Mixture Of Soybean Oil Research Articles

Investigation of diesel engine operation on diesel fuel and soybean oil mixtures

Specific features of application of biofuels with soybean oil in diesel engines are considered. Results of experimental research of Д-245.12С vehicle diesel engine operating on diesel fuel and soybean oil mixtures are given. Dependence of fuel economy and exhaust gases toxicity characteristics on mixed biofuel composition is shown.

Identification of Adulteration of Olive Oil with Other Edible Oils by LED-induced Fluorescence and Multivariate Calibration

The most common adulterants found in extra-virgin olive oil are refined olive oil and other vegetable oils, such as sunflower, soybean, corn, and canola. In addition to constituting economic fraud, adulteration can cause serious damage to the health of the consumer. This study focuses on the detection and quantification of the adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil with edible oils, using spectrofluorimetry and chemometrics. The data were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Through PCA, it was possible to separate the samples into two distinct areas, olive oil and other edible oils, based on their chemical composition. The PLS model, built with the spectra of mixtures of soybean oil in extra-virgin olive oil, exhibited an R 2 of 0.99412 and low RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of Prediction) (3.59), RMSEC (Root Mean Square Error of Calibration) (2.32) and bias (4.77. 10 -7 ) values. Thus, the PLS model was considered exact for calibration and prediction.

Comparative permeability studies with radioactive and nonradioactive risedronate sodium from self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and solution

The purpose of this work is to prepare a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for risedronate sodium (RSD) and to compare the permeability with RSD solution. The solubility of RSD was determined in different vehicles. Phase diagrams were constructed to determine the optimum concentration of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. RSD SMEDDS was prepared by using a mixture of soybean oil, cremophor EL, span 80, and transcutol (2.02:7.72:23.27:61.74, w/w, respectively). The prepared RSD SMEDDS was characterized by droplet size value. In vitro Caco-2 cell permeability studies were performed for SMEDDS and solution of radioactive (99 mTc-labeled RSD) and nonradioactive RSD. The experimental results indicated that RSD SMEDDS has good stability and its droplet size is between 216.68 ± 3.79 and 225.26 ± 7.65 during stability time. In addition, RSD SMEDDS has higher permeability value than the RSD solution for both radioactive and nonradioactive experiments. The results illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for delivery of poorly absorbed RSD.

New generation lipid emulsions prevent PNALD in chronic parenterally fed preterm pigs

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with the development of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) in infants. Fish oil-based lipid emulsions can reverse PNALD, yet it is unknown if they can prevent PNALD. We studied preterm pigs administered TPN for 14 days with either 100% soybean oil (IL), 100% fish oil (OV), or a mixture of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), olive oil, and fish oil (SL); a group was fed formula enterally (ENT). In TPN-fed pigs, serum direct bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and plasma bile acids increased after the 14 day treatment but were highest in IL pigs. All TPN pigs had suppressed hepatic expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) concentrations, yet hepatic CYP7A1 protein abundance was increased only in the IL versus ENT group. Organic solute transporter alpha (OSTα) gene expression was the highest in the IL group and paralleled plasma bile acid levels. In cultured hepatocytes, bile acid-induced bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression was inhibited by phytosterol treatment. We show that TPN-fed pigs given soybean oil developed cholestasis and steatosis that was prevented with both OV and SL emulsions. Due to the presence of phytosterols in the SL emulsion, the differences in cholestasis and liver injury among lipid emulsion groups in vivo were weakly correlated with plasma and hepatic phytosterol content.

