Mn Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Size-dependent magnetic properties of Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by chemical solution method

Size-dependent magnetic properties of Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by chemical solution method

Cr-substituted Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles: A study of optical, photocatalytic degradation, and radiation shielding evolution

In this work, we investigate the impact of chromium (Cr) additives on the optical, photocatalytic degradation and the radiation attenuation features of chromium-manganese (Mn)-zinc (Zn)-based spinel nanoferrite (named MZCF-nanoferrites. The Kubelka-Munk approach of reflectance results and Tauc's plots were exploited to verify the energy gap (Eg) of the MZCFx ferrite nanoparticles. The nanoferrites MZCF0, MZCF1, MZCF2, MZCF3, MZCF4, and MZCF5 have Eg values 1.826, 1.811, 1.797, 1.784, 1.772, and 1.769 eV, respectively. The comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation for the optimal (Mn0.8Zn0.2Cr0.1Fe1.9O4) nanoferrite sample and many reported photocatalytic materials evidenced that the MZCF5 nanoferrite has methylene blue dye removal ability higher than those materials (96.38 %, in 60 min). Moreover, this comparative study showed the improved photocatalytic degradation stability performance of the present nanoferrites (just 1.65 % efficiency was decreased after five cycles). The present study proposes a novel approach toward spinel nanoferrites, focusing on the optical and photocatalytic characteristics of the MZCFx-nanoferrites that can be applicable in water treatment fields. Examining linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of MZCFx-nanoferrite at 0.662 MeV, we observe increased LAC values 0.286 cm−1 to 0.344 cm−1 with increasing Cr additions. Conversely, the half value layer (HVL) values at 0.662 MeV decreased 2.421 cm–2.017 cm with increasing Cr additions. By comparing the HVL values of the MZCFx-nanoferrites at 0.662 MeV to some selected radiation shielding materials, the HVL of the MZCFx-nanoferrites showed smaller values. These findings offer promising perspectives for optimization of spinel nano materials for use in radiation shielding applications.

Heating efficiency of PEGylated Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Heating efficiency of PEGylated Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Correlation between structure, cation distribution, elastic, and magnetic properties for Bi3+substituted Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles

Chemical coprecipitation was used to synthesize Mn0.6Zn0.4BixFe2-xO4 ferrite nanoparticles with x values from 0.0 to 0.05. XRD indicated nanocrystalline spinel phase with typical crystallite size of 6 nm after Rietveld refinement. The IR spectra show two strong absorption bands. Using IR data, the force constant was estimated for the tetrahedral and octahedral locations to get the C11 and C12 stiffness constants. Elastic moduli (Young, bulk, and rigidity), Poisson ratio, and Debye temperature were calculated using stiffness constants and all decreased with Bi3+ content. All nanoparticles studied are superparamagnetic and lose magnetism with Bi3+ concentration. The behaviors of all these parameters were explained by linking them to the structural changes that are introduced due to Bi3+ ion substitution. Moreover, different models were used to check and compare between both theoretical and experimental values for many parameters. Finally, the magneto-mechanical properties of the ferrite nanoparticles open the door for several daily applications.

Thermomechanical properties of confined magnetic nanoparticles in electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber matrix exposed to a magnetic environment: structure, morphology, and stabilization (cyclization).

Electrospun metal oxide-polymer nanofiber composites hold promise for revolutionizing biomedical applications due to their unique combination of electronic and material properties and tailorable functionalities. An investigation into the incorporation of Fe-based nanofillers for optimizing the polyacrylonitrile matrix was conducted, where the systematic and organized arrangement of inorganic components was achieved through non-covalent bonding. These carefully dispersed nanomaterials exhibit the intrinsic electronic characteristics of the polymers and concurrently respond to external magnetic fields. Electrospinning was utilized to fabricate polyacrylonitrile nanofibers blended with Fe2O3 and MnZn ferrite nanoparticles, which were thermomechanically, morphologically, and spectroscopically characterized in detail. With the application of an external magnetic field in the course of dynamic mechanical measurements under tension, the storage modulus of the glass transition T g of PAN/Fe2O3 rises at the expense of the loss modulus, and a new peak emerges at ∼350 K. For the PAN/MnZn ferrite nanofibers a relatively larger shift in T g (from ∼367 K to ∼377 K) is observed, emphasizing that in comparison to Fe2O3, Mn2+ ions in particular enhance the material's magnetic response in MnZn Ferrite. The magnetic oxide particles are homogenously dispersed in polyacrylonitrile, corroborated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Both nanopowder additions lead to a slight shift of the peak towards larger angles, related to the shrinkage of the polymer. Produced nanofibers with high mechanical and heating efficiency can optimize the influence of the intracellular environment, magnetic refrigeration systems and sensors/actuators by their magnetic behavior and heat generation.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Exhibiting Superparamagnetism

