Ml Of Saline Research Articles

Topical and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Acyanotic Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionPostoperative bleeding is a common complication in congenital heart surgery. We aimed to evaluate effects of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on postoperative hemoglobin and bleeding in children with acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 50 acyanotic CHD children were allocated into two groups of topical (n = 25) and infusion (n = 25). Children in the infusion group were given intravenous TXA 50 mg/kg−1 after sternotomy. Children in topical group were given 50 mg/kg−1 TXA added to 20 mL of saline intrapericardially before sternal closure. Primary endpoint of study was comparison of postoperative hemoglobin and bleeding between topical and infusion groups. A linear mixed model (LMM) was used to estimate longitudinal changes in postoperative endpoints. ResultsWe did not observe significant differences in children's characteristics between two groups. Also, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes did not differ between two groups but children with intravenous TXA experienced significantly longer intubation time than topical children (P = 0.047). LMM analysis revealed that postoperative bleeding in topical group was lower compared to infusion group (P = 0.036). Also, age of children had a significant effect on mean changes of hemoglobin during postoperative care (β = −0.27, P = 0.030). No children died and none had serious postoperative complications such as seizures and reoperation. ConclusionsWe found that topical TXA is not superior to intravenous administration in management of blood loss. Also, no additional effect was found about topical TXA in further reducing transfusion rates and postoperative complications in acyanotic CHD children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Comparison of the incidence of fetal prolonged deceleration after induction of labor analgesia between dural puncture epidural and combined spinal epidural technique: a pilot study

BackgroundAbnormal cardiotocogram (CTG) tracing may appear after induction of neuraxial labor analgesia. Non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicated by severely abnormal tracings, such as prolonged deceleration (PD) or bradycardia, can necessitate immediate operative delivery. Combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSEA) is known to result in more frequent abnormal tracings than epidural analgesia (EA); however, the corresponding data related to dural puncture epidural (DPE) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the rates of incidence of severe abnormal CTG after induction of DPE and CSEA.MethodsIn this study of nulliparous women with full-term pregnancy, data for the DPE intervention group were prospectively collected, while those for the CSEA control group were obtained from medical records. Neuraxial analgesia was performed with cervical dilation ≤ 5 cm, administering initial epidural dosing of 15 mL of 0.125% levobupivacaine with fentanyl 2.5µg/mL for DPE, and intrathecal 0.5% bupivacaine 2.5 mg (0.5ml), fentanyl 10 µg (0.2ml), and 1.3 mL of saline for CSEA. The primary outcome was the incidence of PD, defined as a fetal heart rate reduction ≥ 15 bpm below the baseline and with a lowest value < 80 bpm, and lasting for ≥ 2 min but < 10 min (fetal heart rate < 80 bpm does not have to last for ≥ 2 min), within 90 min after induction of neuraxial labor analgesia.ResultsA total of 302 patients were analyzed, with 151 in each group. The incidence of PD after DPE induction was significantly lower than that after CSEA induction (4.0% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.0015, odds ratio = 0.243, 95% confidence interval = 0.095–0.617).ConclusionDPE appears to be a safer method compared to CSEA for neuraxial labor analgesia in the early stages of labor for nulliparous women.Trial registrationUMIN-CTR: UMIN000035153. Date registered: 01/01/2019.

Determinación de los efectos embriotóxicos del uso de Atipamezol en modelo in ovo

Atipamezole is a specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and there exists insufficient information on its use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the embryotoxic activity of Atipamezole through an in ovo method. During the first stage of the study, 210 fertile eggs were divided into seven groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the first stage, no application was made to the control group. The second group was administered 50 microliters (µL) of saline solution, while the other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25 and 15.62 micrograms·egg-1 (µg·egg-1) in 50 µL saline solution. In the second stage, according to the embryotoxic dose range determined from the first stage, 150 fertile eggs were divided into five groups of 30 fertile eggs and placed in an incubator. On the seventh day of the second stage, no application was made to the control group. Fifty µL of saline solution was administered to the second group. The other groups were given Atipamezole at doses of 220, 190 and 160 µg·egg-1 in 50 µL saline solution. After the incubation period, the eggs hatched, and the embryonic mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rate was determined to be 39.3% at the highest dose (250 µg·egg-1 = 5 miligrams·kilograms-1 –mg·kg-1–) (P&lt;0.05), while the mortality rate at other doses was determined to be the same as the control group (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion, it can be stated that the dose determined for Atipamezole in this study was very high compared to the recommended doses and it can be used in pregnancy as a benefit-loss calculation when necessary. However molecular or histopathological studies regarding the development of organ drafts are necessary to determine the safety of its use during pregnancy.