7.5 W CMP-PLA 방열판을 적용한 LED 등기구 특성

In this paper, the characteristics of a carbon nanotube composite heat sink proposed to replace the advanced Al heat sinks for LED lighting devices were studied. Proposed CMP-PLA heat sink was made by mixing 20~70 wt% carbon nanotube, 20~70 wt% bio-degradable polymer of melt-blended PLA (poly lactic acid) and PBS (poly butylene succinate) and PLA nucleating agents composed of the mixture of soybean oil and biotites, at <TEX>$150{\sim}220^{\circ}C$</TEX> with 1,000~1,500 rpm. Optical and electric characteristics of 7.5 W LED lighting devices using heat sinks with such prepared CMP-PLA were investigated. And, the properties of the heat, which was not released from the CMP-PLA type heat sinks, was also investigated. The color temperature of LED lighting devices using the CMP-PLA heat sinks was 5,956 K, which is x= 0.32 and y= 0.34 in the XY chromaticity, and the color rendering index was 75. The luminous flux and the luminous efficiency of LED lighting devices using the CMP-PLA heat sinks was 540.6 lm and 72.68 lm/W respectively. Measured initial temperature of the heat sinks was <TEX>$27^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and their temperature increased as time to be saturated at <TEX>$52^{\circ}C$</TEX> after an hour.

Effect of Bovine Serum Albumin on the Stability of Bicalutamide-Encapsulated Lipid Nano-Emulsion in Bovine Serum

Aiming at the development of a stable drug carrier for bicalutamide (BT), we prepared various lipid nano-emulsions (LNEs) from a lipid mixture of soybean oil, phosphatidylcholine, sodium palmitate and sucrose palmitate (SP). These LNEs had mean particle size of approximately 50 nm and zeta potential (ζ) of -40 to -30 mV and were investigated their stability in saline solution and in bovine serum by using the dynamic light scattering method. In saline solution, while the droplet size of LNEs without and with BT reached more than 150 nm, that of the BT-encapsulated LNEs with SP could be maintained within 100 nm even after 24 h. In contrast, the droplet size of LNEs hardly increased even over 72 h placed in bovine serum, suggesting that bovine serum albumin (BSA) suppressed their coalescence. The intrinsic fluorescence of BSA was quenched and blue-shifted in the presence of LNE. In addition, the ζ values of all LNEs increased to around -20 mV according to the increase of BSA concentration. These results demonstrated that BSA interacted with LNE particles. Furthermore, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer using a fluorescence probe revealed that not only BT encapsulated in LNE particles but also SP strongly interacted with BSA. Keywords: Lipid nano-emulsion, bicalutamide, bovine serum albumin, interaction, stability, sucrose palmitate

Short-term use of parenteral nutrition with a lipid emulsion containing a mixture of soybean oil, olive oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and fish oil: a randomized double-blind study in preterm infants.

Background: For premature neonates needing parenteral nutrition (PN), a balanced lipid supply is crucial. The authors hypothesized that a lipid emulsion containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and soybean, olive, and fish oils would be as safe and well tolerated as a soybean emulsion while beneficially influencing the fatty acid profile. Methods: Double-blind, controlled study in 53 neonates (<34 weeks’ gestation) randomized to receive at least 7 days of PN containing either an emulsion of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils or a soybean oil emulsion. Target lipid dosage was 1.0 g fat/kg body weight [BW]/d on days 1–3, 2 g/kg BW/d on day 4, 3 g/kg BW/d on day 5, and 3.5 g/kg BW/d on days 6–14. Results: Test emulsion vs control, mean ± SD: baseline triglyceride concentrations were 0.52 ± 0.16 vs 0.54 ± 0.19 mmol/L and increased similarly in both groups to 0.69 ± 0.38 vs 0.67 ± 0.36 on day 8 of treatment (P = .781 for change). A significantly higher decrease in total and direct bilirubin vs baseline was seen in the test group compared with the control group P < .05 between groups). In plasma and red blood cell phospholipids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher, and the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio was lower in the test group (P < .05 vs control). Conclusions: The lipid emulsion, based on a mixture of MCTs and soybean, olive, and fish oils, was safe and well tolerated by preterm infants while beneficially modulating the fatty acid profile.

