Mixed Nanoparticles Research Articles

Selenium-doped mixed metal oxide nanoparticles decorated on g-C3N4 and MXene sheets as promising bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries

The design of bifunctional electrocatalysts to conduct an appropriate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for high-performance zinc–air batteries is one of the most important challenges for sustainable energy storage devices.

Optimum content of incorporated nanomaterials: Characterizations and performance of mixed matrix membranes a review

Environmental concerns about chemical and biological pollution of water are of alarming proportions. Therefore, various polymeric membranes with improved mechanical and physico-chemical qualities for water treatment were developed using mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) or nanoparticles (NPs) embedded with the membranes. However, the problem of fouling and consequent higher operating and membrane replacement costs are barriers to the use of membrane technology. Therefore, a deeper comprehension of membrane fouling is not only essential for finding solutions but also a crucial factor in the development of membrane technology. The conventional blending modification would result in a large number of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. In reality, the aggregation of nanoparticles in composite membranes is a considerable issue and would result in unfavorable changes to the features of the membrane (e.g. decreased water flux, weakened mechanical strength). In this review, it was looked into the effect of an optimal concentration of the hydrophilic nanoparticle additions to avoid the aggregation of nanoparticles in composite membranes and the reduced of using high amounts of valuable and costly nanoparticles in the membranes production and to obtain better results. The influence of the additives, such as (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and graphene oxide (GO), etc.) was investigated.

Theoretical study of the structural and energetic properties of Ce1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles via molecular dynamics simulations.

The combination of ceria (CeO2) with different metal oxides (MO2), e.g. Ce1-xMxO2, has been strategically used to enhance its intrinsic properties. Moreover, the controlled synthesis of mixed oxide nanoparticles (NPs) opens the opportunity to explore the size dependence and chemical composition of the physical-chemical properties. However, our atomic-level understanding of how the physical-chemical and thermodynamic characteristics change with particle size and composition remains far from satisfactory. Here, we used force-field molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of composition (x) and size on the physical-chemical properties of Ce1-xZrxO2 NPs with diameter from 1 (32 cations) up to 3 nm (256 cations), where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. We found abrupt changes in potential energy versus temperature for NPs with more than 108 cations, indicating a structural phase transition from disordered to ordered structures, which was confirmed by the radial distribution function. We found a linear relationship between the phase transition temperature (Tpt) and the size and composition of the NPs: the increase in the molar fraction of Zr4+ and the reduction in particle size are related to lower Tpt temperature and less defined decays of potential energy versus temperature. NPs larger than 56 cations show a radial distribution function with several peaks, which is related to the order of cations and anions in these structures. These peaks gradually disappear as the size decreases and the fraction of Zr4+ increases. Similar trends were observed with X-ray diffraction analysis; for example, fluorite-like motifs occur even with 56 cations in the case of ceria, but only for NPs with 108 cations for zirconia. Common neighbor analysis confirmed that NPs with well-defined values of the temperature Tpt have face-centered cubic (fcc)-like domains in the core region. The number of ordered fcc cations increases with increasing NP size and decreasing Zr4+ concentration. Finally, we observed that ceria nucleate first during simulated annealing and occupy highly coordinated sites within the core, while Zr4+ prefers the lowest coordinated sites on the surface.

(Keynote) Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions on Faceted MnxCo1-XFe2O4 Nanoparticles Prepared By Induction-Coupled Plasma

