Mixture Of Carbon Nanotubes Research Articles

Belgium & US: Bolder Industries – carbon black from scrap tyres

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have shown promising properties, as a filler, for increasing the electrical conductivity of composites entering in the fabrication of high-frequency shielding materials. However, up to now, their features at low-frequency range have received little attention. In this study, composite layers based on pristine CNT and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been synthesized. Both multi-wall and single-wall CNTs were investigated to determine the specific electrical properties of the composite for eliminating the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic interferences in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanners. The CNT dispersibility was studied in various solvents. To fabricate a homogeneous composite, a hybrid method based on ultra-sonication and shear mixing of CNT mixtures was developed. The impedance measurements on thin layers confirmed that a well-processed composite provides the required conductivity (>103 S/cm) for electromagnetic interference shielding in the desired frequency range. Such composite layers achieved a shielding effectiveness of >68 dB in the MRI gradient range (10–100 kHz), and exceeded 80 dB in the MRI RF range (50–500 MHz). The results demonstrated that using these CNT-composite shielding layers, the artifacts due to the electromagnetic interferences of gradient and RF coils in the MRI environment can be avoided for PET imaging.

Conductive, Strong and Tough Reduced Graphene Oxide-based composite film for infrared camouflage application

For graphene-based film, versatility is essential for its potential multi-functional applications. In order to obtain graphene-based films with superior mechanical and electrical properties, a “brick and mortar” structure has been proposed by previous researchers. In this structure, the graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers are the “bricks”, while the “mortar” is various, which is critical to the performance of the films. In this work, the mixture of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyurethane (PU) was introduced as the mortar to bind rGO layers, forming a dense layered film. The PU builds strong interactions between rGO layers through covalent bonds, while the CNTs help to highly reduce the inter-layer electrical resistance. Hence, the CNT/PU/rGO film shows an optimized tensile strength of 1193 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 687 S cm−1. More remarkably, the PU has good compatibility with ionic liquid (IL), and can build internal transport tunnels for IL in the films. IL was further introduced into the composite film. By applying voltage upon the two sides of the film, ion transport across the two sides of the film can be fast and precisely guided. The interaction between IL and the nano-carbon assemblies can tune the infrared emissivity of the composite film, which “function” proposes the film for potential application as a flexible infrared camouflage device. The performance of the infrared camouflage film is investigated in this work.

Novel carbon nanotube-composite for electromagnetic shielding of radiation detectors: A step toward fully integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging systems

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have shown promising properties, as a filler, for increasing the electrical conductivity of composites entering in the fabrication of high-frequency shielding materials. However, up to now, their features at low-frequency range have received little attention. In this study, composite layers based on pristine CNT and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been synthesized. Both multi-wall and single-wall CNTs were investigated to determine the specific electrical properties of the composite for eliminating the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic interferences in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanners. The CNT dispersibility was studied in various solvents. To fabricate a homogeneous composite, a hybrid method based on ultra-sonication and shear mixing of CNT mixtures was developed. The impedance measurements on thin layers confirmed that a well-processed composite provides the required conductivity (>103 S/cm) for electromagnetic interference shielding in the desired frequency range. Such composite layers achieved a shielding effectiveness of >68 dB in the MRI gradient range (10–100 kHz), and exceeded 80 dB in the MRI RF range (50–500 MHz). The results demonstrated that using these CNT-composite shielding layers, the artifacts due to the electromagnetic interferences of gradient and RF coils in the MRI environment can be avoided for PET imaging.

Ultraflexible PEDOT:PSS/Helical Carbon Nanotubes Film for All-in-One Photothermoelectric Conversion.