Cholesterol esterification by ACAT2 is essential for efficient intestinal cholesterol absorption: evidence from thoracic lymph duct cannulation

The hypothesis tested in this study was that cholesterol esterification by ACAT2 would increase cholesterol absorption efficiency by providing cholesteryl ester (CE) for incorporation into chylomicrons. The assumption was that absorption would be proportional to Acat2 gene dosage. Male ACAT2⁺/⁺, ACAT2⁺/⁻, and ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice were fed a diet containing 20% of energy as palm oil with 0.2% (w/w) cholesterol. Cholesterol absorption efficiency was measured by fecal dual-isotope and thoracic lymph duct cannulation (TLDC) methods using [³H]sitosterol and [¹⁴C]cholesterol tracers. Excellent agreement among individual mice was found for cholesterol absorption measured by both techniques. Cholesterol absorption efficiency in ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice was 16% compared with 46-47% in ACAT2⁺/⁺ and ACAT2⁺/⁻ mice. Chylomicrons from ACAT2⁺/⁺ and ACAT2⁺/⁻ mice carried ∼80% of total sterol mass as CE, whereas ACAT2⁻/⁻ chylomicrons carried >90% of sterol mass in the unesterified form. The total percentage of chylomicron mass as CE was reduced from 12% in the presence of ACAT2 to ∼1% in ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice. Altogether, the data demonstrate that ACAT2 increases cholesterol absorption efficiency by providing CE for chylomicron transport, but one copy of the Acat2 gene, providing ∼50% of ACAT2 mRNA and enzyme activity, was as effective as two copies in promoting cholesterol absorption.

Comparison of methods for preventing methanol inhibition in enzymatic production of biodiesel

During the enzymatic production of biodiesel, methanol has a major inhibitory effect on enzyme activity whereas glycerol has a minor effect. Revitalization of the methanol-deactivated enzyme or pre-incubation of enzyme with various chemicals turned out to be unsuccessful. The stepwise feeding of methanol, a widely used conventional method for preventing methanol inhibition, was optimized in terms of the aliquot number and feeding interval to obtain a high conversion rate as well as a high degree of final biodiesel conversion. The use of six feedings of methanol with an equivalent molar ratio of 0.75 at 3-h intervals was found to be the optimal mode for preventing methanol inhibition; a biodiesel conversion rate of approximately 95% could be achieved within 20 h by using this method. Finally, to prevent contact between the undissolved methanol and the enzyme, methanol was pre-dissolved in water or biodiesel and fed to the mixture of soybean oil and the enzyme. This pre-dissolution method completely prevented enzyme inhibition, and a final biodiesel conversion rate of 82.3% was obtained.

Safety and Efficacy of a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Medium-chain Triglycerides, Olive Oil, and Fish Oil: A Randomised, Double-blind Clinical Trial in Premature Infants Requiring Parenteral Nutrition

Safety and Efficacy of a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Medium-chain Triglycerides, Olive Oil, and Fish Oil: A Randomised, Double-blind Clinical Trial in Premature Infants Requiring Parenteral Nutrition

Distribution of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine in a Lipid Nano-Emulsion as Studied by Second-Derivative Spectrophotometry

Focusing on the development of a nanometer scale carrier in the drug-delivery-system for cancer therapy, we prepared a lipid nano-emulsion (LNE) from a lipid mixture of soybean oil (SO), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sodium palmitate as a vehicle for chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPC), a photosensitizer used for the photodynamic treatment of cancer. To elucidate its distribution in our LNE formulation, we proposed a modified three-phase (SO core, PC monolayer and water phase) model using the molar partition coefficients (Kps) of ClAlPC in LNE/water and PC small unilamellar vesicle (PC SUV)/water systems. In the presence of LNE or PC SUV, a spectrophotometric absorption maximum due to monomeric ClAlPC was observed, but was absent in buffered solution because of its property of selfaggregation in aqueous media, showing that the partitioned ClAlPC exists as a monomer. The Kp values of ClAlPC were calculated using the intensity of the absorption maximum in the second derivative spectra. Although the Kp values showed ClAlPC concentration dependence due to the association of ClAlPC in the water phase, they were on the order of 104 for the concentrations of 1 – 5 μM ClAlPC, indicating that our LNE having a lipid concentration of 72 mM can encapsulate 95 – 99% of the spiked ClAlPC. Furthermore, most of ClAlPC was found to be located in the PC monolayer surrounding the SO droplets in the LNE. These results indicate that the PC monolayer not only acts as a water-oil interface, but also stores monomeric ClAlPC in our LNE effectively. Keywords: Lipid nano-emulsion, Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, Second-derivative spectrophotometry, Liposome, Threephase model, Distribution, EPR, lipid emulsion, LE, phosphatidylcholine, LNE, ClAlPC, photodynamic therapy, high-density lipoprotein, DMSO, dynamic light scattering, DLS, submicron particle analyzer, phosphovanadomolybdate method, spectrophotometer, Hitachi U-3310, Savitzky-Golay method, photosensitizer