This thesis report delves into the intriguing realm of nanoscale magnetic materials by investigating the superparamagnetic behavior of MnZn ferrite nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their unique magnetic properties, which stem from their small size and high surface-to-volume ratio. The study begins with a comprehensive review of the existing literature on superparamagnetism. The obtained results reveal the Superparamagnetic nature of the MnZn ferrite nanoparticles, focusing on their response to external magnetic fields and their potential applications in various fields. The findings suggest that the nanoparticles' magnetic behavior transitions from superparamagnetic to blocked as the temperature decreases, leading to potential applications in data storage, biomedical imaging, and targeted drug delivery. The implications of these findings extend beyond the realm of fundamental research, opening doors for technological advancements. By understanding and harnessing the superparamagnetic behavior of MnZn ferrite nanoparticles, researchers can design novel devices with enhanced functionalities. However, challenges related to size distribution, stability, and surface modification need to be addressed to fully exploit the potential of these nanoparticles.

Impact of colloidal stabilization of MnZn-ferrite nanoparticles by oleic acid on their magnetothermal properties

Introduction: The development of magnetic agents for magnetic fluid hyperthermia application is a complex task requiring simultaneous optimization of chemical, biomedical, magnetic, and, in particular, thermal properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In the majority of papers, the magnetothermal measurements are carried out on bare MNPs suspended in deionized water with subsequent optimization of the required physiological and medical properties, including toxicity and biocompatibility. However, in real hyperthermia practice, the stable fluids or colloids of magnetic MNPs are used, and the colloidal stabilization can significantly modify their magnetic properties, including magnetothermal ones.Methods: This paper is focused on the study of ZnxMn1-xFe2O4 MNPs stabilized by oleic acid/sodium oleate in this context.Results and Discussion: Our research demonstrates the crucial changes in the magnetic properties and magnetothermal response of ZnMn ferrite MNPs after the colloidal stabilization: while bare MNPs demonstrate significant coercivity, nonzero remanent magnetization, and superquadratic dependence of heat generation on the magnetic field amplitude, the magnetic properties of colloidal ZnMn ferrite MNPs are typical for superparamagnetic ones and their magnetothermal response is described by a conventional quadratic dependence on magnetic field amplitude. Various factors such as size distribution, magnetic anisotropy, and interparticle dipole–dipole interaction are considered as the origins of such an impact on magnetic MNPs’ properties.

A Smart Responsive Fluorescence-MR Nanoprobe for Monitoring Tumor Response to Immunotherapy.

Accurately evaluating tumor responses to immunotherapyis clinically relevant. However, non-invasive, real-time visualization techniques to evaluate tumor immunotherapy are still lacking. Herein, a smart responsive fluorescence-MR dual-modal nanoprobe, QM(GP)-MZF(CP), is reported that can be targeted for cleavage by the cytotoxic T cell activation marker granzyme B and the apoptosis-related marker cysteine-aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (Caspase-3). The probe uses quinoline-malononitrile (QM), an aggregation-induced emission luminogen, and Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF-MNPs), a T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) contrast agent, as imaging molecules that are linked with the substrate peptides specific to granzyme B and Caspase-3. Therefore, both granzyme B and Caspase-3 can target and cleave the substrate peptides in QM(GP)-MZF(CP). Via aggregation-induced fluorescence imaging of QM and the aggregation-induced T2WI-enhanced imaging effect of MZF-MNPs, the status of T cells after tumor immunotherapy and the subsequent triggering of tumor cell apoptosis can be determined to identify tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy in the early stages of treatment.

