Ml Of Physiological Saline Research Articles

Calcium gluconate infusion is not as effective as dopamine agonists in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of calcium gluconate and cabergoline therapy in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Eight hundred and forty-five women who underwent GnRH antagonist protocol and at high risk for developing OHSS were divided into two groups, those given cabergoline (n=435) or calcium gluconate (n=410). In cabergoline group, 0.5 mg of cabergoline was administered once daily p.o. starting on the day of ovulation trigger and continued until the following 8 days. In calcium gluconate group, intravenous calcium gluconate was administered daily for four days starting on the day of oocyte pickup (OPU). 10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate solution was dissolved in 200 ml of physiological saline and administered by intravenous route within 40 minutes. Infusion was started within the first 30 minutes following the OPU and continued on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after OPU. Mild OHSS was developed in 367 (89%) patients receiving calcium gluconate infusion, while 251 patients (57%) in the cabergoline group developed mild OHSS. The frequency of mild OHSS in the calcium group was significantly higher than the cabergoline group (p<.001). Moderate OHSS was observed in 32 people (7.8%) in the calcium gluconate group, while it was observed in 184 people in the cabergoline group (42.3%). Calcium gluconate infusion significantly reduced the development of moderate OHSS compared to cabergoline therapy (p<.001). Severe OHSS developed in 11 patients (2.7%) in the calcium gluconate group, while severe OHSS did not develop in those given cabergoline (0%, p<.001). Clinical pregnancy, live birth and abortion rates were similar in the two groups. When logistic regression analysis was performed, a significant correlation was found between age, BMI, AMH, the number of antral follicle count, OHSS history, paracentesis, progesterone on the day of hCG, 2 PN zygotes, and HbA1c levels and the development of OHSS. No correlation was found between the use of metformin or cetrotide and the development of OHSS. Calcium gluconate treatment is not effective in the prevention of OHSS.

Doxycycline: An Antibiotic Attenuates Oxidant Stress, Perturbation of Lipid Metabolites, and Antioxidants against Vanadium Toxicity in Rat Hepatocytes

Background The liver is target following exposure to pentavalent vanadium (V5+). Doxycycline is an antioxidant that prevents the progression of disease through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Aim The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of doxycycline against vanadium-induced hepatoxicity. Methods Sixty two male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were equally divided into the following four groups: control group (received 0.2 mL of physiological saline), doxycycline control group (received 4 mg/kg body weight on day 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight daily thereafter), vanadium group (received elemental vanadium 1.5 mg/kg-body weight in distilled water), and concomitantly treated group (doxycycline + vanadium) received (doxycycline 4 mg/kg body weight on day 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight thereafter + vanadium 1.5 mg/kg body weight), all given orally for 10 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation 24 hours after the last dose. The liver was removed rapidly and processed for the evaluation of metabolic variables: phospholipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, gangliosides, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, calcium, acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. Results Vanadium administration significantly reduced (−60 g) the body weight and significantly increased (+28%) the relative liver weight compared with controls. The rats exhibited neurological function deficits. Vanadium administration decreased the concentrations of metabolic variables compared with controls, cerebrosides (−50%), cholesterol (−39%), phospholipids (−18%), GSH (−45%), and inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (–48%). Gangliosides (+ 38%), vitamin C (+ 20%), and calcium (+ 80%) were increased together with an enhancement (+64%) in lipid peroxidation. The combined treatment (vanadium and doxycycline) significantly increased (+25 g) the body weight and relative liver weight of rat was significantly reduced (+5%) compared with vanadium administered group. The levels of metabolic variables were significantly reversed in this group in the following order: cholesterol (+17%), phospholipids (+7%), vitamin C (−14%), acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity (−27%) together with inhibition (−16%) of lipid peroxidation. All levels were (p &lt; 0.05). Doxycycline presented no effect on the levels of GSH, cerebrosides, and gangliosides. Conclusion Results of this study suggested vanadium-induced oxidation of lipids and sphingolipids in hepatocytes and much of GSH was consumed against high production of reactive oxygen species. Doxycycline protected against vanadium-induced oxidative damage that could be attributed to its free radical scavenging effects on membrane-bound lipids and acetylcholinesterase enzyme.

