Abstract
Self-regulating temperature-controlled nanoparticles such as Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles based magnetic fluid can be a better choice for magnetic fluid hyperthermia because of its controlled regulation of hyperthermia temperature window of 43–45 °C. To test this hypothesis magnetic fluid with said properties was synthesized, and its effect on cervical and breast cancer cell death was studied. We found that the hyperthermia window of 43–45 °C was maintained for one hour at the smallest possible concentration of 0.35 mg/mL without altering the magnetic field applicator parameters. Their hyperthermic effect on HeLa and MCF7 was investigated at the magnetic field of 15.3 kA/m and frequency 330 kHz, which is close to the upper safety limit of 5 * 109 A/m s. We have tested the cytotoxicity of synthesized Mn–Zn ferrite fluid using MTT assay and the results were validated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay that provides the naked eye microscopic view of actual cell death. Since cancer cells tend to resist treatment and show re-growth, we also looked into the effect of multiple sessions hyperthermia using a 24 h window till 72 h using trypan blue assay. The multiple sessions of hyperthermia showed promising results, and it indicated that a minimum of 3 sessions, each of one-hour duration, is required for the complete killing of cancer cells. Moreover, to simulate an in vivo cellular environment, a phantom consisting of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in 1 and 5% agarose gel was constituted and studied. These results will help to decide the magnetic fluid based hyperthermic therapeutic strategies using temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid.
Highlights
Self-regulating temperature-controlled nanoparticles such as Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles based magnetic fluid can be a better choice for magnetic fluid hyperthermia because of its controlled regulation of hyperthermia temperature window of 43–45 °C
We report here for the first time, the synthesis and characterization of the auto-tunable Mn–Zn ferrite fluid and their hyperthermic effect on cervical and breast cancer cell lines HeLa and MCF7 respectively, at magnetic field of 15.3 kA/m and frequency 330 kHz which is near to upper safety limit of 5 * 109 A/m s19
To simulate an in vivo cellular environment a phantom consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) dispersed in 1 and 5% agarose gel was constituted and studied
Summary
Self-regulating temperature-controlled nanoparticles such as Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles based magnetic fluid can be a better choice for magnetic fluid hyperthermia because of its controlled regulation of hyperthermia temperature window of 43–45 °C To test this hypothesis magnetic fluid with said properties was synthesized, and its effect on cervical and breast cancer cell death was studied. Maintaining the hyperthermia window temperature using magnetite needs manual intervention of the magnetic field applicator This can be avoided by developing self-controlled heating of the Mn–Zn ferrite MNPs by limiting their Curie temperature. In the case of auto-tunable Mn–Zn ferrites, reported are mostly available on material hyperthermia, with no study reported on the biological systems[14,15,16,17] These studies indicate the potential suitability of this material for MFH with excellent magnetic responsibility, good heating and thermostatic ability, and biocompatibility. The effects of MFH at different time intervals, i.e., multiple sessions hyperthermia has solely been reported by Makridis et al.[18], using Mn-ferrite nanoparticles only on osteosarcoma cell line and no study till date is available of the same effect using Mn–Zn ferrite
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