Dielectric spectrum of a ferrofluid layer exposed to a gradient magnetic field.

A low-frequency dielectric response of a ferrofluid based on transformer oil and MnZn ferrite nanoparticles is investigated in a gradient magnetic field. Four ferrofluid samples of various nanoparticle concentrations were introduced into planar micro-capacitors located over a magnetized tip. The dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 0.1Hz to 200kHz and in the local magnetic field up to 100 mT. The spectra exhibit a dielectric relaxation ascribed to nanoparticle interfacial polarization. The low-frequency spectrum of each ferrofluid decreases upon application of the magnetic field up to 20 mT. The decrease in dielectric permittivity is caused by a magnetic force acting on larger nanoparticles in the gradient magnetic field. It is assumed that the interfaces of the concentrated nanoparticles in the gradient field do not contribute to the effective dielectric response. This reduces the effective relaxation time and shifts the relaxation toward higher frequencies. The dielectric spectra are well described by a relaxation fit function consisting of one Havriliak-Negami and a conductivity term. The fitting confirms that the only effect of the gradient magnetic field on the dielectric spectra is the shift of the dielectric relaxation and the decrease of the amplitude in the imaginary permittivity. This behavior is evident from a master plot, where all dielectric relaxations are superimposed on a single line. The knowledge of the presented behavior of the ferrofluid may be valuable when applying a ferrofluid to sharply magnetized parts of various electrical equipment (wires, tips, screws, nails, edges) as a liquid dielectric medium.

PEG-Coated MnZn Ferrite Nanoparticles with Hierarchical Structure as MRI Contrast Agent.

In this work, MnZn ferrite nanoparticles with hierarchical morphology were synthesized hydrothermally, and their surface characteristics were improved by the PEGylation process. In vitro MRI studies were also conducted to evaluate the ability of the synthesized nanoparticles as a contrast agent. All results were compared with those obtained for MnZn ferrite nanoparticles with normal structure. Microstructural evaluations showed that in ferrite with hierarchical morphology, the spherical particles with an average size of ~20 nm made a distinctive structure consisting of rows of nanoparticles which is a relatively big assembly like a dandelion. The smaller particle size and dandelion-like morphology led to an increase in specific surface area for the hierarchical structure (~69 m2/g) in comparison to the normal one (~30 m2/g) with an average particle size of ~40 nm. In vitro MRI, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility assays confirmed the PEG-coated MnZn ferrite nanoparticles with hierarchical structure synthesized in the current study can be considered as an MRI contrast agent.

Inkjet-printed Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticle core for fluxgate

Non-planar fluxgate sensors measuring the magnetic fields in the μT range are required for electric current, position, and torque transducers. We report the first sensor based on an inkjet-printed 17 mm diameter ring core. The sensor wide open-loop linear range of ± 1.5 mT allows to operate it without feedback. We describe the preparation of the very stable magnetic ink based on citrate-stabilized 13 nm diameter Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles that occur in superparamagnetic regime at room temperature. By printing 100 layers the total thickness of the inkjet-printed core was 2.2 µm. The achieved sensitivity was 10 mV/mT for 25 kHz excitation frequency.

Cover Feature: Magnetic Relaxation and Modification of Thiol Groups on Co‐Mg Ferrite Nanoparticles for Theranostics (ChemNanoMat 10/2022)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been actively researched for biomedical applications. This work reports the magnetic and thermal properties of various types of MNPs and confirms a significant hyperthermia effect of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles in human breast cancer cells. Doping with Co ions with larger anisotropy is a possible approach to obtain higher magnetization. However, Co-ferrite particles exhibit hysteresis in their magnetization curves, hindering the maintenance of the superparamagnetic behavior. In contrast, Mg-ferrite micro-order clusters have remarkable heat generation properties for hyperthermia treatment in external magnetic fields. Thus, new properties can be expected from the synergistic effect of Co and Mg ions. Co1-xMgxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) nanoparticles embedded in amorphous SiO2 with particle sizes of approximately 4.5 nm were prepared using an original wet chemical method. Spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed for Co1-xMgxFe2O4 nanoparticles using a 0.3-T MRI system. The particles exhibited a significant T2 shortening effect compared with that of agarose, depending on the composition. All particles exhibited effective relaxivity, R2, and a significant contrast was observed in the phantom image. More information can be found in the Research Article by Yuko Ichiyanagi et al.

