Mobile Device Environment Research Articles

A Single Layer 3-D Touch Sensing System for Mobile Devices Application

Touch sensing has been widely implemented as a main methodology to bridge human and machine interactions. The traditional touch sensing range is 2-D and therefore limits the user experience. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel 3-D contactless touch sensing called Airtouch system, which improves user experience by remotely detecting single/multi-finger position. A single layer touch panel with triangle-shaped electrodes is proposed to achieve multitouch detection capability as well as manufacturing cost reduction. Moreover, an oscillator-based-capacitive touch sensing circuit is implemented as the sensing hardware with the bootstrapping technique to eliminate the interchannel coupling effects. To further improve the system accuracy, a grouping algorithm is proposed to group the useful channels’ data and filter out hardware noise impact. Finally, improved algorithms are proposed to eliminate the fringing capacitance effect and achieve accurate finger position estimation. EM simulation proved that the proposed algorithm reduced the maximum systematic error by 11 dB in the horizontal position detection. The proposed system consumes 2.3 mW and is fully compatible with existing mobile device environments. A prototype is built to demonstrate that the system can successfully detect finger movement in a vertical direction up to 6 cm and achieve a horizontal resolution up to 0.6 cm at 1 cm finger-height. As a new interface for human and machine interactions, this system offers great potential in finger movement detection and gesture recognition for small-sized electronics and advanced human interactive games for mobile device.

Bring your own device: a survey of threats and security management models

Bring your own device (BYOD) is used for the benefits offered by allowing the use of mobile devices to perform business tasks, but the following questions should be analysed if any organisation want to adopt a BYOD environment: What threats do currently face mobile devices that are being used in BYOD environments? What are the characteristics of the security models proposed until now in order to manage BYOD? Are there integral security models with the minimum requirements in order to take full advantage of BYOD? What are the basic controls that should be taken into account for designing security policies in a business with a BYOD environment? What are the main differences between security on BYOD environments vs. security on corporate owned mobile device environments, regarding how easy is to meet security needs? By giving answers to these questions, we will be able to have a clear vision of what it takes to adopt BYOD in an organisation.

Bring your own device: a survey of threats and security management models

Bring your own device (BYOD) is used for the benefits offered by allowing the use of mobile devices to perform business tasks, but the following questions should be analysed if any organisation want to adopt a BYOD environment: What threats do currently face mobile devices that are being used in BYOD environments? What are the characteristics of the security models proposed until now in order to manage BYOD? Are there integral security models with the minimum requirements in order to take full advantage of BYOD? What are the basic controls that should be taken into account for designing security policies in a business with a BYOD environment? What are the main differences between security on BYOD environments vs. security on corporate owned mobile device environments, regarding how easy is to meet security needs? By giving answers to these questions, we will be able to have a clear vision of what it takes to adopt BYOD in an organisation.

The User Experience of Smart-Phone Information Hierarchy and Screen Transition Patterns

This study aims to clarify the relation between the information hierarchy and screen transition as a feedback element for user experience in terms of user sensitivity and presence in a user-centered design environment of smart-phone visual perception based on theoretical researches. The result shows that the information hierarchy includes transitions from top to bottom, return, and transitions in the same hierarchical structure. As for tasks depending on the information hierarchy and transition styles, most tasks are sequential movement for depth entry, movement from top to bottom, and return to the previous screen. In a mobile device environment, since containing and structuralizing certain information on a small screen is important, the sequential structure needs transition effects for instant movement within the same configuration. As for tasks depending on the information hierarchy and transition styles, most tasks are sequential movement for depth entry, movement from top to bottom, and return to the previous screen. In a mobile device environment, the flip transition effect based on slides that feature the high transition rates is frequently used. Besides, transition from top to bottom and 'Move' and 'Scale' that have the concept of 'Layer' are also often utilized. As such, screen transition mainly for inter-depth movement is the major usage, but it is affected by the types, specifications of the used devices, internet access means and speed, etc.