Substantial research efforts are directed toward the development of precious metal-free catalysts for fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrolyzers, because the deployment of these technologies requires the synthesis of low-cost catalysts with controlled properties in large quantities.Mixed spinel oxides are a promising class of catalytic materials for the oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction (ORR) reactions, and thus several works have been devoted to the understanding of the structure – composition – activity relationships. Examples include the correlation between activity of spinel oxides and the covalency of the bond formed between the oxygen species and the metal cation in the octahedral sites1, or the possible role of metal cations in the tetrahedral sites in the oxygen electrocatalysis2. However, studies highlighting the importance of the facet engineering on the electrocatalytic activity of spinel oxides3 are still rare.Here, we will present our recent work on facetted nanoparticles MnxCo1-xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) prepared by thermal plasma induction; a one step4, cost-effective and scalable method allowing the synthesis of large amounts (up to 30 g h-1 for 50 kW units) of uniform and crystalline nanoparticles5.Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and TEM-EELS analysis showed that the mixed ferrite nanoparticles are formed by individual nanocrystals with well-defined truncated octahedron shape and with {100} and {111} facets mainly exposed, have high crystallinity, a median particle size of 40 nm and a homogeneous composition down to the atomic level.Electrochemical studies conducted in 0.1M KOH using the rotating disk electrode showed the highest activity was found for carbon black + Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 composite electrode: half-wave potential for oxygen reduction 140 mV more negative than that of 20 wt% Pt/C; 420 mV oxygen evolution overpotential at 10 mAcm-2 (identical to IrO2/C). These are among the best performances reported for ferrites considering the size of the nanocrystals.Computational studies using density functional theory used to study the adsorption of oxygen molecule on the {100} and {111} facets of both CoFe2O4 and Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 demonstrated that the Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 {111} surface appears to have a highest affinity for the O2 molecule. The sites with lowest adsorption energy on each surface were identified and further analysis of O-O bond length and frequency as well as the Mulliken charge and populations confirmed the activation of the adsorbed O2 molecule. The energy diagrams of the ORR and OER computed for both Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 {100} and {111} surfaces also pointed for a higher electrocatalytic activity for the {111} facet.

Fabrication of Smart Ventilation Blocks Enhanced with Mixed TiO2 Nanoparticles for Improved Compressive Strength

Fabrication of Smart Ventilation Blocks Enhanced with Mixed TiO2 Nanoparticles for Improved Compressive Strength

Green Synthesis of Mixed ZnO-SnO2 Nanoparticles for Solar-Assisted Degradation of Synthetic Dyes

In this work, ZnO, SnO2, and their mixed ZnO-SnO2(25%) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully green synthesized in a straightforward manner with a low-cost and environmentally friendly approach using a banana peel extract. The synthesized nanophotocatalysts were characterized using various techniques including FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, TEM, SEM, BET, PL, EDS, and TGA. The characterization results showed that the ZnO and SnO2 powders were crystallized in a hexagonal wurtzite and rutile-type tetragonal structures, respectively, and their mixed ZnO-SnO2(25%) NPs contain both structures. Also, it was found that the addition of SnO2 into the ZnO structure reduces the PL intensity of the latter, confirming better separation of electron/hole pairs. The average particle size of a ZnO-SnO2(25%) NP photocatalyst was found to be 7.23 nm. The cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) as well as the anionic dyes naphthol blue black (NBB) and Coomassie brilliant blue R 250 (CBB) were employed as model dyes to assess the dye removal efficiencies of the biosynthesized nanophotocatalysts under sunlight. In all cases, the mixed ZnO-SnO2(25%) NP photocatalyst showed much better photocatalytic activity than individual photocatalysts. The degradation percent of dyes using ZnO-SnO2(25%) NPs ranged between 92.2% and 98%. The efficient photocatalytic activity of ZnO-SnO2(25%) NPs is attributed to the effective charge separation and reduced electron/hole recombination rate. The kinetic study results conformed to a pseudo first-order reaction rationalized in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Furthermore, the results showed that the ZnO-SnO2(25%) NP photocatalyst is highly stable and could be recycled several times without a noticeable reduction in its catalytic activity towards dye removal.

Understanding the Activity Trends in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on Cu Catalysts.