Photothermoelectric (PTE) conversion can achieve the recovery of low-quality light or heat efficiently. Much effort has been devoted to the exploitation of the inorganic heterogeneous asynchronous (separate) PTE conversion system. Here, a full organic PTE film with a pseudobilayer architecture (PBA) according to the homogeneous synchronous (all-in-one) PTE conversion hypothesis was prepared via successive drop-casting a PEDOT:PSS/helical carbon nanotube (HCNT) mixture and PEDOT:PSS onto a vacuum ultraviolet treated substrate. Our results prove that the heptagon-pentagon pairs embedded in HCNTs promote a denser arrangement of the molecular chains of PEDOT, which enhances the crystallinity and affects the thermoelectric properties. The weak connection and hollow structure of HCNTs inhibit the dissipation of heat, and the zT value of the film reaches over 0.01. The PBA film shows better photothermal conversion performance than a neat PEDOT:PSS film and stably generates a temperature difference of over 25.68 °C without external cooling. A flexible PTE chip demo was manufactured, and the ideal open-circuit voltage (simulated via COMSOL) of that reaches over 1.5 mV under weak NIR stimulation (83.12 mW/cm2), which is the best value reported for an organic all-in-one PTE device, and the real maximum output power reaches 2.55 nW (166.01 mW/cm2). The chip has incredible ultraflexibility, and its inner resistance changes less than 1.42% after 10000 bending cycles and displays ultrahigh stability (similarity >90%) in a continuous periodic output. Our work fills the deficit of homogeneous synchronous PTE research for a PEDOT:PSS composite and is a preliminary attempt in an ultraflexible integrated all-in-one PTE chip design.

Ionic liquid crystals/nano-nickel oxide-decorated carbon nanotubes composite for electrocatalytic treatment of urea-contaminated water

Electrochemical treatment is an efficient approach for urea-decontamination from aqueous media. Reliable electro-catalysts are therefore crucial for water decontamination applications. We introduce in this work a newly developed composite by modifying a nickel substrate with nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ionic liquid crystals (ILCs). The composite modifier (Ni/NiO + CNTs) exhibit an outstanding specific catalytic current for 0.33 M urea electro-oxidation in 1 M KOH of 1303 A·g−1·cm−2. The optimum regime of the catalyst administration to the substrate surface is a layer of ILCs followed by a mixture of CNTs and NiO with a ratio of 1:1 by mass (Ni/ILCs/NiO + CNTs (1:1)). The inclusions of ILCs assist the ionic exchange of the electrode surface and increase substantially the performance of the catalyst. The change in the carbon-based component of the catalyst affects the electro-catalytic current; reduced graphene oxide (RGO) exhibit relatively lower value compared to CNTs. The Tafel slope, the exchange current density, charge transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and heterogeneous rate constant in 0.33 M urea/1.0 M KOH for the optimized electrode (Ni/ILCs/NiO + CNTs (1:1)) are: 33.0 mV·dec−1, 2.89 × 10−5 A·cm−2, 0.91, 1.70 × 10−3 cm2·s−1, 1.51 × 105 mol−1·L·s−1, respectively. The calculated activation energy of the electrochemical conversion of urea is 5.28 kJ·mol−1. The electrode shows high stability when used for extended time to constant applied potential of about +0.5 V for urea electro-oxidation. The conversion efficiency increased in the order Ni/ILCs/NiO + CNTs > Ni/NiO + CNTs > Ni/NiO compared to the Ni surface.

Bismuth nanoparticles decorated on Na-montmorillonite-multiwall carbon nanotube for simultaneous determination of heavy metal ions- electrochemical methods

This study presents the preparation and application of the electrochemical sensor based on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) coated with a mixture of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and nano size-sodium montmorillonite (NNaM). The electrode obtained was used in the electrochemical quantification of heavy metals. The electrochemical analysis was elaborated further by collecting Bi nanoparticles (BiNP) on the electrode surface during the deposition step of the analytes. The heavy metal cations, zinc (II), cadmium (II), lead (II) and copper (II) were qualified at the potentials of about −1.0, −0.70, −0.47 and 0.00 V, respectively and they quantified within the linear concentration ranges of 2.36–40.0; 40.0–180.0 µM, 0.32–2.0; 2.0–240.0 µM, 0.03–5.0; 5.0–80.0 µM and 0.52–10.0; 10.0–40.0 µM, respectively. The characterization of the electrode surfaces was made by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface morphology of the electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrode developed was coded by BiNP/MWCNT-NNaM/PGE. The electrochemical quantification results indicate that the electrode developed is a low-cost tool of high conductive surface area, capable of producing a high SWAS voltammetric signal; much better for electrochemical analysis than unmodified PGE. Repeatability and reproducibility for BiNP/MWCNT-NNaM/PGE electrode were found to be RSD < 9.5 % and RSD < 8.0 %, respectively. The interference effects of the cations Mn2+, Al3+, Ni2+, Sb3+ Co2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na3PO4 at concentrations ten-fold lower than the analytes are tolerable (<4.5 %). Detection limits as low as 0.707 µM, 0.097 µM, 0.008 µM, and 0.157 µM, were formed for Zn (II), Cd (II), Pb (II), and Cu (II), respectively. The designed sensor was applied to a tap water sample using the standard addition method, and the results are satisfactory.