A smart scanning-based authentication framework for critical mobile cloud computing applications and services

In this paper we address the authentication process in the cloud environment for mobile devices, which appears to be a major field of study since it is the main entrance door to the offered services. Hence, we introduce a novel approach which is based on a smart Scan Decision-Maker algorithm that we have developed and is built on top of a context-aware authentication system and relies on a cloud-based malware scanning system CloudAV. Our algorithm will form, in conjunction with the two adopted systems, a collaborative framework aiming, on the one hand, to provide an additional security layer so as to thwart advanced malware-based attacks that might bypass the authentication system and, on the other hand, to reduce the risk of online frauds and mitigate breaches of confidentiality in crucial business operations and critical services. As a part of proof-of-concept implementation, we have tested our algorithm in different scenarios.

SeBo: Secure Boot System for Preventing Compromised Android Linux

As the usage of mobile devices becomes diverse, a number of attacks on Android also have increased. Among the attacks, Android can be compromised by flashing a new image of compromised Android Linux. In order to solve this problem, we propose SeBo (Secure Boot System) which prevents compromised Android Linux by guaranteeing secure boot environment for mobile devices based on ARM TrustZone architecture. SeBo checks the hash value of the Android Linux image before the Android Linux executes. SeBo detects all the attacks within 5 seconds. Moreover, since SeBo only trusts the Secure Bootloader from Secure World, SeBo can reduce the additional overhead of checking the Normal Bootloader from Normal World.

Implementation of a hardware security chip for mobile devices

The purpose of this study is to suggest a solution to recently emerging security threats to mobile devices and enable users to use mobile services in a secure manner. To that end, this paper presents the design and implementation method for a hardware security chip required for providing advanced mobile security services. The proposed method could be the fastest and most efficient approach among various approaches. This study implements a Mobile Trusted Module (MTM) chip as a hardware security chip and confirms its commercial potential through interface testing with a smartphone. The implemented MTM chip is based on a smart card IC, and it includes an interface conversion chip that supports the I/O interface with a mobile device. The chip size is 5mm x 5mm, and the chip does not consume more than 10 mA of current. In addition, it provides additional security functions, including the required functions for an MTM chip. Therefore, with the proposed hardware security chip, it is possible to establish a secure service execution environment for mobile devices.

Engaging Teens with Asthma in Designing a Patient-Centered Mobile App to Aid Disease Self-Management.

Despite the growing market of e-health disease self-management tools, few studies have reported the presence of teen patients in all phases of product design. While rates of American teens using mobile Internet grow, an opportunity to deliver disease self-management targeted for teen patients exists. Building on findings from previous investigations with teens with asthma, we explored teens' insights on the development of a patient-centered asthma management application (app). Two existing asthma apps were used by 16 teen asthmatics for 7-10 days. At the end of the trial period, in-depth interviews were conducted with each participant to gather insights about the user experience. Participants requested more asthma-related content that educates them about their condition. Suggested improvements to currently available apps included a longer list of selectable symptoms to track, medication tracking, and more compelling interface features. Participants showed interest in using apps for managing their asthma, yet recommended improvements on current design. Whereas national figures point to a more ubiquitous mobile device environment, implementation efforts must respond to participants' recommendations while minding lingering digital divides. Currently available apps lack appealing components that teens seek or desire. Subsequent development should include teens' participation in component design insights.

Toward Risk Reduction for Mobile Service Composition.

The advances in mobile technologies enable us to consume or even provide services through powerful mobile devices anytime and anywhere. Services running on mobile devices within limited range can be composed to coordinate together through wireless communication technologies and perform complex tasks. However, the mobility of users and devices in mobile environment imposes high risk on the execution of the tasks. This paper targets reducing this risk by constructing a dependable service composition after considering the mobility of both service requesters and providers. It first proposes a risk model and clarifies the risk of mobile service composition; and then proposes a service composition approach by modifying the simulated annealing algorithm. Our objective is to form a service composition by selecting mobile services under the mobility model and to ensure the service composition have the best quality of service and the lowest risk. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can yield near-optimal solutions and has a nearly linear complexity with respect to a problem size.

프롬프트 레이블링을 이용한 적응형 음성기반 감정인식 프레임워크

본 논문은 국내 자작자동차 경진대회 주제를 대상으로 6시그마 방법론을 적용한 종합설계 운영 사례를 기술한 것이다.