Effect of ferrofluid magnetization on transformer temperature rise

In electrical engineering, the heat transfer can be enhanced by changing the thermophysical properties of insulating oils. In this paper, a single-phase power transformer with a nominal power of 5 kVA is subjected to a temperature rise test with three different transformer liquids. The first test is carried out with a novel gas-to-liquid transformer oil applied as a cooling and insulating medium. The other tests are conducted with ferrofluids based on this oil and MnZn ferrite nanoparticles of a low and a high nanoparticle concentration. The ferrofluids are characterized by magnetization curves, magnetic susceptibility and temperature-dependent magnetization measurements. The nanoparticle size distribution is determined from dynamic light scattering and the magnetization data. From the temperature rise profiles of the transformer at various inner locations, it has been found that the low-concentrated ferrofluid significantly reduces the transformer temperature rise. The enhanced cooling performance is ascribed to the thermomagnetic and natural convection, and increased thermal conductivity. The application of the ferrofluid with the high nanoparticle concentration resulted in a remarkable increase of the transformer temperature rise. The deteriorative cooling effect is attributed to the hindered natural and thermomagnetic convection due to the high ferrofluid magnetization and strong magnetic interaction of the ferrofluid with the magnetic field near the transformer core.

Sol–gel combustion synthesis and photocatalytic dye degradation studies of rare earth element Ce substituted Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles

This paper reports the impacts of cerium (Ce) substitution on morphological, magnetic and structural characteristics of Mn0.5Zn0.5CexFe2-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) ferrites nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via sol gel combustion method. The crystalline structure, magnetic and morphological features were examined by powder X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and scanning electron microscope analyser individually. Magnetic hysteresis (M−H) loops of samples were determined to examine the magnetic properties of synthesized samples. Magnetic measurement shows that samples exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature (RT). The magnetic properties are described in terms of cation substitution and grain size effect. The various concentration of synthesized photocatalyst such as Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, Mn0.5Zn0.5Ce0.3Fe1.7O4 and Mn0.5Zn0.5Ce0.5Fe1.5O4 NPs were analysed under visible light irradiation by the degradation of an aqueous solution of Congo red and Reactive Orange 16 dyes and the sample Mn0.5Zn0.5Ce0.3Fe1.7O4 NPs showed higher degradation percentage 97.25% and 98.42% respectively, than other compositions at 120 min with enhanced visible light absorption range. These performances expose that these nanomaterials are appropriate for high frequency applications.

Mn–Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles by Calcining Amorphous Products of Solution Combustion Synthesis: Preparation and Magnetic Behavior

Mn–Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles by Calcining Amorphous Products of Solution Combustion Synthesis: Preparation and Magnetic Behavior

Comparison study of structural, electrical properties of Copper and Chromium doped Mn-Zn nanoferrites

Nanotechnology, when this word comes at the top of priority list, it gives deep thought of new advancement in correspondence, clinical science and many other fields. Ferrites nanoparticles have incredible importance attribute to their chemical and actual properties. In present day time we are creating materials for electromagnetic applications and specialized gadgets. The series of copper and chromium doped Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, Mn0.5Zn0.5Mx,yFe2-xO4 (x, y = 0.0, 0.1), was synthesized for the first time in this study utilizing the solution combustion approach. From XRD, the authors have analyzed the single-phase cubic structure. For the undoped and doped MZF the electric properties are also decreased that are used for electromagnetic applications. Due to their outstanding properties like electric, high dielectric constant and low dielectric losses, these materials are used for electromagnetic applications

Synthesis of La-doped Mn0·6Zn0.4LaxFe2-xO4 and the study of its structural, electrical and magnetic properties for high frequency applications