Oral Water Has Cardiovascular Effects Up to 60 min in Shock Patients.

Aim: Little is known about the cardiovascular effects of oral water intake in shock patients. This study was designed to assess the effect of oral water on stroke volume and blood pressure during a 1-h time period.Method and Results: This open-label, randomized clinical trial included patients admitted to intensive care with acute circulatory failure. Three ICU units at the anesthesia and critical care department of the Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital. Patients were randomized 1:1 to an intervention or standard care group. The intervention group received 500 ml of oral water while the standard care group received intravenous administration of 500 ml of physiological saline solution. Baseline SV did not differ between the two groups (36 ml [28;51] vs. 38 ml [30;51], p = 0.952). The number of patients who were fluid responders did not differ between the two groups [n = 19 (76%) vs. n = 18 (72%), p = 1]. The median change in stroke volume during the three time points did not differ between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the intervention group, blood pressure increased up to 60 min. In the control group, blood pressure quickly increased at the end of fluid expansion, then returned close to baseline value at 60 min.Conclusion: Shock patients who were administered oral water experienced improvements in blood pressure and blood flow up to 60 min when compared with patients who received intravenous saline solution. Further studies are warranted to confirm these effects.Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT03951519.

235 Uterine Function During Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy Differs Due to Size of the Ovarian Reserve in Beef Heifers

Abstract The relationship of ovarian reserve parameters to fertility in mammalian females continues to be debated. We demonstrated improved uterine function, creating an environment that is more supportive of early embryonic development in beef heifers with increased numbers of follicles. In the present study we hypothesized that timing of luteolysis differs between heifers with increased compared to heifers with diminished numbers of follicles. Angus heifers (n = 20/ group) were classified as low (14.7 ± 1.1) or high (32 ± 1.1) antral follicle number based on ovarian ultrasonography, and artificially inseminated (d0) following a Select Synch protocol. At d16 after insemination, heifers were slaughtered, and reproductive tracts collected. Tracts were flushed with 20 mL of physiological saline to determine pregnancy status by presence of a conceptus and endometrial samples from the horn ipsilateral to the CL were frozen for determination of transcript abundance. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine relative transcript abundance of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) with glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase as the endogenous reference gene. Transcript abundance was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with follicle group, pregnancy status and the interaction as fixed effects. Transcript abundance of ISG15 was greater in pregnant endometrium than non-pregnant endometrium (2.75 ± 0.25 vs 0.16 ± 0.22-fold; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) with no influence of follicle group or the interaction. The interaction of follicle group and pregnancy status influenced OXTR transcript abundance (P = 0.06). Luteolytic mechanisms were activated in non-pregnant heifers with diminished numbers of follicles (1.46 ± 0.25-fold) and were not activated in pregnant heifers (0.06 ± 0.22-fold) or heifers with increased numbers of follicles that were not pregnant (0.32 ± 0.30-fold). These data indicate a wider window of recognition of pregnancy in beef heifers with increased numbers of ovarian follicles. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Dietary zinc concentration and lipopolysaccharide injection affect circulating trace minerals, acute phase protein response, and behavior as evaluated by an ear-tag-based accelerometer in beef steers.