모바일 기기를 활용한 고객 개시 카드결제 시스템 설계 및 구현

Payment system is defined as the various contracts and operating facilities for the transfer of monetary value to clear the relationship between credit and debt. Payment systems essentially require the efficient and reliable operations. Card-based payment systems are developed practically and creatively in accordance with the progress of ICT. Especially in mobile environment with intelligent mobile devices such as smart-phones and tablets, a variety of payment services are provided. Existing card-based payment services are configured by the payment transaction initiated by the merchants card acceptance and then swiping into the CAT (Card Authorization Terminal) to begin the transaction. The merchant initiated payment services are now applied to the Wireless CAT (W-CAT) for mobile environment. That kind of payment services cause many problems such the illegal card information leaks and the lingering threat of W-CAT theft. Also, the use of many W-CATs increased cost to the merchant. In this paper, we propose the card holder initiated card payment system using the intelligent mobile devices in mobile environment for solving problems of the existing merchant initiated card payment system and coping effectively with the activation of a wireless data network and changes of information technology.

Video adaptation for consumer devices: opportunities and challenges offered by new standards

Video and multimedia streaming services continue to grow in popularity and are rapidly becoming the largest consumers of network capacity in both fixed and mobile networks. In this article we discuss the latest advances in video compression technology and demonstrate their potential to improve service quality for consumers while reducing bandwidth consumption. Our study focuses on the adaptation of scalable, highly compressed video streams to meet the resource constraints of a wide range of portable consumer devices in mobile environments. Exploring SHVC, the scalable extension to the recently standardized High Efficiency Video Coding scheme, we show the bandwidth savings that can be achieved over current encoding schemes and highlight the challenges that lie ahead in realizing a deployable and user-centric system.

Weakness Cryptanalysis of Liao's Scheme and Improved Remote User Authentication Scheme for Mobile Device

Liao et al.’s has recently announced the suitable authentication scheme for mobile device environment, which can authenticate remote users by using QR code. However, Liao et al.'s scheme cannot satisfy several important security requirements. The biggest drawback of Liao et al.'s scheme is that it is not able to satisfy the mutual authentication between remote users and SP since it is vulnerable to eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle, theft and loss of mobile devices and forgery attack. This paper aims to analyze the problems of Liao, et al., scheme and propose a safe authentication scheme using password based QR code that has fixed the aforementioned vulnerabilities.

An integrated environment and development framework for social gaming using mobile devices, digital TV and Internet

The amount of digital multimedia devices in a modern day household capable of connecting to the Internet has increased dramatically over the last years, including mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets as well as digital TV sets and set-top boxes. Since these devices are readily available and allow customization through software they can be easily used to support and enhance traditional social activities in the living room. This paper presents an integrated environment of mobile devices and digital TVs connected to the Internet used as a platform for exploring both traditional and novel gaming concepts in either a single living room or across different homes connecting multiple living rooms. To create such an environment a framework was developed enabling the implementation of distributed social games, using the digital TV as a display showing game content public to all players and using the available personal mobile devices as controllers and displays showing private portions of the game. The framework also allows the innovative use of broadcast related information and social media during game play. Five different games were developed using the framework. The framework effectiveness was evaluated by comparing TV-centric games developed with and without the framework using size and complexity metrics, additionally application responsiveness was measured using a game developed without and with the framework and compared with a state-of-the-art game controller. The experience of playing the developed games was obtained by collecting and analyzing self-reported data using a questionnaire combined with additional observations from volunteers and researchers.

Dynamic group‐based fault tolerance technique for reliable resource management in mobile cloud computing

SummaryResearches on utilizing mobile devices as resources in mobile cloud environments have gained attentions recently because of the enhanced computing power of mobile devices such as the advent of quad‐core chips. However, mobile devices have several problems of the availability and the mobility. Especially, the availability and the mobility of mobile devices cause system faults more frequently due to dynamic changes, and system faults prevent applications using mobile devices from being processed reliably. Therefore, we classify mobile devices into groups according to the availability and the mobility in order to manage reliable mobile resource. Because information of mobile devices is constantly changing, grouping should consider the dynamic environment. We also provide dynamic group‐based mobile cloud computing that applies fault tolerance techniques using checkpoints or replication in each group. The experimental result shows that our algorithm performs dynamic grouping, which is more suitable for the dynamic environment of mobile devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Analysis of User Experience Quality on Responsive Web Design from its Informative Perspective