Safety and Efficacy of a Lipid Emulsion Containing a Mixture of Soybean Oil, Medium‐chain Triglycerides, Olive Oil, and Fish Oil: A Randomised, Double‐blind Clinical Trial in Premature Infants Requiring Parenteral Nutrition

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel lipid emulsion containing a mixture of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOFlipid 20%) with reduced n-6 fatty acids (FA), increased monounsaturated and n-3 FA, and enriched in vitamin E were evaluated in premature infants compared with a soybean oil-based emulsion. Sixty (30/30) premature neonates (age 3-7 days, gestational age ≤ 34 weeks, birth weights 1000-2500 g) received parenteral nutrition (PN) with either SMOFlipid 20% (study group) or a conventional lipid emulsion (Intralipid 20%, control group) for a minimum of 7 up to 14 days. Lipid supply started at 0.5 g · kg body weight(-1) · day(-1) on day 1 and increased stepwise (by 0.5 g) up to 2 g · kg body weight(-1) · day(-1) on days 4 to 14. Safety and efficacy parameters were assessed on days 0, 8, and 15 if PN was continued. Adverse events, serum triglycerides, vital signs, local tolerance, and clinical laboratory did not show noticeable group differences, confirming the safety of study treatment. At study end, γ-glutamyl transferase was lower in the study versus the control group (107.8 ± 81.7 vs 188.8 ± 176.7 IU/L, P < 0.05). The relative increase in body weight (day 8 vs baseline) was 5.0% ± 6.5% versus 5.1% ± 6.6% (study vs control, not significant). In the study group, an increase in n-3 FA in red blood cell phospholipids and n-3:n-6 FA ratio was observed. Plasma α-tocopherol (study vs control) was increased versus baseline on day 8 (26.35 ± 10.03 vs 3.67 ± 8.06 μmol/L, P < 0.05) and at study termination (26.97 ± 18.32 vs 8.73 ± 11.41 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Parenteral infusion of SMOFlipid was safe and well tolerated and showed a potential beneficial influence on cholestasis, n-3 FA, and vitamin E status in premature infants requiring PN.

Magnetic and Acoustically Active Lipospheres for Magnetically Targeted Nucleic Acid Delivery

AbstractWith the aim of obtaining a carrier for combined magnetic‐field‐ and ultrasound‐targeted nucleic acid delivery, acoustically active lipospheres are prepared that comprise magnetic nanoparticles and plasmid DNA or synthetic siRNA. The lipospheres, with average diameters of 5 μm and smaller, are obtained upon shaking a mixture of soybean oil, a cationic lipid, magnetic nanoparticles, a nucleic acid, and aqueous buffer in a perfluoropropane atmosphere in a sealed vial. These lipospheres create contrast in ultrasound imaging and display greatly increased magnetophoretic mobility and in consequence greatly improved magnetic retention in a flow model when compared with free magnetic nanoparticles. In cell culture, the lipospheres are sedimented within minutes to the surface of cells using a gradient magnetic field. This sedimentation results in the association of about 50% of the applied plasmid DNA with the cells and in functional DNA and siRNA delivery in vitro. Under these conditions, ultrasound does not have an enhancing effect on nucleic acid delivery. When magnetic, acoustically active lipospheres carrying 125iodine‐labeled plasmid DNA are injected into the tail veins of mice, the application of a gradient magnetic field to the chests of the mice results in a two‐ to threefold enrichment of both lung lobes with the plasmid. A similar enrichment is obtained when ultrasound alone (1 MHz, 10 min) is applied. The combined application of magnetic field and ultrasound has no synergistic effect in terms of liposphere capture in the lungs. Histological analysis reveals intact lipospheres in lung capillaries. A synergistic effect of magnetic field and ultrasound is observed in site‐specific plasmid deposition in a dorsal skinfold chamber model in mice after injection into the carotis. These conditions also result in functional plasmid delivery to the vasculature after intrajugular injection.

