Mixture Of Oxytetracycline Research Articles

Mixture of oxytetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics enhances nutritional quality of a commercial feed, effluent quality, and but not water quality in catfish culture, Clarias gariepinus

Mixture of oxytetracycline and erythromycin antibiotics enhances nutritional quality of a commercial feed, effluent quality, and but not water quality in catfish culture, Clarias gariepinus

Environmental consequences of transformation products from an antibiotic mixture and their mitigation in a wastewater microbiome using an HCl-modified adsorbent

This study enhanced our understanding of antibiotic mixtures' occurrence, transformation, toxicity, and ecological risks. The role of acid-modified biochar (BC) in treating antibiotic residues was explored, shedding light on how BC influences the fate, mobility, and environmental impact of antibiotics and transformation products (TPs) in an activated sludge (AS) microbiome. A mixture of oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole was found to synergistically (or additively) inhibit cell growth of AS and disrupt the microbiome structure, species richness/diversity, and function. The formation of TPs with potentially higher toxicity and persistence than the original compounds was identified, explaining the microbiome disruption. Agricultural waste-derived BC was optimized for contaminant adsorption, leading to a reduction in toxicity when added to AS by sequestering TPs on its surface. This work highlighted adsorbents as a practical engineering strategy for mitigating liquid-phase contaminants' toxicological consequences, proactively controlling the fate and effects of antibiotics and TPs.

Size-based selectivity of magnetic-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) for efficient removal of oxytetracycline in the presence of natural organic matter

While the adsorption process plays an essential role in antibiotics removal from water, one major problem for applying absorbents in actual wastewater is competitive adsorption that is commonly caused by natural organic matter (NOM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate size-based selectivity of magnetic layered double hydroxides (MLDH) as the absorbent in the mixture of oxytetracycline (OTC) and NOM, as MLDH are generally characterized by high specific surface area, limited intercalation, and ion-exchange properties. MLDH were synthesized by the one-step solvothermal method with four different Fe:Mg ratios and then applied in a series of adsorption experiments. In addition, the role of limited interlayer space of MLDH in the adsorption of OTC and NOM was investigated based on molar mass distribution of those organic components. As results, the adsorption behavior of OTC/NOM on MLDH in the binary systems was found to involve chemisorption and multi-layer coverage. Although the competitive adsorption reduced OTC adsorption, Freundlich coefficient of MLDH (KF) for OTC was higher than KF for NOM, indicating that MLDH selectively adsorbed OTC molecules in the presence of NOM. Moreover, the selectivity (α) value of all MLDH, except MLDH with a Fe:Mg ratio of 1:4, indicating substantial selective adsorption. Among the four MLDH, MLDH11 exhibited the highest α, because its smallest interlayer space offers size-based selectivity, which was also supported by the molar mass distribution. The type of NOM did not significantly affect the OTC adsorption efficiency on MLDH. The results confirmed the benefits of limited interlayer space of MLDH, which offers selectivity for adsorption of OMP in water and shows potential applicability for removing other organic micropollutants.

An innovative photoreactor, FluHelik, to promote UVC/H2O2 photochemical reactions: Tertiary treatment of an urban wastewater

An innovative photoreactor, FluHelik, was used to promote the degradation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) by a photochemical UVC/H2O2 process. First, the system was optimized for the oxidation of a model antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), using both ultrapure water (UPW) and a real urban wastewater (UWW) (collected after secondary treatment) as solution matrices. Following, the process was evaluated for the treatment of a UWW spiked with a mixture of OTC and 10 different pharmaceuticals established by the Swiss legislation at residual concentrations (∑CECs <660 μg L−1). The performance of the FluHelik reactor was analyzed both at lab and pre-pilot scale in multiple and single pass flow modes.The efficiency of the FluHelik photoreactor, at lab-scale, was evaluated at different operational conditions (H2O2 concentration, UVC lamp power (4, 6 and 11 W) and flow rate) and further compared with a conventional Jets photoreactor. Both photoreactors exhibited similar OTC removal efficiencies at the best conditions; however, the FluHelik reactor showed to be more efficient (1.3 times) in terms of mineralization when compared with the Jets reactor. Additionally, the efficiency of the UVC/H2O2 photochemical system using the FluHelik photoreactor in reducing the toxicity of the real effluent containing 11 pharmaceuticals was evaluated through zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity bioassays. FluHelik scale-up from laboratory to pre-pilot to promote UVC/H2O2 photochemical process proved to be feasible.