The Fowler–Nordheim plot behaviour from virtual field emitters arrays of zinc oxide nanorods mixed with carbon nanotubes

ABSTRACT The Fowler–Nordheim plot behaviour is investigated for large area field emitters arrays composed of mixtures of ZnO nanorods and single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The field emission current–voltage characteristics are calculated using the Murphy-Good equation based on the Fowler–Nordheim model. The influencing factors taken into consideration are the radii of the ZnO rods, the heights of the CNTs, the variation of the onset voltage of the saturation of the ZnO conduction band (CB) emission current and the degradation of the CNTs at high applied voltages. The results show that the FN plots of the mixed arrays exhibit nonlinear behaviour near the high-field region which could be related to the FN plot behaviour of the constituting emitters arrays. The distribution of the emitters geometrical parameters and the onset of saturation of the ZnO CB current are found to affect the FN plot behaviour of the pure ZnO, CNTs arrays as well as mixed arrays. The comparisons between the FN plots from the present work and those measured experimentally are found useful to shed light on the field emission mechanism. This may in turn aid the development of complex field emission arrays for future technological applications. The work also shows the possibility to apply the standard FN model to complex large area field emitters arrays.

The Interaction Pathway in the Mechano-Ultrasonically Assisted and Carbon-Nanotubes Augmented Nickel–Aluminum System

The influence of mechano-ultrasonic activation (MUA) and nano-additives (carbon nanotubes-CNT) on the interaction pathway of nickel–aluminum powder mixture at high heating rates was investigated. The optimum conditions of the mechano-ultrasonic activation, along with the phase and structure formation peculiarities of nickel–aluminum and nickel–aluminum–carbon nanotubes mixtures by thermal analysis method, the so-called high-speed temperature scanner (HSTS), were found out. The optimum duration of mechanical and ultrasonic activation aiming to achieve homogeneous distribution in the agitated mixtures was determined. A shift in characteristic temperatures of MUA mixtures by the influence of both heating rate and ultrasound on the Ni + Al interaction pathway for the mechano-activated (1, 3, 5 min) and 1 wt% CNT containing mixtures was observed. The formation patterns of NiAl + Ni3Al mixture or pure NiAl phase was manifested according to the interaction mechanism (depending on solid–liquid or solid–solid state of intermediates). The effective activation energy values for the Ni + Al exothermic reactions of all studied systems were determined by the isoconversional method of Kissinger.

Improved photocatalytic activity and stability of black phosphorus/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid for RhB degradation

Black phosphorus (BP) is a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor that has recently attracted much interest due to its unique characteristics. However, BP is susceptible to oxidization under ambient conditions. In this work, a facile one-step route is presented, in which stable P–C bonds were formed by ball milling bulk BP and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixture without any additives. The BP-MWCNTs hybrid and the milled BP (m-BP) were both dispersed in water under ambient conditions, and their optical absorbances were monitored. The resulting data showed that the absorbance value of the BP-MWCNTs hybrid decreased by 10.87% after 5 d, whereas the m-BP decreased by 59.21%. Surprisingly, the BP-MWCNTs hybrid also exhibited ultrahigh photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. Within 60 min of irradiation, the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) by the BP-MWCNTs hybrid reached 88.42%, which is four times higher than that of the bare m-BP. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of the P–C bond and the enhanced surface adsorption capacity resulting from the introduction of the MWCNTs, indicating that the utilization of the charges on the surface of the photocatalyst is further improved. In short, this study not only provides an easy method to synthesize the stable BP-based material for practical applications but also represents a new approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BP.

Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon nanotubes/waterborne polyurethane based composite ink for electromagnetic interference shielding and sheet heater applications

Wearable and flexible electronic devices have attracted much attention in recent decades due to their novel functionalities which can be applied in diverse fields such as identification of emergency, health monitoring, safety, and protection. For these devices to work precisely, they need a protective layer to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) and harsh environment. Therefore, developing multifunctional materials that can shield EMI and have thermal management functions has become essential. Herein, we propose a multifunctional conductive composite ink that can be applied to fabricate EMI shielding and sheet heater applications. The composite ink, which is eco-friendly, is a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and heat-treated Ti3C2Tx MXene in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) matrix. Using the doctor blade printing method, we fabricated composite films with large size, high electrical conductivity, and good mechanical flexibility. The composite films with a thickness from 20 to 200 µm provided a remarkable EMI shielding performance from 20 dB to 70 dB in overall X-band and Ka-band. The excellent Joule heating performance and heat dissipation of the composite films were also demonstrated through practical sheet heaters and thermal interface materials (TIM). We believe that our composite ink could be a practical approach to delivering superior EMI shielding and thermal management performance in printed wearable electronics applications.

Evaluation of corrosion inhibition capability of graphene modified epoxy coatings on reinforcing bars in concrete

Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is the one of the biggest problems faced by the construction industry, with billions of dollars spent annually on corrosion control strategies. Epoxy Coated Rebars (ECRs) have been reported to mitigate corrosion in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures, but due to the inherent brittle nature of epoxy, its usage is limited. In this study we have proposed modified epoxy coatings on rebars using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) along with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silane agents for improved ductility and corrosion inhibition properties. Hybrid mixture of CNTs and rGO/GO enhances the mechanical strength of the coating matrix whereas silane agents improve dispersion and bonding characteristics of nano fillers. Differently coated mild steel rebars with rGO/GO based coatings were subjected to accelerated impressed current corrosion. Performance of the coatings was evaluated by visual inspection, corrosion current, ultrasonic guided wave measurements, mass loss and residual tensile strength. Our results indicate that compared to rGO, GO in small proportion (0.4 wt% of epoxy resin) performs superior in corrosion inhibition. The GO/CNT nano composites could have potential application in the field of modified ECR reinforced concrete structures.

Isogeometric free and forced vibration analyses of FG-CNTs plates based on a logarithmic higher order shear deformation theory

This paper develops the new logarithmic higher order shear deformation theory (LHSDT) incorporating isogeometric method for free and forced vibration analyses of functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates. In this theory, a logarithmic function is employed to approximate the distribution of shear strains along the plate thickness which satisfies the condition of zero-tractions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. It is assumed that the plate is fabricated from a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a polymetric matrix. The CNTs are either uniformly distributed or functionally graded (FG) along the thickness direction of the plate. The modified rule of mixture scheme is applied to estimate effective mechanical properties of FG-CNTRC plates. The governing equations are derived from the Hamilton’s principle. Furthermore, the Newmark approach is utilized to predict the temporal response of FG-CNTRC plates under different transverse dynamical loadings. The applicability and efficiency of the present formulation in predicting vibrational characteristics of FG-CNTRC plates is investigated through an extensive set of numerical examples considering different configurations of the plate. It is revealed that the computed results are in excellent agreement with other solution methods extracted by 3D model as well as other plate theories. Eventually, a detailed parametric study is conducted to explore the influence of related parameters on the natural frequencies and temporal response of FG-CNTRC plates.

Adsorptive separation of Xe/Kr using nanoporous carbons in the presence of I2 and CH3I

• Better Xe/Kr separation performance achieved in CNTs than amorphous carbons. • The presence of I 2 and CH 3 I excludes the adsorption of Xe/Kr completely. • Adequate adsorption of CH 3 I and high CH 3 I/I 2 selectivity in (6, 6) CNT. • High adsorption of I 2 and high I 2 /CH 3 I selectivity in (15, 15) CNT. • Enhanced amorphization reduces the adsorption kinetics significantly. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were systematically conducted to reveal the influence of volatile radionuclides, I 2 and CH 3 I, on the adsorption of Xe/Kr/N 2 mixtures in well-shaped carbon nanotubes (CNTs), stratified activated carbon fiber (ACF-15) and completely disordered silicon carbide derived carbon (SiC-DC). In the absence of radioactive impurities, the (6, 6) CNT with a pore size of 0.81 nm achieves adequately high adsorption of Xe (0.37 mol/kg) and Xe/Kr selectivity (45.3), presenting significantly superior performance than other CNTs and amorphous carbons. Albeit enhancing the amorphization of nanoporous carbons hardly impacts the sorption capacity, it hinders the adsorption kinetics dramatically by introducing the energy barriers to diffusion. However, when either I 2 or CH 3 I presents in the gas phase, the adsorptions of Xe and Kr are severely excluded in nanoporous carbons due to the dominant adsorption of I 2 and CH 3 I. For the Xe/Kr/N 2 /I 2 /CH 3 I mixture, the intense competitive adsorption occurs between I 2 and CH 3 I in nanoporous carbons. It is found while the (6, 6) CNT demonstrates the greatest potential on separating CH 3 I from the quinary mixture, the (15, 15) CNT achieves the best performance on separating I 2 among the carbon structures considered.