To assess plasma trace mineral (TM) concentrations, the acute phase protein response, and behavior in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, 96 Angus cross steers (average initial body weight [BW]: 285 ± 14.4 kg) were sorted into two groups by BW (heavy and light; n = 48/group), fitted with an ear-tag–based accelerometer (CowManager SensOor; Agis, Harmelen, Netherlands), and stagger started 14 d apart. Consecutive day BW was recorded to start the 24-d trial (days −1 and 0). Dietary treatments began on day 0: common diet with either 30 (Zn30) or 100 (Zn100) mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZnSO4). On day 17, steers received one of the following injection treatments intravenously to complete the 2 × 3 factorial: 1) SALINE (~2–3 mL of physiological saline), 2) LOWLPS: 0.25 µg LPS/kg BW, or 3) HIGHLPS: 0.375 µg LPS/kg BW. Blood, rectal temperature (RT), and BW were recorded on day 16 (−24 h relative to injection), and BW was used to assign injection treatment. Approximately 6, 24 (day 18), and 48 (day 19) h after treatment, BW, RT, and blood were collected, and final BW recorded on day 24. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, injection, diet × injection; for BW, RT, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma TM, and haptoglobin-repeated measures analysis were used to evaluate effects over time. Area under the curve analysis determined by GraphPad Prism was used for analysis of accelerometer data. Body weight was unaffected by diet or injection (P ≥ 0.16), but there was an injection × time effect for DMI and RT (P < 0.05), where DMI decreased in both LPS treatments on day 16, but recovered by day 17, and RT was increased in LPS treatments 6 h post-injection. Steers receiving LPS spent less time highly active and eating than SALINE (P < 0.01). Steers in HIGHLPS spent lesser time ruminating, followed by LOWLPS and then SALINE (P < 0.001). An injection × time effect (P < 0.001) for plasma Zn showed decreased concentrations within 6 h of injection and remained decreased through 24 h before recovering by 48 h. A tendency for a diet × time effect (P = 0.06) on plasma Zn suggests plasma Zn repletion occurred at a greater rate in Zn100 compared to Zn30. These results suggest that increased supplemental Zn may alter the rate of recovery of Zn status from an acute inflammatory event. Additionally, ear-tag–based accelerometers used in this study were effective at detecting sickness behavior in feedlot steers, and rumination may be more sensitive than other variables.

Cabergoline versus calcium infusion in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a randomised controlled study

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of calcium infusion versus cabergoline in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in IVF patients at high risk for OHSS. One hundred and seventy patients who were stimulated using the long luteal GnRH agonist protocol and at high risk for developing OHSS were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to cabergoline group and calcium gluconate group. In cabergoline group, 0.5 mg of cabergoline was administered once daily p.o. for eight days starting on the day of HCG administration. In calcium gluconate group, intravenous calcium gluconate (10%, 10 ml in 200 ml of physiologic saline) was administered daily for four days starting on the day of ovum pickup. Six patients in cabergoline group and eight patients in calcium gluconate group developed moderate OHSS. One patient in each group developed severe OHSS. The incidence of moderate/severe OHSS was comparable between both groups (8.24% vs. 10.59%, p value = .599, OR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.269–2.138]). The implantation, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were similar in the two groups (16.91% vs. 15.84%, p = .771, 35.29% vs. 32.94%, p = .746, and 30.59% vs. 28.24%, p = .736, respectively). In conclusion, calcium infusion and cabergoline have comparable effectiveness in the prevention of OHSS. Both drugs are well tolerated, cheap and have no adverse effects on the reproductive outcomes of IVF cycle. Clinical trial registration: The trial was registered on clinical trials.gov database [NCT02875587]. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? The effectiveness of cabergoline in the prevention of OHSS in IVF patients at high risk for OHSS is confirmed by overwhelming scientific evidence. Calcium infusion is a novel strategy for prevention of OHSS. Few studies reported the use of calcium infusion in the prevention of OHSS. A retrospective study and a randomised controlled study revealed that calcium infusion reduces the incidence of OHSS. Moreover, a quasi-randomised study revealed that calcium infusion is as effective as cabergoline in the prevention of OHSS. What the results of this study add? Calcium infusion and cabergoline have comparable effectiveness in the prevention of OHSS. Both drugs are well tolerated, cheap and have no adverse effects on the reproductive outcomes of IVF cycle. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Calcium infusion should be used to minimise the incidence of OHSS in IVF patients at high risk for OHSS.