Removals of non-analogous OTC and BaP in AMCBR with and without primary substrate

ABSTRACTAnaerobic biodegradation of mixed non-analogous two substrates was studied in a binary system with and without the primary substrate using an anaerobic multichamber bed (AMCBR). In the binary mixture, the biodegradation of less-degradable oxytetracycline (OTC) was restarted in the presence of more degradable benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the initial runs of the AMCBR, but enhanced biodegradation of the more recalcitrant OTC occurs in the later runs of the AMCBR due to enhanced biomass growth on dual substrates without the primary carbon source. The biodegradation yields of the OTC, BaP were discussed with sole-substrate systems and with the dual substrate system in the presence of the primary substrate. The maximum OTC and BaP yields were 93% in Run 3 with the primary substrate, while the maximum BaP and OTC yields were 95%, 98% in Run 3 without the primary substrate. A dual form of the Monod was found to adequately predict the substrate interactions in the binary mixture of OTC and BaP using only the parameters derived from batch experiments. At low BaP (4 mg L−1) and OTC (40 mg L−1) concentrations, a non-competitive inhibition does not affect the binding of the substrate and so the Ks were was not affected while the µmax was lowered. At high BaP (10 mg L−1) and OTC (100 mg L−1) concentrations, the BaP and OTC were biodegraded according to competitive inhibition with increased Ks while µmax was not affected. BaP and OTC were biodegraded according to Haldane at high concentrations (>10 mg L−1 for BaP, 100 mg L−1 OTC) where they were used as the sole substrate.

薬剤と乾熱処理の組み合わせによるウリ科野菜の果実汚斑細菌病菌汚染種子の消毒

A mixture of CuSO4 and acetic acid disinfested wax gourd seeds that had been infested with Acidovorax citrulli more effectively than did ascorbic acid, peroxyacetic acid or a mixture of oxytetracycline, streptomycin and CuSO4. Seeds of melon, cucumber and wax gourd were completely disinfested after a 60-min soak in the mixture followed by dry-heat at 75°C for 4 days without affecting germination. Seeds of brown seed squash, large seed squash and bottle gourd were disinfested by a 60-min soak in the mixture followed by dry-heat at 80°C for 4 days, which caused a small delay in germination. Any treatments of small or white seeds of squash that combined a soak in the chemical mixture with dry heat and effectively disinfested the seeds also inhibited germination.

The packing characteristics of physical and formulated mixtures of oxytetracycline and lactose powders.

Measurements have been made of the tap densities and angles of internal flow of physically mixed and formulated mixtures of oxytetracycline and lactose powders. The differences between the two types of mixtures are ascribed to differences in the packing and surface morphologies of the particles.

Thin-layer chromatography–matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry using particle suspension matrices

Particle suspension matrices have been successfully utilized for the analysis of tetracycline antibiotics by thin-layer chromatography–matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TLC–MALDI–TOF–MS). Particles of different materials and sizes have been investigated (Co-UFP, TiN, TiO 2, Graphite and Silicon) by applying particle suspensions to eluted TLC plates. Mass spectra and mass chromatograms have been recorded directly from the TLC plates. Strong cationization by sodium and potassium was obtained in the positive ion mode, with [M+Na–NH 3] + ions being the predominant signals. The TLC–MALDI mass spectra recorded from graphite suspensions showed the lowest background noise and the highest peak intensities from the range of suspension matrices studied. The mass accuracy from graphite films was improved by adding the peptide Phe–Phe to the graphite suspensions. This allowed internal recalibration of the TLC–MALDI mass spectra acquired during a run. One major potential advantage of TLC–MALDI–TOF–MS has been demonstrated in the analysis of chlortetracycline and tetracycline in a mixture of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline and minocycline. Examination of the TLC plate prior to MALDI analysis showed only an unresolved spot for chlortetracycline and tetracycline. However by investigation of the MALDI mass spectra and plotting of single ion chromatograms separate peaks for chlortetracycline and tetracycline could be obtained.

Long acting injectable oxytetracycline-liposphere formulations

Oxytetracycline (OTC) was encapsulated in a liposphere delivery system composed of OTC, solid triglyceride, phospholipid, buffer solution and preservatives. The formulation is an injectable microdispersion containing 8–20 wt% OTC with an average particle of size of 30 μ. The in vitro t 1 2 release of OTC was in the range of 28 h. Serum OTC concentration after a single intramuscular injection of OTC-liposphere formulation in turkeys showed an effective extended release for 3–5 days as compared to about 1 day for the commercial OTC solution (Dabicycline, 10 wt% in acidic solution). A mixture of OTC in lipospheres and OTC solution in a 4:3 volume ratio resulted in initial high OTC serum levels that lasted for 5 days. The biodegradability of the formulation was demonstrated by observing the injection site for up to 28 days after injection. The blank formulation was readily eliminated from the site and no signs of residuals were observed 28 days after injection. OTC loaded formulations based on trilaurin were also degraded but at slower rate than the blank formulation that might be a result of the hydrophobicity of OTC which retards hydrolysis and biological elimination.

Analysis of mixtures of oxytetracycline and riboflavine by first-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry

The simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline and riboflavine in mixtures by first-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry is described. The proposed method is based on the formation of a fluorescent complex between aluminium and oxytetracycline, and on the native fluorescence of riboflavine. The constant wavelength difference between the excitation and emission wavelengths in a synchronous scan has been optimized by analysing the multi-dimensional information obtained on the excitation–emission matrices. The combination of synchronous scanning spectrofluorimetry and differentiation of the spectra allows for the complete resolution of the mixture. The method has been applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.