Highly Stretchable Strain Sensor With Spiral Fiber for Curvature Sensing of a Soft Pneumatic Gripper

This paper proposes a flexible strain sensor based on the principle of resistance sensing to estimate the curvature information of the soft pneumatic gripper. The proposed sensor mainly includes a spiral conductive fiber and a central elastic base pillar. The conductive fiber is made of the stretchable elastomer DragonSkin-30 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixture, and a customized platform is designed to perform extrusion for fabrication. Three essential factors of the substrate, the fiber diameter, and the mixing ratio of MWCNTs have been investigated to improve the sensitivity and strain range of the sensor. Ecoflex-10 with excellent tensile properties has been selected to make the elastic base pillar. The stretchability, linearity, and service life of the sensor were improved by optimizing the spiral arrangement of conductive fibers through experiments. The proposed approach for manufacturing and assembly offers the advantages of easy implementation, convenient integration, and low cost. The electrical performances of the prototyped spiral sensor have been characterized, and it can reach an excellent strain range of up to 400% with linearity of 98%. The prototype has been integrated on the outer surface of a soft pneumatic gripper and well reflected the diameters of the unknown objects with an error of 3.99% through calibration and grasp-release experiments.

Evaluation the Effect of Adding Silanized Silicon Dioxide Nano Filler and Carbon Nanotube Composite on Some Properties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base Material

The mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are still far from ideal to fulfill the perfect mechanical requirements for dental applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of silanized silicon dioxide Nano filler (SiO2) and carbon nanotube on some properties of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material.Materials and methods: One hundred sixty (160) prepared specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the tests, each group consisted of 40 specimens and these were subdivided into 4 groups (unreinforced heat cured acrylic resin as control group),reinforced acrylic resin with (1%wt carbon nanotube and 3%wt silanized silicon dioxide) group and reinforced acrylic with(1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 5%wt silanized silicon dioxide)and reinforced acrylic with (1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 7%wt silanized silicon dioxide) .The tensile strength, transverse strength, indentation hardness(shore D), water sorption and solubility were investigated . The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA test with LSD multiple comparisons.Results: The result of this study shows a highly significant increase in tensile strength, surface hardness, transverse strength and significant decrease water sorption and water solubility with studied groups (the addition of carbon nanotube and silanized silicon dioxide) to PMMA than control group, also the best results were obtained with acrylic resin reinforced with(1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 5%wt silanized silicon dioxide).Conclusion: The addition of a mixture of carbon nanotube (1.5%wt) and silanized nano silicon dioxide (5%wt) to PMMA acrylic resins improves its mechanical and physical properties.

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/PEDOT: PSS Coated on Pineapple Fiber Paper Based Flexible Electrode for Electrochemical Application

In this study, a green electrode made from natural fiber paper was investigated. A pineapple fiber paper was used as electrode support material. A mixture of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and PEDOT: PSS (MWCNTs/ PEDOT: PSS) was used as active electrode material. PEDOT: PSS, a conducting polymer, was applied as binder to connect between MWCNTs and the surface of pineapple fiber paper, and this setup showed decrease in electrode resistivity. Varying the MWCNT concentration mixed with PEDOT: PSS on pineapple fiber paper was explored. The 3 wt.% MWCNT device gave the maximum conductivity value of 10.87 S cm-1. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance analysis indicated that 3 wt.% MWCNT device showed considerable promise as a flexible electrode for electrochemical devices for energy storage applications.