Effect of extracellular adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by apyrase on bleomycin-induced circulating and alveolar mononuclear phagocyte activation and lung inflammation.

Effect of extracellular adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by apyrase on bleomycin-induced circulating and alveolar mononuclear phagocyte activation and lung inflammation.

Long-Term Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Femoral Head Osteonecrosis

(1) Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is characterized by impaired vascularization with ischemia resulting in bone cell death, leading to the deterioration of the hip joint. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive potential therapeutic approach in this setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical improvement in terms of pain and quality of life, as well as the safety of the procedure during the follow-up of patients. (2) Methods: A Phase I-II Open-Label Non-Randomized Prospective clinical trial was conducted. Eight patients with idiopathic ONFH and stage < IIC in the ARCO classification were included. Four weeks before therapy, 40 mL of autologous bone marrow was obtained, and MSCs were expanded under Good-Manufacturing-Practice (GMP) standards. Study medication consisted of a suspension of autologous BM-derived MSCs (suspended in a solution of 5-10 mL of saline and 5% human albumin) in a single dose of 0.5-1 × 106 cells/kg of the patient, administered intraosseously with a trocar and under radioscopic control. Per-protocol monitoring of patients included a postoperative period of 12 months, with a clinical and radiological assessment that included the visual analog scale (VAS), the Harris scale, the SF-36, and the radiological evolution of both hips. In addition, all patients were further followed up for eight years to assess the need for long-term total hip replacement (THR) surgery. (3) Results: Median age of patients included was 48.38 ± 7.38 years, and all patients were men. Autologous MSCs were expanded in all cases. There were no adverse effects related to cell administration. Regarding efficacy, both VAS and ODI scores improved after surgery. Radiologically, 12.5% of patients improved at the end of follow-up, whereas 50% improved clinically. No adverse effects related to the procedure were recorded, and none of the patients needed THR surgery within the first year after MSC therapy. (4) Conclusions: The use of autologous MSCs for patients with ONFH disease is feasible, safe in the long term, and potentially effective.

Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: trace element with promising anti-toxoplasma effect

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii which represents a food and water contaminant. The available chemotherapeutic agents for toxoplasmosis are limited and the choice is difficult when considering the side effects. Selenium is an essential trace element. It is naturally found in dietary sources, especially seafood, and cereals. Selenium and selenocompounds showed anti-parasitic effects through antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The present study evaluated the potential efficacy of environmentally benign selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against acute toxoplasmosis in a mouse model. SeNPs were fabricated by nanobiofactory Streptomyces fulvissimus and characterized by different analytical techniques including, UV-spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, EDX, and XRD. Swiss albino mice were infected with Toxoplasma RH strain in a dose of 3500 tachyzoites in 100 μl saline to induce acute toxoplasmosis. Mice were divided into five groups. Group I: non-infected, non-treated, group II: infected, non-treated, group III: non-infected, treated with SeNPs, group IV: infected, treated with co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) and group V: infected, treated with SeNPs. There was a significant increase in survival time in the SeNPs-treated group and minimum parasite count was observed compared to untreated mice in hepatic and splenic impression smears. Scanning electron microscopy showed tachyzoites deformity with multiple depressions and protrusions, while transmission electron microscopy showed excessive vacuolization and lysis of the cytoplasm, especially in the area around the nucleus and the apical complex, together with irregular cell boundary and poorly demarcated cell organelles. The present study demonstrated that the biologically synthesized SeNPs can be a potential natural anti-Toxoplasma agent in vivo.