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Calibration Analysis: A Combined Protocol To Quantify Biodiesel in Blends with Petrodiesel

Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI−MS) and multivariate calibration were jointly used to quantify the content of biodiesel (a sample derived from a mixture of soybean oil and tallow was used as a prototype) in blends with petrodiesel. ESI mass spectra in the positive- and negative-ion modes of the aqueous/methanolic extracts of the blends in a concentration range from 0 (B0) to 20% (B20) (v/v) were acquired. The MS data were first handled with assorted pre-processing methodologies to generate the related partial least-squares (PLS) regression models. A comparative study on the performance of these models was conducted, and the very promising results obtained indicated that this methodology can be suitably applied in the determination of the content of biodiesel in blends with petrodiesel.

Biodiesel Synthesis by Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification Using Oleophilic Acid Catalyst

Solid-acid catalysts can perform transesterification and esterification simultaneously so that free fatty acids (FFAs) in oil can be converted into biodiesel to avoid the disposal of biomaterial. A carbon catalyst was prepared by pyrolyzing glucose at 400 °C under a N2 stream. The catalyst was further sulfated using concentrated sulfuric acid. Transesterification of soybean oil and methanol was carried out at 150 °C and 1.7 MPa in a pressurized autoclave. More than 90% biodiesel yield was achieved within 2 h with a molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil of 30:1. The total biodiesel yield for the mixture of soybean oil and palmitic acid decreased to 85% when 20 wt % palmitic acid was used. A rate equation based on the Langmuir−Hishelwood mechanism was established to describe the kinetic behavior of transesterification. The adsorption equilibrium constant of soybean oil was higher than those of the other species, implying an oleophilic surface of the sulfated carbon catalyst.

Kinetics and modeling of fatty acids esterification on acid exchange resins

Biodiesel, a renewable fuel of vegetal origin, has been an object of a rapidly growing interest, in the latest years, both as a pure fuel and as blending component to reduce exhaust pollutants of traditional diesel fuel. Biodiesel is conventionally produced through a well-established technology that involves the use of alkaline catalysts and is, therefore, not compatible with the presence of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the feedstock due to the formation of soaps. Also the presence of FFA in small amounts is detrimental, because, formed soaps strongly affect the successive glycerol separation giving place to a long settling time. Normally, highly refined vegetable oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel production. A preliminary stage of acidity reduction is necessary, when the starting material is characterized by a high free acidity (higher than 0.5% by weight). This pre-treatment can be pursued, as example, by means of an esterification reaction of the FFAs with methanol, catalyzed by sulphonic ionic exchange resins. In the present work, a batch reactor has been used for the study of the above-mentioned reaction and different acid ionic exchange resins have been tested as heterogeneous catalysts. Two kinds of substrates have been submitted for esterification with methanol: a model mixture of soybean oil artificially acidified with oleic acid and a commercial high-acidity mixture of waste fatty acids (oleins). A detailed kinetic model has been developed and tested in which the following key phenomena, characterizing the system, have been introduced: (i) the physical phase equilibrium (partitioning equilibrium) of the components between the resin-absorbed phase and the external liquid phase; (ii) the ionic exchange equilibria; (iii) an Eley–Rideal surface reaction mechanism. The developed kinetic model was able to correctly interpret all the experimental data collected, both as a function of the temperature and of the catalyst concentration.

대두유와 Glyceryl Monooleate의 효소적 반응을 이용한 Diacylglycerol 함유 유지의 생산

Scaled-up production of oil containing diacylglycerol (DAG), so called diacylglycerol-oil, was produced by lipase-catalyzed reaction. Mixture of soybean oil and glyceryl monooleate with 1:2 molar ratio was esterified with Lipozyme RMIM in a batch-type reactor at 55 o C and 300 rpm during 6 hr. After short-path distillation for removal of monoacylglycerol and free fatty acid as reaction by-products, diacylglycerol-oil mainly consisted of DAG (29 area%) and TAG (71 area%). The major compositional fatty acids in diacylglycerol-oil were oleic (44.36 wt%), and linoleic acids (37.36 wt%). Acid value and iodine value of diacylglycerol-oil were 0.13 and 112.6, respectively. Solid fat content (SFC) of diacylglycerol-oil was observed after differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis in which three melting peaks at -25.0, 0.1, and 11.2 o C were shown.