Analgesic use for carbon monoxide poisoning induced headache: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of three analgesics versus placebo in the relief of carbon monoxide (CO)-induced headache in patients with CO intoxication.&#x0D; Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Patients diagnosed with CO intoxication and who had headaches were included in the study. They were divided into four groups. Patients in group 1 received 50 mg dexketoprofen i.v. in 100 mL of saline, while those in group 2 received 800 mg ibuprofen i.v. Patients in group 3 were given I g paracetamol i.v. Group 4 patients received placebo (100 mL of physiological saline. Visual analogue scale (VAS) values were recorded at onset of treatment, and subsequently at 30th, 60th, 90th and 240th min. Patients who scored 3 and below in VAS 240 were considered to have responded to treatment.&#x0D; Results: A total of 168 patients completed the study. Two analgesics and placebo significantly reduced VAS 240 score (p &lt; 0.05). However, VAS 30, VAS 60 and VAS 240 values decreased significantly in the ibuprofen group, when compared to other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Evaluation of response to treatment revealed no significant differences amongst the groups (p = 0.313).&#x0D; Conclusion: These results suggest that analgesics are not superior to oxygen therapy in the treatment of headaches caused by CO poisoning. However, ibuprofen + oxygen treatment may be applied in people who cannot tolerate headaches for a long time.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS USE IN THE SCHEME FOR STIMULATING PMSG «FOLLIGON» SUPEROVULATION IN DONOR COWS

The purpose of scientific research was to study the effect of the developed biologically active drug «Stimulin» on the level of superovulatory treatment with PMSG «Folligon» and the quantitative yield of the number of transferable embryos. The experiments were conducted on donor cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White breed. Experimental donor cows were intramuscular administration injected for 8, 9, 10, 11 days of the oestrous cycle by drug «Stimulin» in a single dose 20 ml. Control animals in these days were similarly administered 20 ml of physiological saline solution. It was established that, when gonadotropin PMSG “Folligon” of a polyovulatory reaction in donor cows, receiving an intramuscular administration of the drug "Stimulin" dose of 20 ml from day 8 to 11 after estrus , promotes a positive trend until its level and the number of embryos suitable for transplantation increase (by 28,5 %), and also reduces neovulated follicles by 27,5%. With induction of gonadotrophin PMSG“Folligon” by superovulation in donor cows, receiving an intramuscular administration from day 8 to day 11 after estrus of the drug "Stimulin", contributes to the tendency to increase the level of superovulation and the number of transferable embryos and reduces the number of non-ovulated follicles.

Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats.

Simple SummarySupplementation of ovariectomized rats with Camelina sativa oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n-3 family fatty acids, can be an effective way to improve bone parameters. Administration of 5 g/kg body weight and 9 g/kg body weight of camelina oil to rats suppressed a decrease in densitometric, tomographic, and strength parameters of femurs and an increase in the serum level of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen caused by estrogen deficiency. Furthermore, ovariectomized rats receiving camelina oil were characterized by a high level of osteocalcin.The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.

Influence of immunosuppression on the progression of experimental periodontitis and on healthy periodontal tissue: A rat in vivo study

Background. The potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of glucocorticoids (GCs) might influence the progression of some disorders, such as periodontitis. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) on the alveolar bone loss (ABL) of healthy and periodontally compromised molars in rats. Methods. Thirty male rats were randomly assigned to two groups: physiological saline solution (PSS) and DEX. The animals received subcutaneous injections of either 0.5 mL of PSS) (group PSS) or 2 mg/kg of DEX (group DEX) from one day before experimental periodontitis (EP) induction until euthanasia. EP was induced through ligature placement around the mandibular lower first molars at day 0. Contralateral molars remained unligated. Ten animals per period were euthanized on days 3, 7, and 14. Morphometric analysis was performed to access the ABL. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results. Higher ABL was observed in both groups on days 7 and 14 than on day 3 (P ≤ 0.05). Concerning periodontitis, higher ABL was observed in group DEX on days 3, 7, and 14 days than group PSS at the same time intervals (P ≤ 0.05). Also, even in the contralateral unligated molars, group DEX exhibited higher ABL on days 3, 7, and 14 days than group PSS at the same time intervals (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. Collectively, it can be concluded that DEX aggravates EP and induces spontaneous ABL in the healthy periodontium.

Laser-Assisted Hyaluronic Acid Delivery by Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser in Facial Skin Remodeling: AProspective Randomized Split-Face Study in France.