This study aims to assess the user experience quality of responsive web design on mobile devices. Data were collected from 156 students at Universitas Indonesia, who were asked to evaluate user experience of web design on one of the following scenarios: responsive web design in both desktop and mobile device environment and nonresponsive web design in mobile device environment. The user experience quality was measured by looking at the number of clicks and scrolls as well as information quality that has been experienced by user. The results of the ANOVA test proved that responsive web design was able to maintain the user experience quality of website on home functionality, content readability, and enjoyment using website but not on the information architecture. In addition, responsive web design was also proven to reduce the amount of scrolling when reading content. However, responsive web design required more scroll and click than nonresponsive one when exploring its information architecture.

An Efficient and Securem-IPS Scheme of Mobile Devices for Human-Centric Computing

Recent rapid developments in wireless and mobile IT technologies have led to their application in many real-life areas, such as disasters, home networks, mobile social networks, medical services, industry, schools, and the military. Business/work environments have become wire/wireless, integrated with wireless networks. Although the increase in the use of mobile devices that can use wireless networks increases work efficiency and provides greater convenience, wireless access to networks represents a security threat. Currently, wireless intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) are used to prevent wireless security threats. However, these are not an ideal security measure for businesses that utilize mobile devices because they do not take account of temporal-spatial and role information factors. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient and secure mobile-IPS (m-IPS) is proposed for businesses utilizing mobile devices in mobile environments for human-centric computing. Them-IPS system incorporates temporal-spatial awareness in human-centric computing with various mobile devices and checks users’ temporal spatial information, profiles, and role information to provide precise access control. And it also can extend application ofm-IPS to the Internet of things (IoT), which is one of the important advanced technologies for supporting human-centric computing environment completely, for real ubiquitous field with mobile devices.

Cost effective data wiping methods for mobile phone

Thanks to the supply of smartphones, mobile phones have come to store increasingly more personal information of users. To protect users' information, the information stored in mobile phones should not only be managed safety but also be deleted not to allow restoration. In the filesystems that have been applied to existing mobile phones, even when users have deleted information, data are not completely wiped from the storage. Therefore, the data can be easily recovered by using forensics tools. Considering that mobile phones are always exposed to the risk of robberies and loss, this situation can be misused for personal information spill. The present paper points out problems in the methods of data deleting from smartphones, proposes an efficient data deleting method considering mobile device environments with limitations in battery and hardware performance such as smartphones, and analyzes the efficiency of the techniques in relation to the types of filesystems and data formats.

Shoulder-Surfing Resistant Smartphone Authentication Scheme Using Virtual Joystick

User authentication techniques such as the setting of passwords are gradually gaining importance as a means of managing important information stored in smartphones. Existing text–based password authentication schemes have the advantages of being quick and easy to use. However, they are problematic in that passwords are easily exposed to shoulder-surfing attack. In addition, a graphical password authentication scheme has the limitation of being difficult to apply to mobile device environments, in which a lot of information must be remembered and small-sized screens are provided. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new hybrid password authentication scheme using a pocket billiard and a virtual joystick, which is secure against shoulder-surfing, brute force attack, and smudge attack and has excellent usability.

DMLRid – An XML-Based Proof-of-Concept MobileDRM Framework for Sharing Learning Contents amongMobile Networks

This paper proposes a framework that helps in closing the gap that exists between the mobile learning environment and students' everyday use of mobile devices. This new framework for Digital Rights Management in systems for mobile learning enhances the ability to define, manage, and share the licensed learning multimedia content among different mobile networks. The major strength of the proposed framework is to position the role of the university in the m-learning value chain as a policy setter, not an implementer. The new framework introduces a new approach that while the university may have a Web portal page for mobile learning material, it should not host or provide the complete delivery service. Instead, the university should let the content providers handle that role. Recognizing the fact that a single licensing authority is not obtainable in the near future, we proposed a new object repository for storing the information needed by a specific university - Digital Mobile Learning Rights Depository (dMLRiD) consisting of two databases, Rights and Data Depository with appropriate standard interfaces. This framework allows for a possibility that multiple University Data Depositories for mobile learning may exist, our proposed framework is flexible enough to allow different implementations.