Protective effects of harmine on Monosodium Iodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritis in rats: In vitro and in vivo studies

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and debilitating disease, which is characterized by joint pain, swelling, restricted movement, and joint stiffness. It affects more than millions of people worldwide. ObjectiveIn this current work, we aimed to assess the beneficial roles of harmine on the monosodium iodoacetate (MI)-induced OA in rats. MethodologyThe in vitro studies were carried out in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and administered with 5 and 10 µM of harmine. In in vivo studies, 2.5 mg of MI diluted in 10 ml of saline (9%) was injected into the knee joints of the experimental rats to induce OA. The 25 and 50 mg/kg of harmine was treated one week before the MI injection and continued for 25 days after induction. The paw volume and arthritis score was measured after the completion of treatments. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, PGE-2, and NO in both RAW 264.7 cells and OA-induced rats using the assay kits. The MDA and antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD) levels were assessed using the assay kits. The knee joint tissues were analyzed by histopathological study. ResultsThe treatment with 5 and 10 µM of harmine effectively decreased the PGE-2 and NO levels in the LPS-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. The status of IL-6 and TNF-α also diminished by the harmine in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The paw volume and arthritis score was decreased by the harmine treatment. The levels of PGE-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were depleted and IL-10 level was augmented by the harmine treatment in the OA-induced rats. The harmine are also suppressed the MDA and elevated the GSH, SOD, and CAT in the OA-induced rats. Further, the therapeutic roles of harmine also evidenced by the findings of the histopathological analysis. ConclusionThe current research suggests that harmine is effective in attenuating OA in rats and significantly decreasing the OA-related oxidative stress and inflammation responses. The harmine also reduced the inflammatory response in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, therefore, it may be a talented agent for treating OA.

Methotrexate Drug Monitoring From Central Access: Can Blood Sample Collection From Central Venous Access Replace Peripheral Venipuncture in Adults?

Intravenous high-dose methotrexate (MTX ≥ 1 g/m 2 ) is frequently used in patients with cerebral lymphoma or other malignancies. In addition to its potent efficacy, it is known to have pronounced toxicity and life-threatening side effects. Regular-level monitoring at short and defined intervals is mandatory. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of replacing peripheral blood sampling with blood samples from central venous catheters for therapeutic monitoring of MTX in adults. A total of 6 patients and 7 cycles of chemotherapy (6 females; 5 with cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 1 with osteosarcoma, median age 51 years; range 33-62 years) were included. An immunoassay was used for quantitative analysis of MTX levels. The measurement points were obtained in the time intervals of 24, 42, 48, and 72 hours, and afterward, every 24 hours until the level was below <0.1 µmol/L. After flushing with 10 mL of saline solution and discarding 10 mL of venous blood, blood was drawn from the central venous access through which MTX had previously been administered. Simultaneously, MTX levels were obtained from peripheral venipuncture. Methotrexate levels from central venous access and MTX levels from peripheral venipuncture showed a significant correlation (r = 0.998; P < 0.01; n = 35). During withdrawal from the central access group, 17 values showed a lower MTX level, 10 showed a higher level, and 8 showed no difference. However, the MTX level difference was not significant ( P = 0.997, linear mixed model). No increase in the dose of calcium folinate was necessary based on the collected MTX levels. In adults, MTX monitoring from central venous access is not inferior to monitoring from peripheral venipuncture. Repeated venipuncture to measure MTX levels can be replaced after establishing standardized instructions for proper sampling by a central venous catheter.

LPS Triggers Acute Neuroinflammation and Parkinsonism Involving NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway and Mitochondrial CI Dysfunction in the Rat

Whether neuroinflammation leads to dopaminergic nigrostriatal system neurodegeneration is controversial. We addressed this issue by inducing acute neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra (SN) with a single local administration (5 µg/2 µL saline solution) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neuroinflammatory variables were assessed from 48 h to 30 days after the injury by immunostaining for activated microglia (Iba-1 +), neurotoxic A1 astrocytes (C3 + and GFAP +), and active caspase-1. We also evaluated NLRP3 activation and Il-1β levels by western blot and mitochondrial complex I (CI) activity. Fever and sickness behavior was assessed for 24 h, and motor behavior deficits were followed up until day 30. On this day, we evaluated the cellular senescence marker β-galactosidase (β-Gal) in the SN and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SN and striatum. After LPS injection, Iba-1 (+), C3 (+), and S100A10 (+) cells were maximally present at 48 h and reached basal levels on day 30. NLRP3 activation occurred at 24 h and was followed by a rise of active caspase-1 (+), Il-1β, and decreased mitochondrial CI activity until 48 h. A significant loss of nigral TH (+) cells and striatal terminals was associated with motor deficits on day 30. The remaining TH (+) cells were β-Gal (+), suggesting senescent dopaminergic neurons. All the histopathological changes also appeared on the contralateral side. Our results show that unilaterally LPS-induced neuroinflammation can cause bilateral neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and are relevant for understanding Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathology.