Combining the efficacy of ablative fractional carbon dioxide lasers (AFXL) to laser-assisted hyaluronic acid delivery (LAHAD) has not yet beenstudied. The objective of our study was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of laser-assisted hyaluronic acid (HA) delivery with AFXL in facial skin remodeling. We conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomized split-face studyon 20 patients from 30 to 70 years old, with a skin phototype from I to IV. Each patient received full-face treatment with AFXL, immediately followed by the application in droplets into the fractional ablative tunnels of 1 mlof HA gel on one hemifaceand 1 mlof physiological saline on the other hemiface. To evaluate postlaser aftermath, the intensity of erythema, edema, and crusts was graded. To assess facial skin remodeling, we scored the improvement of skin texture, firmness, fine lines, and skin radiance from baseline. Patients were evaluated on the3rdand 7thday, 1stand 3rdmonth using clinical evaluations, photographs, and patient questionnaires. We showed equivalence in postlaser aftermath between HA-treated and nontreated hemiface. Trend data analyses at the 3rdmonth suggested that immediate application of HA after AFXL resulted in a greater improvement in facial skin remodeling, especially for skin texture (mean score of 2.60 vs. 2.45) and skin firmness (mean score of 2.55 vs. 2.40). Skin radiance showed the best improvement, reaching almost a score of 5/10. LAHAD with AFXL is a safe treatment showing promising results in facial skin remodeling. These findings need to be confirmed by a larger study to evaluate the value of LAHAD in daily clinical practice. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Antifertility effects of 60-day oral gavage of ethanol extract of Spondias mombin leaves in guinea pigs

Objective: To investigate the impact of ethanol extract of Spondias (S.) mombin leaves on the biochemical parameters of testicular function, hormonal profile, sperm profile and reproductive outcomes of guinea pigs. Methods: Sexually matured male [(1000.40±8.12) g] and female [(810.00±7.09) g] guinea pigs were used. In testicular function study, a total of 24 male guinea pigs were randomised into 4 groups of 6 guinea pigs each. Group A (control) were orally administered 1 mL of physiological saline, once daily for 60 days while groups B, C and D were treated like the control group except that they were orally administered 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves. For the fertility study, the same animal groupings and treatments in the testicular function study were adopted. The male guinea pigs were paired with the females (1:1) and afterwards examined for pregnancy outcomes. Results: The ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves contained saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolics, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, cardenolides and dienolides with saponins (4.80 mg/mL) occurring the most whilst cardenolides and dienolides (0.08 mg/mL) were the least. The ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves significantly and dose dependently reduced the activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, malic enzyme, 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as levels of testosterone, glycogen, total protein and ascorbic acid in the testes when compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05). All the doses of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves also reduced the levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase, 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sialic acid whereas the levels of testicular acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and cholesterol increased dose dependently (P&lt;0.05). The serum luteinising hormone, testosterone and estradiol were reduced after the administration of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves whereas levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone increased significantly. The 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves increased the testosterone/estradiol ratios whilst the 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves decreased it. The sperm motility, sperm count, normal sperm morphology, sperm density, sperm viability and semen viscosity were significantly reduced in the ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves-treated guinea pigs (P&lt;0.05) whereas the head-, tail- and neck-defects increased significantly when compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05). In contrast, the semen volume and pH were not significantly altered by the ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves (P&gt;0.05). The ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves at both 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the total number, circumference, weight and length of the pups whereas the 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves-treated rats did not produce any pup. The 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves induced degenerative and necrotic changes in the seminiferous tubules with vacuoles in the germinal epithelium and a few to complete absence of spermatozoa. In all of these, the 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of S. mombin leaves produced the most pronounced alteration on the parameters. Conclusions: S. mombin leaves have induced infertility in the male guinea pigs via endocrine dysregulation, anti-spermatogenic activity, testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress and made possible by the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolics, and cardiac glycosides.

Effects of Parenteral Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Hematological Parameters of Healthy Holstein Bulls.