Electrical Properties of Transformer Oil with the Addition of Extremely Low Concentrations of Carbon Nanotubes

Electrical properties of transformer oil with additives of carbon nano-tubes are studied at the extremely low concentrations of the nano-tubes. Electrical strength of the mixtures is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of pure oil. Strengthening of the large gap is registered after several breakdowns in contrast to the small gap. The formation of a carbon bridge between flat electrodes is registered optically. This bridge is destroyed by an electrical discharge in the chain of bubbles generated on the bridge. Experiments with helium bubbles floating up in the mixture of carbon nano-tubes with transformer oil are performed at the deficiency of initiating electrons. Additives of carbon nano-tubes stimulate the partial discharges in the bubbles. Also, at lower voltages, the development of intense micro-flows in the liquid dielectric is observed that can be the result of the injection of free electrons from the nano-tubes.

Improving environmental performance of a direct absorption parabolic trough collector by using hybrid nanofluids

This study deals with the influence of hybrid nanofluids i.e., a mixture of Al2O3 and Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in water, on the environmental performance of a direct absorption parabolic trough collector. For this purpose, hybrid nanofluids in three volume concentrations i.e., 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% were prepared and their optical properties were measured. Next, the nanofluids were used in the direct absorption parabolic trough collector (DAPTC) as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) to measure the effect of using hybrid nanofluids on its energy and environmental performances. Obtained data from the spectrometric experiment reveal that hybrid nanofluids have better optical properties than mono nanofluids and the base fluid, it would be suitable for use in the DAPTC in order to increasing the thermal performance. Using hybrid nanofluids with a volume fraction of 0.04% as the heat transfer fluid intensifies the maximum temperature difference parameter of the solar collector at 240.7%, 57.2%, and 8.2% compared to water, 0.04% alumina nanofluids, and 0.04% MWCNT nanofluids, respectively. Consequently, by using hybrid nanofluids, the thermal efficiency of the solar collector ameliorates by 197.1%, 69.2%, and 6.1% compared with cases in which water, alumina/water (0.04%), and MWCNT/water (0.04%) are used, respectively. The pressure drop in the absorber tube was gaged, and the results show that the increment of pressure drop for hybrid nanofluids can be negligible due to low volume fraction. Moreover, the saving of water along with other contaminants emissions such as CO2 was calculated for the nanofluid-based collector. The results reveal that using hybrid nanofluids instead of water leads to reductions in CO2 emission and water consumption as much as 450.33 kg and 2016.6 m3 per collector, respectively.

Lithium Argyrodite as Solid Electrolyte and Cathode Precursor for Solid‐State Batteries with Long Cycle Life

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries with conversion‐type cathodes promise to exceed the performance of lithium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical specific energy and potential safety. However, the reported performance of solid‐state batteries is still unsatisfactory due to poor electronic and ionic conduction in the composite cathodes. Here, in situ formation of active material as well as highly effective ion‐ and electron‐conducting paths via electrochemical decomposition of Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 (LPSCB)/multiwalled carbon nanotube mixtures during cycling is reported. Effectively, the LPSCB electrolyte forms a multiphase conversion‐type cathode by partial decomposition during the first discharge. Comprehensive characterization, especially operando pressure monitoring, reveals a co‐redox process of two redox‐active elements during cycling. The monolithic LPSCB‐based cell shows stable cycling over 1000 cycles with a very high capacity retention of 94% at high current density (0.885 mA cm−2, ≈0.7 C) at room temperature and a high areal capacity of 12.56 mAh cm−2 is achieved.

Review: Mixed-Matrix Membranes with CNT for CO2 Separation Processes.

The membranes’ role is of supreme importance in the separation of compounds under different phases of matter. The topic addressed here is based on the use of membranes on the gases separation, specifically the advantages of mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) when using carbon nanotubes as fillers to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from other carrier gas. MMMs consist of a polymer support with additive fillers to improve their efficiency by increasing both selectivity and permeability. The most promising fillers in the MMM development are nanostructured molecules. Due to the good prospects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as MMM fillers, this article aims to concentrate the advances and developments of CNT–MMM to separate gases, such as CO2. The influence of functionalized CNT or mixtures of CNT with additional materials such as zeolites, hydrogel and, graphene sheets on membranes performance is highlighted in the present work.