To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 7% maleic acid on the dentinal tubule penetration depth of bio ceramic root canal sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study.

Background: The main factors that affect the success of an endodontic infection are effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system including complete disinfection by using chemical irrigating solutions and obturation with an endodontic sealer to provide a fluid-tight seal. Using rotary and hand instruments for shaping and cleaning the root canal along with irrigants produces a smear layer on the surface of the root dentin affecting the penetration of the endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules. This smear is difficult to remove with the use of only endodontic irrigants, hence, chelating agents were introduced in adjunct with irrigating solutions for irrigation protocol for effective removal of smear layer which affect the penetration of endodontic sealers into the dentinal tubules. Methods: 32 mandibular premolar teeth were used. The biomechanical preparation was done till Protaper F3 size. Irrigation was done with 2.5 mL sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution after each instrumentation change for 1 min. Samples were then divided into 4 groups according to the irrigating solution used as the final rinse used with passive ultrasonic agitation. The groups were: Group I: 5 ml of saline, Group II: 5ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group III: 5 ml of 10% citric acid, Group IV: 5 ml of 7% maleic acid each for one minute. All the canals were obturated with BioRoot tmRCS with gutta-percha using the ultrasonic condensation technique. For staining the samples for Confocal LASER microscopy, BioRoot tmRCS was mixed with Rhodamine B dye. Results: The maximum penetration of bio-ceramic sealer was observed in the coronal region. At the apical third, the maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7% maleic acid. Conclusions: Maximum sealer penetration was seen in the coronal section followed by the middle and apical section. Maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7 % maleic acid at the apical third.

Evaluation of Microglia Activation Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Loss Presence in Experimentally Generated Rat Autism Model with Propionic Acid

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the behavioral disorders and neuroinflammation that occur in the rat model of autism. Materials and methods: A total of 25 rats, 20 of which were working and 5 were control group, were used in the study. The scores of the rats were recorded by performing a behavioral test before and after the application. A single dose of propionic acid (4 µl, 0.26 M solution) and (4 µl) saline were administered to the brain right ventricles of the rats in the working group and control group, respectively. Hippocampus tissue was obtained after the sacrification process on the 21st day of the rats and examined. Results: Dystrophic changes with small, pycnotic and hyperchromatic nuclei of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region were detected in histopathological studies. It was determined that the primitive cell layer thickness of the working group decreased significantly, and their density increased due to irregular chromatolysis in neurons and abnormal Nissl granule distribution. It was determined that the number of glial fibrillar acid protein positive cells increased significantly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region in propionic acid applied rats. Conclusion: Propionic acid crosses the blood brain barrier. As a result, neuroinflammation, microglial activation and loss of myelin are observed in the brain.

The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of sodium borate on hatching power, chick weight, chick length in fertile broiler eggs. A total of 256 fertile broiler eggs were incubated in the study. On Day 18 of incubation, two groups were injected with 0.1 mL of 0.5 mg and 1 mg of sodium borate dissolved in saline, and two groups were used as sham control (injected with 0.1 mL of saline) and uninjected control. Hatching power was apparently increased (P ≤ 0.05) by in ovo injection of sodium borate (0.5 mg) rather than control groups and sodium borate (1 mg) group. While there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of chick weights, a significant difference was found between group B and other experimental groups in terms of chick length (P &lt; 0.05). In ovo sodium borate injection (0.5 mg) had a positive effect on villus length, crypt width, villus absorption surface (HASA), and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive crypt cells.

