Mm Of Difference Research Articles

Validité des études cliniques randomisées pour l'évaluation des résultats des traitements de classe II

Despite on-going debates about their efficacy, functional appliances are still widely accepted and used by clinicians. According to the RCTs and their interpretations, the end result would be the same and you will not have more than 2 mm of difference between different treatment modalities; however it has been repeatedly proven that there are significant variations between individuals in relation to their dental and skeletal changes and that is the most important common finding of all the studies in this field. This aspect of individual variation to treatment has to be considered and discussed in detail with patients and parents. We should not forget that the patient has 25% chance of obtaining a very good skeletal result and 25% chance of a very poor result or in between in 50% of the cases, instead of basing our treatment decision on the averages. Despite extensive research including the RCTs in the area of Class II correction using different treatment modalities many questions remain unanswered. Future research in growth and genetics has the potential to clarify important points in patient selection and treatment outcome.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconsruction using Tibialis Tendon Allograft - Comparison of the Results according to the Femoral Fixation Methods -

Resul ts : Twenty-eight patients (90.3% ) in group I and 33 (91.7% ) in group II were good or excellent according to the Lysholm score. T wenty-seven patients (87.1% ) in group I and 33 (91.7% ) in group II had IKDC subjective knee score ＞70. Thirty patients (96.8%) in group I and 35 (97.2)% in group II had 1+firm end or negative Lachman test. Twenty-seven patients (87.1%) in group I and 35 (97.2%) in group II had a negative pivot shift. Thirty patients (96.8% ) in group I and 36 (100% ) in group II had ＜5 mm of difference according to the KT-1000 arthrometer. Twenty-nine patients (93.5%) in group I and 34 (94.4%) in group II were normal or nearly normal according to the 2000 IKDC knee examination. Concl u si o n: AC L reconstruction with fresh-frozen tibialis tendon allograft produced a reliable and predictable outcome after the short-term follow-up. The two methods used for femoral fixation produced similar outcomes.

Advanced Wear Simulation in Sheet Metal Forming

A drawback of former wear simulation of deep drawing processes is that the change of wear caused by increasing the number of punch strokes was not considered. Geometry-Update-Scheme (GUS) which has been proposed at Institute of Metal Forming and Casting considers the changes of tool geometry caused by wear through interactive iterations of forming and wear simulation. The wear depth from simulation using GUS shows maximal 0.07 mm of difference from the measurement at a section of worn die-geometry. In this study, only the abrasive wear was considered.

Dual biological functions of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-interleukin-10 fusion protein and its suppressive effects on joint inflammation.

The aim of this study was to construct and purify a novel interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)-interleukin-10 (IL-10) fusion protein and determine its biological function and anti-inflammatory effects. The isolated cDNAs of two inhibitory cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-10) were used to construct a cDNA for the IL-1ra-IL-10 fusion protein. The expressed recombinant cytokines and fusion product were purified and their biological properties analysed. The anti-IL-1 effect was evaluated by using a thymocyte-proliferation assay, and the IL-10 effect was investigated by the inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production from splenocytes. The clinical response and histological analyses were studied in an adjuvant arthritic rat model. The fusion protein was 38 000 molecular weight in size. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting demonstrated that the purified protein was recognized by both IL-1ra and IL-10 antibodies. The fusion protein significantly inhibited IL-1-mediated thymocyte proliferation and concanavalin A (ConA)-primed IFN-gamma production from splenocytes. The fusion protein also suppressed joint swelling (paw circumference reduced from 5.0 +/- 0.2 to 4.1 +/- 0.1 cm; paw thickness approximately 2 mm in difference) and synovial inflammation in adjuvant arthritis of rats. Our investigations indicate that this fusion protein effectively suppresses inflammatory arthritis and may initiate a trend for future clinical application to target multiple molecules at the same time.

Accuracy of repeated single versus averages of repeated duplicates of probing depth measurements.

The present study aims to determine to which extent averages or deepest recordings of repeated duplicates of probing depth measurements may increase the accuracy as compared to repeated single measurements. In total, 1247 sites were recorded in 8 patients with advanced periodontitis. The patients had received initial treatment. Each site was probed 4 times with time intervals of 100 min. The standard deviation of differences between repeated single measurements of 0.97 mm decreased with a factor square root of 2 to 0.69 mm for differences between averages of repeated duplicates of measurements. Differences between the averages and the deepest recordings of repeated duplicates of measurements showed a non-Gaussian distribution. This implies that the type-I error can not be computed on the basis of the standard deviation of the error with the use of parametric statistical analysis. The best estimate for the type-I error is the observed frequency of differences. The type-I error for differences of 3 mm or more between repeated single measurements decreased from 1.5% to 0.9% and 0.2%, when deepest recordings and averages of repeated duplicates of measurements, respectively, were compared.