Cu-based catalysts possess great potential in the electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3-) reduction reaction for ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, the low atomic economy limits their further application. Here we report a Cu single-atom (SA) incorporated in nitrogen-doped carbon (Cu SA/NC) with high atomic economy, which exhibits superior NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 100% along with an impressive NH3 yield rate of 7480 μg h-1 mgcat.-1. As counterparts, Cus+n/NC, with mixed SA and nanoparticles (NPs), shows decreasing NH3 FE with decreasing SA content, but the production of N2 and N2O increases gradually, which reaches the maximum on pure Cu NPs. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that a higher NH3 FE of Cu SA/NC is ascribed to a lower free energy of the rate-limiting step (HNO* → N*) and effective inhibition for the N-N coupled process. This work provides the intuitive activity trends of Cu-based catalysts, opening an avenue for subsequent catalysts design.

Trimetal-based nanomaterials induced toxicity to plants: Does it differ from the toxicity of mixed and single-element nanoparticles?

Advanced materials comprising multiple metal alloys have made their way into the market. Trimetal-based nanomaterials (TNMs) are an example of advanced materials which have gained significant traction and are now employed in a wide array of products. It is essential to raise the question if the toxicity of advanced nanomaterials like TNMs differs from the joint effects as manifested by exposure to the single component nanoparticles (NPs). To answer this question, a trimetal-based nanomaterial: bismuth cobalt zinc oxide (BiCoZnO) was tested. This TNM had a mass ratio of 90 % ZnO NPs, 7 % Bi2O3 NPs and 3 % Co3O4 NPs. Nanoparticle-exposed lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) showed decreases in relative root elongation (RRE) and biomass production after 21 days of exposure. The 50 % of maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of the TNMs for biomass production was 1.2 mg L−1 when the exposure period was 240 h. This is of the same magnitude as the EC50 values found for ZnO NPs (EC50 = 1.5 mg L−1) and for the mixture of components NPs (MCNPs) which jointly form the TNMs (EC50 = 3.7 mg L−1) after 10 d of exposure. The inhibition of plant root elongation by the TNMs was partially (65 %) attributed to the release of Zn ions, with the actual concentration of released Zn ions being lower in TNMs compared to the actual concentration of Zn ions in case of ZnO NPs. It is therefore to be concluded that the concentration of Zn ions cannot be used as a direct measure to compare the toxicity between traditional and advanced Zn-related nanomaterials. The EC50 values could be assessed within a factor of two; which is helpful when developing advanced alloy nanomaterials and assessing prospective the effects of trimetal-based nanomaterials.

Mixing nanoparticles in a ProCell type spouted bed

Mixing nanoparticles is critical in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, solar, and nanotechnology. When different nanopowders are mixed, hetero-aggregates consisting of hetero-contacts are formed, facilitating the exchange of charge, mass and moments between particles of different materials. This research paper presents a novel approach for mixing nanoparticles using special spouted bed equipment to produce hetero-aggregates. The paper explores the potential of special spouted bed equipment for mixing nanoparticles. High-velocity opposed inlet air streams in this equipment result in high gas-solid contact efficiency and enhanced particle circulation, which contribute to the breakage of aggregates and promote the mixing process. The study investigates the aggregate breakage and mixing quality in produced hetero-aggregates. Experimental results demonstrate that the special spouted bed equipment enables efficient mixing of nanoparticles, leading to higher dispersion in hetero-aggregates with many hetero-contacts. The modified homogeneity of mixing method is utilized to quantify the mixing inside the single hetero-aggregates. Visual confirmation of the assessed values of mixing quality is provided by EDX spectral mapping.

Synthesis of mixed phase morphologies of copper oxide nanoparticles using bis(n-benzyl-salicydenaminato)copper(II) as a precursor

A primary amine, salicylaldehyde and copper salt were combined to prepare the bis(Nbenzyl-salicydenaminato)copper (II) complex. The copper (II) complex was then used as a precursor to synthesize mixed phase morphological copper oxide nanoparticles via thermal decomposition method using trioctylphosphine oxide as a capping molecule at different temperatures of 120, 180, and 240 ºC. The XRD patterns of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized at lower temperatures exhibit a mixture of monoclinic structure of CuO whereas the nanoparticles synthesized at higher temperature reveals the peaks that are attributed to mainly face-centered-cubic metallic Cu. The TEM images showed spherical particles that were increasing in sizes when the temperature was raised.