Co administration of oxiracetam and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside for the treatment of patients with craniocerebral injury, and their effect on serum S100 proteins and neuron specific enolase

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of oxiracetam plus monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) in the treatment of craniocerebral injury, and its effect on serum S100 proteins and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).&#x0D; Methods: A total of eighty patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 were selected for the study, and assigned 1:1 to control group (GM1 only, 2 mL daily through intravenous drip) and study group (GM1, 2 mL daily through intravenous drip, in combination with oxiracetam, and 4 g dissolved in 100ml of saline daily through intravenous drip). The treatment duration was two months.&#x0D; Results: Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). GM1 plus oxiracetam produced better restoration of cranial functions of patients after craniocerebral injury when compared with GM1 alone, as evidenced by the significantly lower S100 proteins and NSE levels of the study group than the corresponding parameters of the control group after 1, 2, 3, and 7 days of treatment (p &lt; 0.05). More significant mitigation of inflammatory reactions was observed in patients co-administered GM1 and oxiracetam than in those who received GM1 only, as shown by the lower serum concentrations of inflammatory factors {(c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY)} in the study group as compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). A few patients experienced minor adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache, and rash during treatment (p &gt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Co-administration of oxiracetam and GM1 is a viable strategy for the treatment of patients with craniocerebral injury, as it significantly lowers the levels of serum S100 proteins and NSE, mitigates inflammatory reactions, and ameliorates cerebral hemodynamics in patients. The combined therapy also has a good safety profile.

Effect of a combination of pea protein, grape seed extract and lactic acid in an in vivo model of bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal dysbiosis characterized by a malodorous discharge and irritation. The imbalance of the vaginal microbiota plays a key role in the development of BV. It has been demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis (GV), a facultative anaerobic bacillus, is involved in BV. Due to the rising number of antimicrobial-resistant species, recurrence of BV is becoming more frequent in women; thus, alternative treatments to antibiotics are needed. Natural substances have recently shown a great efficacy for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of a product containing pea protein (PP), grape seed extract (GS) and lactic acid (LA) in an in vivo model of Gardnerella vaginalis-induced vaginosis by intravaginal administration of GV suspension (1 × 106 CFU/20 µL saline). Our results demonstrated that the product containing PP, GS and LA significantly reduced GV proliferation. More specifically, it significantly preserved tissue architecture and reduced neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory markers and sialidase activity when used both as a pre- or a post-treatment. Moreover, the product displayed strong bioadhesive properties. Therefore, our data suggested that the product containing PP, GS and LA could be used as alternative preventive or curative treatment for the management of BV.

Triple-tyrosine kinase inhibition by BIBF1000 attenuates airway and pulmonary arterial remodeling following chronic allergen challenges in mice

BackgroundAirway remodeling is an important pathological feature of chronic airway diseases, which leads to a progressive decline in lung function. The present study examined the anti-remodeling and anti- inflammatory effect of BIBF1000, a triple-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGF, PDGF, and FGF receptor signaling in a mouse model of repeated ovalbumin (OVA) challenges.MethodsFemale Balb-c mice were immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 12 with 50 µg ovalbumin plus 1 mg of Al(OH)3 in 200 μl saline. Intranasal OVA challenges (20 µg/50 µl in PBS) were administered on days 26, 29, and 31, and were repeated twice a week for 3 months. Animals received vehicle or BIBF1000 (25 mg/kg, b.i.d.) through gavage from day 26 to the end of fourth month. On day 120, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected for biochemical and immunohistological analysis.ResultsCompared to vehicle controls, treatment with BIBF1000 reduced the numbers of BAL eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by 70.0%, 57.9%, 47.5%, and 63.0%, respectively, and reduced IL-5 and IL-13 in BAL. Treatment with BIBF1000 reduced airway mucus secretion, peribronchial fibrosis, small airway, and pulmonary arterial wall thickness, compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, treatment with BIBF1000 also reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, and iNOS) and inhibited ERK and AKT phosphorylation.ConclusionsThe protective effect afforded by triple-tyrosine kinase inhibition with BIBF1000 in reducing allergen-induced airway and arterial remodeling was associated with down-regulation of inflammatory mediators, as well as inhibition of ERK and AKT signaling pathways.