Vitamin D has been shown to play physiological functions beyond calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and control bone metabolism in the body since its cellular receptors are present in numerous tissues. A total of 20 healthy bulls were divided into four groups to evaluate the effect of different doses of vitamin D3 on the number of bovine blood cells. Groups A, B, C, and D received 11,000, 22,000, 33,000, and 44,000 units/kg of vitamin D3, respectively. The control group was injected with 10 ml of physiological saline intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken before the injection, as well as 2, 4, and 6 days after the injection; furthermore, the white blood cell counts (including granulocytes and lymphocytes), hematocrit, haemoglobin, and platelets were examined by a cell counter. The results showed that vitamin D could cause leukopenia (e.g., neutropenia and lymphopenia), thrombocytopenia, as well as an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in the blood. Although the mentioned increase or decrease is largely dose- and time-dependent, the first and best group to indicate this is group B. To find the second group, the investigation of the long-term effects of injections, especially in high doses, and evaluation of different tests are required with larger groups over a longer period.

Effects of Bacillus Subtilis Supplementation in Ovo or Water on Hatchability and Growth Performances of Broilers

The aim of the present study was to determine the best method as well as appropriate concentration of Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis)that can be applied to maximize the hatching and growth performances of broiler chickens. A total of 480 Cobb500 broilers fertile hatching eggs were assigned to five experimental groups (T1, T2, T3, T4andT5) as follows: T1assigned to three subgroups; One: it Penetrated and sealed without injection (control negative); Two: Eggs injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline 0.9 NaCl (control positive) and the third: contains eggs that didn’t receive any pre-hatch treatment.T2 and T3 are the groups injected by B.subtilis while T4 and T5 are the eggs that didn’t receive any pre-hatch treatment. On the 18thday of incubation, 100 μL of 107 and 1010 CFU of B. subtilis/egg or saline was injected into the air cell of T2, T3 and the control positive eggs; respectively. Hatched chicks were re- assigned according to way and concentration of B. subtilis application toT1,T2,T3,T4 and T5groups; control group with no probiotic treatment ,inovo inoculated by 107 CFU/egg, 1010 CFU/egg, water supplementation by107 CFU/ml and 107 CFU/ml then managed for 35 days. Results revealed that, neither in ovo inoculation nor watery administration of B.subtilis of different concentrations had significant effect on hatchability parameters of incubated broiler eggs except increment of sticky embryo percentages in all treated groups. Broilers that supplemented in ovo via 107B.subtilis/egg had better weekly body weight, highest RGR% and the lowest FCR through the experimental period. Irrespective of the method of B. subtilis supplementation to broiler,107concentration of B.subtilis showed the highest significant marketing weight (p

Neuroprotective properties of n-phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester nasal gel in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis equivalent

The purpose of this research is to study the specific activity of our developed nasal dosage form with n-phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester. The experiments were performed on 260 white outbred rats weighing 190-220 g. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by a single subcutaneous inoculation of an encephalitogenic mixture (EHM) in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) based on 100 mg of homologous spinal cord homogenate; 0.2 ml of CFA (the content of killed mycobacteria 5 mg/ml) and 0.2 ml of physiological saline per animal. There were five groups of animals in the study: 1) intact; 2) control - untreated with EAE, received saline solution; 3) animals with EAE that received basic treatment - methylprednisolone (MP), 3.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally slowly in saline no more than 1/10 of the CBV rat; 4) animals with EAE treated with MP + Noopept, at a dose of 10 mg/kg; 5) animals with EAE treated with MP + Citicoline (Ceraxon, Ferrer Internacional S.A., Spain) D003U1 series, 500 mg/kg, intragastrically. The in­tegrative functions of rats’ brain with EAE were studied using the “Open Field” method with an arena of own production with dimensions 80x80x35 cm. The study of memory was carried out using the radial labyrinth LE760 (AgnTho's, Sweden). Capture and image recording was carried out using a color video camera SSC-DC378P (Sony, Japan). Video file analysis was performed using Smartv 3.0 software (Harvard Apparatus, USA). As a result of the stu­dies on experimental model of multiple sclerosis with a nasal gel containing ethyl ester of n-phenylacetyl-l-pro­lylglycine revealed the presence of normotimic activity, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, an increase in the total activity of the central nervous system. The results obtained indicate a high neuroprotective and nootropic activity of the Noopept intranasal gel. By the degree of influence on reducing the number of errors in working memory, the Noopept gel sig­nificantly exceeds monotherapy with methylprednisolone and combination therapy with methylprednisolone and citi­coline. A further study of the effect of the developed nasal gel on the morphofunctional indices of sensorimotor cortical neurons under experimental multiple sclerosis, as well as on the content of HSP70 in the animal brain, is promising.