Cerium doped Mg–Co mixed ferrite nanoparticles; synthesis, magnetic and dielectric study

Cerium doped Mg–Co mixed ferrite nanoparticles; synthesis, magnetic and dielectric study

3D Printing of Bone Scaffolds Based on Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel Ink Containing Bioactive Glass 45S5 and ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles with Sustained Drug‐Release Capability

Herein, 3D printing coupled with drug‐release systems introduces many advantages to bone‐regenerative medicine. In this research, hydrogel‐based nanocomposite inks comprising alginate/gelatin (Alg/Gel) matrix supplemented with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) and zeolite‐imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles are presented. A fixed wt% of mixed nanoparticles at MBG/ZIF weight ratios of 85:15 and 70:30 is added to Alg/Gel to prepare nanocomposite inks. All inks have shear‐thinning behavior, facilitating scaffolds’ 3D printing via extrusion. Scaffolds’ 3D spatial and nanocomposite microstructures are confirmed using field‐emission scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (FESEM/EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). Shear punch testing indicates an enhanced shear strength of 85:15 samples in both dry (9.49 ± 0.23 MPa) and wet conditions (1.19 ± 0.16 MPa). After 1 month, nanocomposite scaffolds have a higher degradation rate (65%) than Alg/Gel (50%) in phosphate‐buffered saline. In vitro drug‐release study using UV–visible spectrophotometry exhibits a similar prolonged release profile for 85:15 and 70:30 nanocomposites compared to Alg/Gel. Due to its better mechanical performance, 85:15 is used for bioactivity and cellular tests. MBG provides bioactivity in simulated body fluid by the rapid development of hydroxyapatite validated by FESEM/EDX, XRD, and FT‐IR. Nanocomposite scaffolds exhibit significantly higher MG‐63 cell viability (>90%) than Alg/Gel. Finally, these scaffolds provide a potential additive‐manufacturing solution to bone tissue regeneration.

MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 Magnetic Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocatalyst: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for One-Pot N-Heterocycle Synthesis

The nano size Cu-Zn ferrite particles substituted to Mg2+ and La3+ having general chemical formula MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; and y = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) prepared through sol-gel method. The prepared mixed metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized employing techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The prepared MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 magnetic nanoparticles were used as a efficient, recoverable and heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of quinoxalines 3(a–g) and 1,5-benzodiazepines 5(a–h) under mild reaction conditions in good yields. The recyclability of catalyst was tested for five times without significant decrease in the catalytic activity. Catalyst has been used for the synthesis of different derivatives of quinoxalines in short time (20 to 30 min) with 90 -97% yield. Also, different derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines have been synthesized in short time (15 to 30 min) with 89 -98% yield using the catalyst.

Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Single and Mixed Ni-Co Aluminates Nanoparticles

A series including single and mixed Ni-Co aluminates was obtained using the precursor method, with malic acid as a ligand. The malate precursors (polynuclear coordination compounds) were isolated and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near Infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The UV–Vis–NIR spectra of the synthesized complex compounds highlighted the presence of Co2+ and Ni2+ in an octahedral environment. The thermal decomposition of these precursors led to Co1−xNixAl2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1) spinels. The effect of Ni2+ substitution on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the obtained oxides was studied with the help of different characterization tools. XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectra evidenced the formation of the spinel phase. The size of the crystallites and the agglomeration degree of the particles decrease when the nickel content increases. The band gap (BG) value is not significantly influenced by the Ni substitution. The fluorescence spectra recorded for all samples show a similar pattern, but different intensities of the emission bands.