Starch‐Soybean Oil Composites With High Oil: Starch Ratios Prepared By Steam Jet Cooking

AbstractAqueous mixtures of soybean oil and starch were jet cooked at oil: starch ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 4:1 to yield dispersions of micron‐sized oil droplets that were coated with a thin layer of starch at the oil‐water interface. The jet cooked dispersions were then centrifuged at 2060 and 10,800×g, the buoyant, high‐oil fractions that rose to the surface were isolated, and the size distributions of the oil droplets were determined. Experiments were conducted with normal dent, waxy, and high‐amylose corn starches; and oleic acid was added during jet cooking to form helical inclusion complexes with amylose. With normal dent and waxy corn starches, nearly all of the oil was recovered in the buoyant layers, and only small amounts of oil were found in the aqueous mid layers and settled solids. Oil droplet diameters in the buoyant layers obtained with normal dent and waxy corn starch ranged from under 5 µm to over 50 µm. Centrifugation at high versus low relative centrifugal force produced only minor differences in the droplet size distributions. With high‐amylose starch, microscopy showed that most of the oil droplets were entrapped within aggregates of sub‐micron particles that were apparently formed from amylose‐oleic acid inclusion complexes when the dispersions were cooled. Droplet sizes increased with an increase in the oil: starch ratio, and decreased when oleic acid was added during jet cooking.

Lipid globule size in total nutrient admixtures prepared in three-chamber plastic bags

The stability of injectable lipid emulsions in three-chamber plastic (3CP) bags, applying the globule-size limits established by United States Pharmacopeia ( USP ) chapter 729, was studied. A total of five premixed total nutrient admixture (TNA) products packaged in 3CP bags from two different lipid manufacturers containing either 20% soybean oil or a mixture of soybean oil and medium-chain-triglyceride oil as injectable lipid emulsions were tested. Two low-osmolarity 3CP bags and three high-osmolarity 3CP bags were studied. All products were tested with the addition of trace elements and multivitamins. All additive conditions (with and without electrolytes) were tested in triplicate at time 0 (immediately after mixing) and at 6, 24, 30, and 48 hours after mixing; the bags were stored at 24-26 degrees C. All additives were equally distributed in each bag for comparative testing, applying both globule sizing methods outlined in USP chapter 729. Of the bags tested, all bags from one manufacturer were coarse emulsions, showing signs of significant growth in the large-diameter tail when mixed as a TNA formulation and failing the limits set by method II of USP chapter 729 from the outset and throughout the study, while the bags from the other manufacturer were fine emulsions and met these limits. Of the bags that failed, significant instability was noted in one series containing additional electrolytes. Injectable lipid emulsions provided in 3CP bags that did not meet the globule-size limits of USP chapter 729 produced coarser TNA formulations than emulsions that met the USP limits.

산촉매에 의한 대두유의 전이에스테르화 반응 특성

Characteristics of the transesterification reaction between triglycerides in soy bean oil and methanol were investigated in the presence of acid catalysts. such as sulfuric acid and PTS (p-toluene sulfonic acid). Concentrations of diglyceride and monoglyceride which were intermediates in the reaction mixtures, were far below 10% of triglyceride under any reaction conditions. Thus, conversion of the reaction could be determined from the concentration of triglyceride. Dried PTS had more superior catalytic power than sulfuric acid for transesterification reaction between soy bean oil and methanol. When transesterification reaction of soy bean oil was catalyzed by 1 wt% of PTS at methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and <TEX>$65^{\circ}C$</TEX>, final conversion reached 95% within 48 hours. If FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) was added into reaction mixture of soy bean oil, methanol and PTS catalyst, it converted reaction mixture into homogeneous phase, and substantially increased reaction rate. When reaction mixture was freely boiling which had equal volumetric amount of FAME to soy bean oil, methanol stoichiometric mole ratio of 2 and 1 wt% of PTS, final conversion achieved value of 94% and temperature approached to <TEX>$110^{\circ}C$</TEX> within 2 hours.