Получение и эффективность биологически активных полипептидов из фетальной кости для стимуляции хондрогенеза

Из фетальной кости получен биологически активный комплекс полипептидов для стимуляции хондрогенеза и изучена его эффективность на модели заживления дефекта хряща у крыс. Биологически активный комплекс выделяли из межклеточного матрикса длинных трубчатых костей плодов собак (57 – 63 сут внутриутробного развития). Полученный комплекс вводили в дефект хряща 10 крысам в объеме 0,1 мл (опытная группа), 10 животным контрольной группы в дефект вводили 0,1 мл физиологического раствора. Обнаружено, что на 30 сут эксперимента у животных опытной группы размеры дефекта были статистически значимо ниже контроля. На 180 сут эксперимента область дефекта была полностью заполнена у животных обеих групп. Однако податливость хряща в контроле была статистически значимо ниже относительно опыта. Предполагается, что межклеточное вещество фетальной костной ткани может быть источником биологически активных компонентов, способных стимулировать репаративный хондрогенез (факторы роста, проколлаген и/или его дериваты).

Investigation of anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom in experimentally induced adjuvant arthritis.

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the joints. An effective treatment method of the disease has not been developed yet. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of bee (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) venom (BV) on serum inflammatory parameters, serum antioxidant load and clinical parameters of experimentally induced adjuvant arthritis in rats.Material and methodsA total of 35 Wistar albino male rats were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups. First group animals served as negative controls. The second, third, fourth and fifth groups were used for experimental arthritis induction. Following clinical development of arthritis, the first group was subcutaneously administered 0.2 ml of physiological saline, and the second, third and fourth groups were treated subcutaneously with 2 µg/kg, 4 µg/kg and 20 µg/kg once a week three times. Physiological saline injected fifth group animals were used as a sham-treatment group. Clinical observations and evaluation of arthritis were made at the 15th day, and at the end of the experiment. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, paraoxonase, serum aryl esterase, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined in cardiac blood samples taken at the end of the 29th day.ResultsFrom the data, total oxidant level (TOL) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated. Significant improvements were observed in the clinical signs of arthritis and inflammatory markers such as in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and TOL and OSI in the 20.0 µg/kg BV-administered group. Bee venom administration did not cause any significant increase in ALT and AST values or signs of liver toxicity.ConclusionsBee venom treatment was effective in alleviation of symptoms of the experimental rat adjuvant arthritis by means of clinical observation and serum inflammatory markers.

A study on the effective cleaning of healing abutment using healing abutment case

Background: As with natural teeth, plaque and calculus may be deposited around the implant's healing abutment. In most dental clinic, the surface of the healing abutment is cleaned with alcohol swab while loosened. Recently developed healing abutment case (OHAC®, Osstem implant co, Seoul, Korea) has made it possible to use ultrasonic cleaners without positional displacement when multiple healing abutments are removed. Aim/Hypothesis: Purpose of study is to investigate the effectiveness of cleaning of healing abutment using healing abutment case by observing oral microorganisms using phase contrast microscope. Materials and Methods: 32 patients with two or more implants placed in a same side of jaw were included in this study. Two healing abutments were selected per each patient, so total 64 healing abutments were used. In control group, healing abutments were cleaned with alcohol swab only. In experimental group, healing abutments were put in healing abutment case and cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaners filled with 0.05% chlorhexidine solution for 5 minutes after cleaned with alcohol swab. 0.5 ml of physiological saline was separated from the sterilized slide glass and then covered with a cover glass and the shape and amount of the microorganisms were observed with phase contrast microscope. The number of microorganism displayed on the screen was counted and classified into 0 to 3 degree according to the amount of each microorganism. Results: No significant difference in the amount of oral microorganism was found between experimental and control groups at first visit. There was no significant difference in the amount of oral microorganism according to gender, maxilla or mandible, buccal or lingual surface. In comparison between supra-gingival and sub-gingival area, supra-gingival area contains significantly higher amounts of oral microorganism than that of sub-gingival area (P < 0.05). In comparison between before and after cleaning of experiment at first visit, significantly less amount of microorganism was found after cleaning (P < 0.05). The most commonly observed oral microorganism was Cocci, with statistically significant differences when compared with other species (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between Bacilli, Filamentous, Comma/Spiral. In comparison between groups at second visit, it was found that experimental group had significantly less amount of oral microorganism than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Cleaning with healing abutment case in 0.05% chlorhexidine solution is more effective than alcohol swab. As more microorganisms were found in supra-gingival area than sub-gingival, exposed intra-oral site should be well cleaned. Method of experimental group was found to have surface polishing effect which may affect reduction of bacterial adhesion at second visit. Education will be needed to make patient recognize importance of cleaning around healing abutment and to manage by brushing teeth. Keywords: Healing Abutment, Healing Abutment Case, Cleaning Healing Abutment with Healing Abutment Case