Targeting Some Key Metalloproteinases by Nano-Naringenin and Amphora coffeaeformis as a Novel Strategy for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rats.

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the highest degenerative disorder. Because cartilage erosion is a common pathological alteration in OA, targeting some key metalloproteinases such as MMP-3, ADAMTS-5 besides their inhibitor TIMP-3 by natural products, could be an effective strategy to protect against osteoarthritis. Forty female Wister rats were categorized into five equal groups. Control, osteoarthritic (OA) (monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 2 mg/50 µL saline, single intra-articular injection), OA+ indomethacin (2 mg/kg/daily/orally), OA+ nano-naringenin (25 mg/kg/daily/orally), and OA+ Amphora coffeaeformis (772 mg/kg/daily/orally). Treatments were initiated on the 8th day after osteoarthritis induction and continued for 28 days thereafter. Finally, blood and knee joint samples were collected from all rats for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. The current study showed that MIA induced oxidative stress, which resulted in changes in the inflammatory joint markers associated with increased right knee diameter and higher clinical scores for lameness. Amphora coffeaeformis followed by nano-naringenin exhibited a potential anti-arthritic activity by reducing the concentrations of serum MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and joint MDA and increasing the levels of serum TIMP-3 and joint GSH, similar to indomethacin. The histopathological results confirmed these outcomes. In conclusion, Amphora coffeaeformis and nano-naringenin can be considered as natural therapeutic agents for osteoarthritis owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy and Imaging Capabilities of 153Sm2O3-Loaded Polystyrene Microspheres for Intra-Tumoural Radionuclide Therapy of Liver Cancer Using Sprague-Dawley Rat Model

Introduction: Neutron-activated samarium-153-oxide-loaded polystyrene ([153Sm]Sm2O3-PS) microspheres has been developed in previous study as a potential theranostic agent for hepatic radioembolization. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy and diagnostic imaging capabilities of the formulation was assessed using liver cancer Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Methods: Twelve male SD rats (150-200 g) that implanted with N1-S1 hepatoma cell line orthotopically were divided into two groups (study versus control) to monitor the tumour growth along 60 days of treatment. The study group received an intra-tumoural injection of approximately 37 MBq of [153Sm]Sm2O3-PS microspheres, while control group received an intra-tumoural injection of 0.1 mL of saline solution. A clinical single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) system was used to scan the rats at Day 5 post-injection to investigate the diagnostic imaging capabilities of the microspheres. All rats were monitored for change in tumour volume using a portable ultrasound system throughout the study period. Histopathological examination (HPE) was performed after the rats were euthanized at Day 60. Results: At Day 60, no tumour was observed on the ultrasound images of all rats in the study group. In contrast, the tumour volumes in the control group were 24-fold larger compared to baseline. Statistically significant difference was observed in tumour volumes between the study and control groups (p < 0.05). The SPECT/CT images clearly displayed the location of [153Sm]Sm2O3-PS in the liver tumour of all rats at Day 5 post-injection. Additionally, the [153Sm]Sm2O3-PS microspheres was visible on the CT images and this has added to the benefits of 153Sm as a CT contrast agent. The HPE results showed that the [153Sm]Sm2O3-PS microspheres remained concentrated at the injection site with no tumour cells observed in the study group. Conclusions: Neutron-activated [153Sm]Sm2O3-PS microspheres demonstrated excellent therapeutic and diagnostic imaging capabilities for theranostic treatment of liver cancer in a SD rat model. Further studies with different animal and tumour models are planned to validate this finding.