Effects of nanoparticles on mechanical and microstructural properties of cement composite pastes at high temperature and high pressure

This study aims to investigate the effects of nanoalumina (nano-Al2O3, NA) and nanotitanium dioxide (nano-TiO2, NT) particles on the mechanical and microstructural properties of oil well cement composite pastes. Eleven groups of cement composite pastes mixed with NA (0.5–2.5 wt.%), NT (0.5–2.5 wt.%) particles and silica flour were designed by central composite response surface design method (CCD method). Meanwhile, a reference group (SF-OWC) consisting of oil well cement and silica flour was designed. These pastes were cured at 300 °C/13.0 MPa in an autoclave to simulate the downhole condition during the steam injection process in steam injection wells. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of cured cement composite pastes were tested, and mathematical models were developed to evaluating the response of NA and NT particle content on compressive strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, the mineralogy and microstructural evolution of the pastes were investigated using multi-technique methods. The results showed that the compressive strength of the mixed nanoparticles modified SF-OWC composite pastes increased by 7.5%–36.4% compared to the reference group. Moreover, this enhancement is more significant when the incorporated NA or NT particles dominate the mixed nanoparticles. The model prediction results show that adding 2.5 wt.% NA and 0.5 wt.% NT particles or adding 0.5 wt.% NA and 2.5 wt.% NT could increase the compressive strength of cement composite pastes by 58.8% and 37.5%, respectively. The mechanism analysis showed that when the incorporated mixed nanoparticles were mainly NT particles, the improvement of mechanical properties was mainly attributed to the filling effect and nuclear effect of NT particles. When the incorporated mixed nanoparticles were mainly NA particles, more C-(A)-S-H gels were retained and tightly filled and bonded with xonotlite, which made the microstructure of the cement composite pastes more dense, stronger bonding, and more conducive to resistance to load or stress variations.

Bacterial cell permeability study by metal oxide and mixed metal oxide nanoparticles: analysis of the factors contributing to the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles.

In this work, we investigate the nanoparticle-cell wall interaction by NiO and mixed metal oxide CuO-NiO nanoparticles. We have synthesized and characterized the nanoparticles using XRD, FESEM, EDS, UV vis. spectroscopy, FTIR, Zeta, and TEM analysis in our previous work. Furthermore, a preliminary antibacterial study showed that both the nanoparticles performed very well as antibacterial agents. In this extended work, we investigate the mechanism of interaction of NiO and CuO-NiO nanoparticles with S. aureus and E. coli cells as there are number of studies for antibacterial mechanism of CuO nanoparticles. The uptake of crystal violet dye in the outer bacterial membrane, the release of ß-galactosidase enzyme, and relative electric conductivity assay were used to investigate changes in the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane. Superoxide ions, which are produced intracellularly as ROS by nanoparticles, severely damage bacterial membranes. Zeta potential measurement, which resulted in surface charge neutralization, proved membrane instability. FTIR analysis was used to identify changes in the proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids that make up the chemical composition of cell surfaces. AFM imaging demonstrated extensive alteration of the nanomechanical and surface characteristics. Confocal microscopy examination supported the DNA fragmentation and nanoparticle-cell adhesion. Due to their enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to monometallicoxide nanoparticles, this study demonstrated that mixed metal oxides can be employed in the health and biomedical sectors.

A multi-nebulizer-based aerosol-assisted system for the synthesis of magnetic iron mixed metal oxides nanoparticles (MFe2O4, M = Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Zn2+)

A multi-nebulizer-based aerosol-assisted system for the synthesis of magnetic iron mixed metal oxides nanoparticles (MFe2O4, M = Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Zn2+)

One-Pot Synthesis of All-Inorganic CsPbClBr2 Blue Perovskite Quantum Dots via Stoichiometric Precursor.