Effect of Ifosfamide on corneal genetic material and the role of lecithin and quercetin

The present study aimed to investigate the possible roles of lecithin and quercetin either singly or combined against Ifosfamide-induced DNA damage in corneas. Healthy female Rattus norvegicus rats weighing 180 ±10 gwere divided into seven groups eachcomprised of ten rats. Group I served as control and intraperitoneally injected with 0.25 mlof physiological saline (0.9% NaCl)for 5 days. Groups II and III wereorally administered lecithin at a dose of100 mg/kg body weight or quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kgbody weight suspended indistilled water, respectively for six days; whereasgroup IV was used as positive control and intraperitoneally injected with Ifosfamide at a dose of 80mg/kg body weight for five days.Groups V and VI were injected with either quercetin orlecithin along with Ifosfamide by the same treatmentregimens, respectively. Group VII received a combination of both protective agents alongwith Ifosfamide and treated similarly. Corneas from all groups were used for comet assay. Results: The lecithin and quercetin treated groups were characterized by normal comet parameters compared to control. After Ifosfamide injection, all comet parameters were significantly increased (p˂0.05). No changes in comet parameters were observed for lecithin-Ifosfamide treated group as well as for quercetin-Ifosfamide one. Co-administration of lecithin and quercetin indicate significant increase (p˂0.05) in all comet parameters (group VII). All together led to conclude that Ifosfamide causes DNA damage of rat cornea due to its oxidative stress and, co-administration of lecithin and quercetin was contradicting each other while using these antioxidants separately has beneficial effects on corneal genetic material.

Effect of tranexamic acid on ischemia － reperfusion injury caused by application of tourniquet in the surgery of total knee arthroplasty

Introduction:Tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the amount of perioperative bleeding in artificial joint replacement surgery, but some reports showing that the application of tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery can reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Does tranexamic acid reduce the tourniquet Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the surgery of toutal knee arthroplasty is unclear.Hypotheses:To observe the effect of intravenous combined local tranexamic acid on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood and drainage fluid of patients with tourniquet in primary total knee arthroplastyMethods:Sixty patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected from 2017-07 to 2018-06 to proceed primary knee arthroplasty in our hospital. The random digital table was used to divide them into tranexamic acid group and normal saline group, with 30 cases in each group. In the tranexamic acid group, tranexamic acid 1g in 100ml normal saline was infused intraoperatively and at 3 h after operation. After incision, the infusion of tranexamic acid 1g in 100ml normal saline was performed. The saline group only 100 ml of physiological saline was infused during the same period of time, and 100 ml of physiological saline was locally perfused. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and drainage volume at 24 hours after operation were compared. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the drainage fluid before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results:The drainage volume of tranexamic acid group was lower than that of normal saline group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were lower than those in normal saline group at 24h and 72h after operation. The difference was statistically significant. (P < 0.05); the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the drainage fluid was significantly lower than that in the saline group at 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05)Conclusion:Combined use of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in local drainage fluid and peripheral serum after TKA in patients with TKA, thus reducing the local and systemic inflammatory response.