can perform ultra-high resolution of ranging, positioning, and high speed data transmission
IR-UWB has some inherent properties like low power consumption, low cost, little interference to other systems, resistance to severe multipath conflicts and jamming, and has very high time domain resolution allowing for precise location and tracking, making it well suited for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications [1]
Response (CIR)-based FP method with polygonal arrangement of reference nodes and an iterative-time of arrival (TOA) positioning method using UWB signaling for wireless ad hoc networks such as PAN, BAN, and RFID as well as wireless sensor nodes
Summary
The Impulse Radio (IR)-Ultra Wideband (UWB) has been applied for the wireless personal area network (PAN), body area network (BAN), and RFID standards IEEE802.15.4a, 802.15.6, and Sensors 2012, 12. The Steepest Descent algorithm shows the slowest convergence in the final iteration steps, but for maintaining higher accuracy and low complexity the Levenberg-Marquardt method is the most suitable one to estimate a node location among the iterative methods [4]. These iterative methods require initial positioning guesses. Response (CIR)-based FP method with polygonal arrangement (which will be discussed in a later section) of reference nodes (or tags) and an iterative-TOA positioning method using UWB signaling for wireless ad hoc networks such as PAN, BAN, and RFID as well as wireless sensor nodes.
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