Implementing a Novel Orthopedic Polytraumatic Injury Model in Laboratory Mice

Background/Objective: Traumatic injury is consistently the leading cause of death up to middle age and is the largest factor in reducing the United States economic productivity. Currently, there are few murine models that emulate orthopedic polytraumatic injury. Existing models typically require sophisticated vascular access resulting in higher costs. We have identified the need for a simple and easily reproducible model. Therefore, we developed a new polytrauma mouse model which included femoral fracture, quadriceps muscle crush, andhemorrhagic shock. Methods: Sixty 12-week-old, C57BL/6 female mice were used in this study. Briefly, a mid-shaft femur fracture was surgically induced on the right leg of each mouse and was stabilized by an intramedullary wire. Next, the ipsilateral quadriceps muscle underwent an interval of crushing injury. Then, to create hemorrhagic shock, mice had approximately 400μL removed through the retroorbital sinus. Lasty, mice were resuscitated with intraperitoneal 1.6 ml of saline 90 minutes later. Other mice served as uninjured controls. Splenocytes were harvested in the control group and at 0-, 1-, 4-, and 24-hours post-trauma (n=12/group). Flow cytometric analyses and animal survival were examined. Results: Of the 48 C57BL/6 mice undergoing the polytrauma model, all survived to their respective time point. There was a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in neutrophils from the 4-hour cohort compared to the control. There were also significant increases in the 24-hour group in natural killer (NK) cells compared to control (p&lt;0.05), 0-hour (p&lt;0.0001),1-hour (p&lt;0.0001), and 4-hour groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The survival of all of the mice shows the effectiveness of this model to emulate non-fatal, poly-traumatic injuries. Additionally, increased levels of neutrophils, and NK cells, along with steady levels of B cells are consistent with the known immunologic traumatic response, further validating this model’s ability to create survivable polytrauma conditions.

Intraosseous Vancomycin May Not Be Helpful in Aseptic Revision Knee Arthroplasty: A Single-Surgeon Consecutive Case Series

BackgroundInfection after aseptic revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been reported from 9% to 14%. Intraosseous (IO) vancomycin infusion has decreased the risk of infection after primary TKA. The results of this additional prophylaxis were evaluated in aseptic revision TKA. MethodsIn this prospective, single-surgeon study of 20 consecutive patients having aseptic revision TKA, 500 milligrams of vancomycin in 120 mL of saline were infused into the tibia prior to incision, in addition to intravenous (IV) cefazolin. There were 18 men and 2 women who had a mean age of 67 years (range, 47-79), and mean body mass index of 34.4 (range, 25.9-51.2). The knees were aspirated in the operating room prior to IV and IO antibiotics. The outcomes were infections at 90 days requiring reoperation and complications from the infusion. ResultsThree of the 20 aseptic revisions had early prosthetic joint infection, 2 with gram-negative organisms and one with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All had debridement, liner exchange and IV antibiotic treatment, but 1 patient eventually had an above knee amputation. No patient had total body “erythema syndrome”, but 1 patient had transient facial flushing. Six patients had a transient elevation of serum creatinine including 3 with an abnormal preoperative serum creatinine. ConclusionIn this small series of aseptic revision TKA, there was no added benefit of IO vancomycin infusion, but there were no infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additional studies are needed before this technique should be routinely recommended.

Ketamine-dexmedetomidine combined with local anesthesia, with or without different doses of atipamezole in the postoperative period, for orchiectomy in cats.

To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine-dexmedetomidine combined with local anesthesia, associated or not in the postoperative period with different doses of atipamezole, for orchiectomy in cats. 24 healthy cats. Cats received ketamine (7 mg/kg) combined with dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) IM, and 1 mL of saline (group KDSAL), 25 µg/kg (group KDAT25), or 50 µg/kg (group KDAT50) of atipamezole IV, postoperatively. All cats received local anesthesia (2 mg/kg of lidocaine) intratesticular and SC. Physiologic variables were recorded at baseline and at time points during anesthesia. Ketamine rescue dose (1 mg/kg) was recorded. The quality of recovery, the degree of sedation, and side effects were evaluated postoperatively. 2 cats received a single additional bolus of ketamine to perform local anesthesia. Heart rate was lower in KDSAL, KDAT25, and KDAT50 during anesthesia, compared with baseline. Hypertension was observed intraoperatively in all groups. The time to head up, pedal reflex regained time, time to sternal recumbency, and time to standing were shorter in KDAT25 and KDAT50 compared to KDSAL. Lower sedation scores were assigned sooner to KDAT25 and KDAT50 than KDSAL. All groups resulted in low recovery quality scores and no side effects. At the doses used, ketamine-dexmedetomidine combined with local anesthesia allowed the performance of orchiectomy. Rescue dose of ketamine for performing local anesthesia may be required. This combination can result in hypertension. Both atipamezole doses shortened the anesthetic recovery, without differences among them, and side effects.