Lanthanum doped Mn–Zn Ferrite nanoparticles, Mn0·6Zn0.4LaxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00–0.10 in steps of 0.02), employing oxides of raw materials has been prepared by the conventional solid state reaction (SSR) route. The structural characteristics of resulting ferrite products are investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirming the formation of spinal cubic crystal structure of Mn–Zn Ferrite with privileged orientation along (311). The crystallite size, lattice constant, dislocation density, strain and other microstructural parameters have been traced as a function of the La content (x). FTIR results demonstrate the existence of functional groups associated with Mn–Zn ferrite observing the corresponding peaks at 423 cm−1 and 529 cm−1. The Eg values are lying between 1.23 eV and 1.30 eV studied by exploiting UV–Vis absorption. The ferromagnetic behavior of Mn–Zn ferrite products has been found with the help of PPMS. The saturation magnetization (MS) of bare sample is much larger than that of doped ferrites and decreases with the increasing amount of La content. The coercivity (HC) increases with La introduction and the remnant magnetization reduces from 0.8447 emu/gm to 0.1436 for lower La content (x = 0.02), while it increases at higher La content (x = 0.04–0.10). Dielectric properties and AC resistivity have been extracted from the measurement of impedance analyzer at ambient temperature. The values of dielectric constant are found to be higher in bare Mn–Zn ferrite than La doped Mn–Zn ferrite products.

Investigation on the formation, structural and photocatalytic properties of mixed Mn-Zn ferrites nanoparticles embedded in SiO2 matrix

The structure, morphology and photocatalytic features of the Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles embedded in SiO2 matrix produced by a modified sol-gel synthesis were investigated. The synthesis consists of mixing the metal nitrates, 1,4-butanediol and tetraethylorthosilicate, formation of the SiO2 matrix by gelation, formation of the metallic succinate precursors by heating the gel up to 200 °C and formation of the ferrite system by thermal treatment at higher temperatures. The formation of Mn-, Zn- and Fe-succinate precursors up to 200 °C and their decomposition into ferrites up to 400 °C was confirmed both by thermal analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction provided information on the crystalline phases, crystallite size and lattice constant, while the morphology of the samples was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The crystallite size increased (30.5–53.4 nm), while the energy band gap of the samples decreased (2.09−1.33 eV) with the increase of the Mn content in the ferrite; thus, the amount of manganese nitrate used in the synthesis could be an easy tailoring approach of the mixed Mn-Zn ferrites. All samples showed sonophotocatalytic activity, being able to degrade Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation, Mn0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4@SiO2 sample having the best sonophotocatalytic performance.

Structure and magnetic state of hydrothermally prepared Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles

Magnetic behaviour of nanoparticles deviates from their bulk equivalents not only due to finite-size and surface effects but it may be also affected by occurrence of metastable states, such as non-equilibrium cation distribution. The chemical composition along with the specific cation distribution are decisive for magnetic properties of spinel ferrites, the nanoparticles of which can be easily tailored to exhibit peculiar properties suitable for various applications. The present study is devoted to hydrothermally prepared MnZn ferrite nanoparticles; namely to five samples with approximate composition Mn1−xZnxFe2O4, where x = 0.21–0.63, that were prepared by a surfactant-free hydrothermal procedure at a rather low temperature of 180 °C. XRD measurements evidenced the cubic spinel structure and a gradual decrease of the mean crystallite size from 14 to 10 nm with increasing zinc content, which was further confirmed by TEM analysis. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and temperature-variable magnetic measurements provided valuable insight into the blocking behaviour of particles on two dramatically different time scales and demonstrated that Néel relaxation can be enhanced by increasing the zinc content. Nanoparticles of the selected composition Mn0.62Zn0.41Fe1.97O4 were subjected to neutron diffraction study at 2 K to determine the ferrimagnetic order and in combination with Mössbauer spectroscopy to analyse the cation distribution. The non-zero occupancy of Zn2+ in octahedral sites evidenced a metastable distribution, and the supplemental DFT study revealed that the distribution of Mn2+ is non-equilibrium as well.

Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for application in magnetic hyperthermia

Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for application in magnetic hyperthermia