The synthesis of perovskite-based blue light-emitting particles is valuable for several applications as the excellent optical properties and performances of the constituting materials associated with multi-exciton generation can be exploited. However, the preparation of perovskite precursors requires high temperatures, resulting in a complex manufacturing process. This paper proposes a one-pot method to synthesize CsPbClBr2 blue light-emitting quantum dots (QDs). In the case of nonstoichiometric precursor synthesis, the CsPbClBr2 QDs coexisted with additional products. The solvent for synthesizing mixed perovskite nanoparticles (containing chloride) was selected by mixing dimethylformamide (DMF) and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in different ratios. When only DMF was used with the stoichiometric CsBr and PbX2 (X = Cl, Br) ratio, the quantum yield was 70.55%, and superior optical properties were achieved. Moreover, no discoloration was observed for 400 h, and a high photoluminescence intensity was maintained. When deionized water was added to form a double layer with hexane, the luminescence was maintained for 15 days. In other words, the perovskite did not easily decompose even when in contact with water, which suppressed the release of Pb2+, which are heavy metal atoms in the structure. Overall, the proposed one-pot method for all-inorganic-based perovskite QDs provides a platform for synthesizing superior blue light-emitting materials.

Exploration of heat and mass transfer subjected to first order chemical reaction and thermal radiation: Comparative dynamics of nano, hybrid and tri-hybrid particles over dual stretching surface

This research is made to explore the combined influence of Soret and Dufour effect over dual stretchable porous surface considering the thermal radiation, mixed convection, and chemical reaction. Numerous researchers investigated that the thermal conductivity of host fluid increases from 10% to 40% when nanometer size particles are mixed in the host fluid. The augmentation of thermal conductivity of formed fluid depends upon numerous mechanisms of mixed nanoparticles like volume fraction and size of nanoparticles. So, in this research article, we considered three different types of nanoparticles to prepare the different nanofluids. The governing equations are converted through similarity transformation and numerically tackled in MATLAB via the boundary value problem algorithm. The numerical outcomes are validated with the published material. Graphs and tables are used to discuss the effects of various factors on momentum, energy, concentration, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood's number. High heat and the mass transfer rate is perceived in the absence of rotation and porous medium parameter for all type of nanofluids. The skin friction increases along the x-axis and y-axis when the rotation of the fluid increases. Furthermore, a 33% improved heat transfer rate and reduced skin friction are noted for triple nanoparticle nanofluid which indicates its best performance as compared to both other nanofluids.

Novel synthesis and application of surface decorated vitamin D3 in starch-based nanoparticles

Over the past few decades, severe Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency has principally remained the most common nutritional issue worldwide. In fact, insufficient intake of regular dosages from VD3 appeared to cause loss of bone density and osteoporosis. Herein, we developed an innovative technique to fabricate new class of mixed starch nanomaterials as effective carriers for VD3. The starch nanomaterials were fabricated by ultrasonication methods at different temperature levels (i.e., 20, 40, and 80 °C), ultrasonication time (i.e., 20, 40, and 60 min), and initial concentration of VD3 used during the synthesis (i.e., 10, 20, and 30 mg/L). Under the aforementioned conditions, the synthesis process was statistically investigated by using the response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the nanomaterial generating maximum loading of VD3 were then fully characterized by set of analytical instruments, such as FTIR, AFM, and DLS. After that, the interaction mechanism of the VD3 loaded over the nanomaterial surface was explored by fitting the equilibrium adsorptive data with well-kown isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, Sips, and Redlich-Peterson. Furthermore, the VD3 release performance of the optimized nanomaterials, compared with the physically mixed starch-VD3 was tested on a phosphate buffer solution at pH ∼7.4, mimicking the human bloodstream condition. Our results showed successful production and optimization of VD3=grafted nanomaterials that tend to own high level of stability and size range of 60–80 nm. From the batch adsorptive experiments, our equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir, confirming the monolayer adsorption phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, loading VD3 over the mixed starch nanoparticles allowed for diffusionally controlled release performance compared to the direct administration of VD3.